The effect of visual sensory interference during multitask obstacle crossing in younger and older adults.

When older adults step over obstacles during multitasking, their performance is impaired; the impairment results from central and/or sensory interference. The purpose was to determine if sensory interference alters performance under low levels of cognitive, temporal, and gait demand, and if the change in performance is different for younger versus older adults. Participants included 17 younger adults (20.

Risky behavior during stair descent for young adults: Differences in men versus women.

Injuries commonly occur on stairs, with high injury rates in young adults, especially young women. High injury rates could result from physiological and/or behavioral differences; this study focuses on behaviors. The purposes of this observational study were (1) to quantify young adult behaviors during stair descent and (2) to identify differences in stair descent behavior for young adult men versus women.

Nursing students' experiences of safety threats and coping processes during clinical practice: A qualitative study.

Background: Nursing students are exposed to various safety incidents during clinical practice. Frequent safety incidents cause stress, undermining their will to continue studying. Therefore, more effort is needed to analyse the scope of training safety threats perceived by nursing students and their coping processes to improve the clinical practice environment.

The histone demethylase Kdm6b regulates subtype diversification of mouse spinal motor neurons during development.

How a single neuronal population diversifies into subtypes with distinct synaptic targets is a fundamental topic in neuroscience whose underlying mechanisms are unclear. Here, we show that the histone H3-lysine 27 demethylase Kdm6b regulates the diversification of motor neurons to distinct subtypes innervating different muscle targets during spinal cord development. In mouse embryonic motor neurons, Kdm6b promotes the medial motor column (MMC) and hypaxial motor column (HMC) fates while inhibiting the lateral motor column (LMC) and preganglionic motor column (PGC) identities.

Assessment of low salinity waterflooding in carbonate cores: Interfacial viscoelasticity and tuning process efficiency by use of non-ionic surfactant.

Hypothesis: A large number of papers discuss merits and mechanisms of low salinity waterflooding. For each mechanism proposed, there are counter examples to invalidate the stated mechanism. The effect of wettability from low salinity water, which is predominantly stated in literature as the dominant mechanism, may not be valid.

Falls in young adults: The effect of sex, physical activity, and prescription medications.

Falls are a major public health issue not only for older adults but also young adults, with fall-related injuries occurring more frequently in adult females than males. However, the sex differences in the frequency and circumstances of falls in young adults are understudied. This research quantified the frequency and circumstances of falls as a function of sex, physical activity, and prescription medications in young adults.

Changes to gait speed when romantic partners walk together: Effect of age and obstructed pathway.

Background: Walking at a brisk pace is widely recommended to promote health. When partners walk together, walking activity is increased and maintained due to enhanced social support and accountability, but at least one person must adjust their gait speed. Decreased gait speed could compromise health benefits, which may be especially relevant for the aging population.

Interpersonal skills mediate the relationship between communicative and clinical competencies among nursing students: A descriptive study.

Background: The development of clinical competency reduces nursing students' stress and turnover intention and improves their clinical practice satisfaction and academic performance. Still, many nursing supervisors feel that new graduate nurses have inadequate communicative and clinical competencies, and no prior study has analyzed the mediating effect of interpersonal skills in the relationship between these two variables.

Objectives: To examine the factors that affect nursing students' clinical competency, including the mediating effect of interpersonal skills, and to identify/determine interventions that promote it and improve students' clinical performance.

Step length synergy is weaker in older adults during obstacle crossing.

Community ambulation requires gait adaptations to navigate environmental obstacles. It is well known that while crossing obstacles, variables quantifying the gait pattern are controlled relative to the obstacle's position. However, the stability of these gait variables is underexplored.

PRC2 Acts as a Critical Timer That Drives Oligodendrocyte Fate over Astrocyte Identity by Repressing the Notch Pathway.

PRC2 creates the repressive mark histone H3 Lys27 trimethylation. Although PRC2 is involved in various biological processes, its role in glial development remains ambiguous. Here, we show that PRC2 is required for oligodendrocyte (OL) differentiation and myelination, but not for OL precursor formation.

Effects of Environmental Enrichment on Neurotrophins in an MPTP-Induced Parkinson's Disease Animal Model: A Randomized Trial.

The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of environmental enrichment (EE) on neurotrophin expression in an animal model of Parkinson's disease (PD). PD was induced via intraperitoneal injection of 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP). Male mice ( = 42) were randomly divided into 3 groups: control, MPTP + standard condition (SC), and MPTP + EE.

Layer-by-Layer Freezing of Nanoconfined Water.

Nanoconfined water plays a pivotal role in a vast number of fields ranging from biological and materials sciences to catalysis, nanofluidics and geochemistry. Here, we report the freezing and melting behavior of water (DO) nanoconfined in architected silica-based matrices including Vycor glass and mesoporous silica SBA-15 and SBA-16 with pore diameters ranging between 4-15 nm, which are investigated using differential scanning calorimetry and H nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. The results provide compelling evidence that the extreme dynamical heterogeneity of water molecules is preserved over distances as small as a few angstroms.

