MurSS: A Multi-Resolution Selective Segmentation Model for Breast Cancer.

Accurately segmenting cancer lesions is essential for effective personalized treatment and enhanced patient outcomes. We propose a multi-resolution selective segmentation (MurSS) model to accurately segment breast cancer lesions from hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) stained whole-slide images (WSIs). We used The Cancer Genome Atlas breast invasive carcinoma (BRCA) public dataset for training and validation.

RCKD: Response-Based Cross-Task Knowledge Distillation for Pathological Image Analysis.

We propose a novel transfer learning framework for pathological image analysis, the Response-based Cross-task Knowledge Distillation (RCKD), which improves the performance of the model by pretraining it on a large unlabeled dataset guided by a high-performance teacher model. RCKD first pretrains a student model to predict the nuclei segmentation results of the teacher model for unlabeled pathological images, and then fine-tunes the pretrained model for the downstream tasks, such as organ cancer sub-type classification and cancer region segmentation, using relatively small target datasets. Unlike conventional knowledge distillation, RCKD does not require that the target tasks of the teacher and student models be the same.

Yet Another Automated Gleason Grading System (YAAGGS) by weakly supervised deep learning.

The Gleason score contributes significantly in predicting prostate cancer outcomes and selecting the appropriate treatment option, which is affected by well-known inter-observer variations. We present a novel deep learning-based automated Gleason grading system that does not require extensive region-level manual annotations by experts and/or complex algorithms for the automatic generation of region-level annotations. A total of 6664 and 936 prostate needle biopsy single-core slides (689 and 99 cases) from two institutions were used for system discovery and validation, respectively.

Automated Gleason Scoring and Tumor Quantification in Prostate Core Needle Biopsy Images Using Deep Neural Networks and Its Comparison with Pathologist-Based Assessment.

The Gleason grading system, currently the most powerful prognostic predictor of prostate cancer, is based solely on the tumor's histological architecture and has high inter-observer variability. We propose an automated Gleason scoring system based on deep neural networks for diagnosis of prostate core needle biopsy samples. To verify its efficacy, the system was trained using 1133 cases of prostate core needle biopsy samples and validated on 700 cases.

Periodontal biotype modification using a volume-stable collagen matrix and autogenous subepithelial connective tissue graft for the treatment of gingival recession: a case series.

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to propose a technique for periodontal biotype modification through thickening of the entire facial aspect using a volume-stable collagen matrix and autogenous subepithelial connective tissue graft (CTG) for the treatment of gingival recession.

Methods: Four systemically healthy patients showing Miller class I or class II gingival recession in the mandibular incisor area were included in this study. Full-mouth scaling and root planing procedures were performed at least 4 weeks prior to periodontal plastic surgery.

Clinical significance of pancreatic intraepithelial neoplasia in resectable pancreatic cancer on survivals.

Purpose: Noninvasive precursor lesions for pancreatic adenocarcinoma include pancreatic intraepithelial neoplasia (PanIN), intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasm, and mucinous cystic neoplasm. PanIN is often found synchronously adjacent to resected pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) tumors. However, its prognostic significance on outcome after PDAC resection is unknown.

Programmed death-1 (PD-1) expression in cervical intraepithelial neoplasia and its relationship with recurrence after conization.

Objective: Impaired local cellular immunity contributes to persistent human papillomavirus (HPV) infection and development of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN). Programmed death-1 (PD-1) and its ligands PD-ligand-1 (L1) and PD-L2 are negative regulators of T cell activity in various cancers, but few studies exist. The aim of this study was to determine the clinicopathologic and immunologic parameters (PD-1, PD-L1, and PD-L2) related to the persistence/recurrence of CIN after conization.

A randomized controlled clinical study of periodontal tissue regeneration using an extracellular matrix-based resorbable membrane in combination with a collagenated bovine bone graft in intrabony defects.

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to investigate the feasibility of regenerative therapy with a collagenated bone graft and resorbable membrane in intrabony defects, and to evaluate the effects of the novel extracellular matrix (ECM)-based membrane clinically and radiologically.

Methods: Periodontal tissue regeneration procedure was performed using an ECM-based resorbable membrane in combination with a collagenated bovine bone graft in intrabony defects around the teeth and implants. A novel extracellular matrix membrane (NEM) and a widely-used membrane (WEM) were randomly applied to the test group and the control group, respectively.

Comparative, randomized, double-blind clinical study of alveolar ridge preservation using an extracellular matrix-based dental resorbable membrane in the extraction socket.

Purpose: The aim of this study was to radiographically and clinically compare the effect of extracellular matrix (ECM) membranes on dimensional alterations following a ridge preservation procedure.

Methods: One of 2 different ECM membranes was applied during a ridge preservation procedure. A widely used ECM membrane (WEM; Bio-Gide, Geistlich Biomaterials, Wolhusen, Switzerland) was applied in the treatment group and a newly developed ECM membrane (NEM; Lyso-Gide, Oscotec Inc.

Overexpression of PD-L2 is associated with shorter relapse-free survival in patients with malignant salivary gland tumors.

Objectives: PD-1/PD-L1 and CTLA-4 have been investigated and are thought to play an important role in tumor evasion. This study aimed to investigate expression patterns of immune-related molecules, and their clinical impacts in malignant salivary gland tumors.

Patients And Methods: We performed immunohistochemical staining for PD-L1, PD-L2, CTLA-4, PD-1, and CD8 tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes in 70 malignant salivary gland tumors.

Expression and prognostic significance of programmed death protein 1 and programmed death ligand-1, and cytotoxic T lymphocyte-associated molecule-4 in hepatocellular carcinoma.

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the most common malignancies and causes of death worldwide. In this study, we assessed the correlation between clinicopathologic factors with programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1) and programmed cell death ligand-1 (PD-L1), and cytotoxic T lymphocyte-associated molecule-4 (CTLA-4) expressions. Furthermore, we analyzed the prognostic significance of these proteins in a subgroup of patients.

Clear Cell Renal Cell Carcinoma with Intratumoral Granulomatous Reaction: A Case Report and Review of the Literature.

Granulomatous reaction associated with clear cell renal cell carcinoma (CCRCC) is a rare finding, and only a few cases have been described in the literature. It is postulated to occur due to cancer-related antigenic factors such as cancer cells themselves or soluble tumor antigens shed into the blood. Herein, we describe a case of a 56-year-old male patient diagnosed with CCRCC with intratumoral granulomatous inflammation.

EGF induces epithelial-mesenchymal transition through phospho-Smad2/3-Snail signaling pathway in breast cancer cells.

Epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) can contribute to tumor invasion, metastasis, and resistance to chemotherapy or hormone therapy. EMT may be induced by a variety