Author Correction: Single cell transcriptome analysis of developing arcuate nucleus neurons uncovers their key developmental regulators.

An amendment to this paper has been published and can be accessed via a link at the top of the paper.

The effects of self-performance management video program on patients receiving hemodialysis.

Aim: This study attempted to investigate the effects of a self-performance management video program using a tablet PC on self-care knowledge, self-care behavior, state anxiety and physiological index in patients receiving hemodialysis.

Methods: This study was an experimental research design. The participants of this study were 46 patients who were diagnosed with end-stage renal failure and received hemodialysis on a regular basis in kidney centers (23: experimental group, 23: control group).

The Effect of Holding an Object on Postural Stability and Suprapostural Task Performance.

Holding an object has been found to reduce postural sway during quiet standing. However, people normally stand to accomplish suprapostural goals, such as fitting a key into a lock. Postural control should therefore be assessed by examining postural outcomes in the context of suprapostural task performance.

Single cell transcriptome analysis of developing arcuate nucleus neurons uncovers their key developmental regulators.

Despite the crucial physiological processes governed by neurons in the hypothalamic arcuate nucleus (ARC), such as growth, reproduction and energy homeostasis, the developmental pathways and regulators for ARC neurons remain understudied. Our single cell RNA-seq analyses of mouse embryonic ARC revealed many cell type-specific markers for developing ARC neurons. These markers include transcription factors whose expression is enriched in specific neuronal types and often depleted in other closely-related neuronal types, raising the possibility that these transcription factors play important roles in the fate commitment or differentiation of specific ARC neuronal types.

Gaze diversion affects cognitive and motor performance in young adults when stepping over obstacles.

Background: In many common multi-tasks, vision is used for two or more of the tasks, such as viewing cars, traffic signals, and the sidewalk curb at a crosswalk.

Research Question: How does gaze diversion affect adaptive locomotion in young adults?

Methods: Seventeen young adults completed a simple reaction time (RT) task while (1) standing and (2) during the approach to an obstacle on an 8 m walkway. Participants pressed a remote switch in response to a light cue (activated once during approach phase).

Circulating MicroRNA Expression Levels Associated With Internet Gaming Disorder.

Background: Addictive use of the Internet and online games is a potential psychiatric disorder termed Internet gaming disorder (IGD). Altered microRNA (miRNA) expression profiles have been reported in blood and brain tissue of patients with certain psychiatric disorders and suggested as biomarkers. However, there have been no reports on blood miRNA profiles in IGD.

Recapitulation of Candidate Systemic Lupus Erythematosus-Associated Variants in Koreans.

Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a chronic autoimmune disease that affects multiple organ systems. Although the etiology of SLE remains unclear, it is widely accepted that genetic factors could be involved in its pathogenesis. A number of genome-wide association studies (GWASs) have identified novel single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) associated with the risk of SLE in diverse populations.

Effects of individualized versus group task-oriented circuit training on balance ability and gait endurance in chronic stroke inpatients.

[Purpose] The purpose of this study was to analyze the effects of task-oriented circuit training on the balance ability and gait endurance of chronic stroke inpatients. [Subjects and Methods] The participants were 30 patients who had stroke >6 months previously, resulting in a disability such as hemiparesis. The participants were randomly divided into the group task-oriented circuit training group and the individual task-oriented circuit-training group.

The effects of whole-body vibration exercise on isokinetic muscular function of the knee and jump performance depending on squatting position.

[Purpose] The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of whole-body vibration exercise (WBVE) on isokinetic muscular function of the knee and jump performance depending on different squatting positions. [Subjects] The subjects were 12 healthy adult men who did not exercise regularly between the ages of 27 and 34. [Methods] WBVE was performed with high squat position (SP), middle SP, and low SP.

Meta-analysis method for discovering reliable biomarkers by integrating statistical and biological approaches: An application to liver toxicity.

Biomarkers that are identified from a single study often appear to be biologically irrelevant or false positives. Meta-analysis techniques allow integrating data from multiple studies that are related but independent in order to identify biomarkers across multiple conditions. However, existing biomarker meta-analysis methods tend to be sensitive to the dataset being analyzed.

The effect of a virtual reality exercise program on physical fitness, body composition, and fatigue in hemodialysis patients.

[Purpose] The aim of the present study was to investigate the effects of a virtual reality exercise program (VREP) on physical fitness, body composition, and fatigue in hemodialysis (HD) patients with end-stage renal failure. [Subjects and Methods] A nonequivalent control group pretest-posttest design was used. Forty-six HD patients were divided into exercise (n=23) and control groups (n=23); while waiting for their dialyses, the exercise group followed a VREP, and the control group received only their usual care.

Ethanol production from the seaweed Gelidium amansii, using specific sugar acclimated yeasts.

For the production of ethanol from seaweed as the source material, thermal acid hydrolysis and enzymatic saccharification were carried out for monosugars production of 25.5 g/l galactose and 7.6 g/l glucose using Gelidium amansii.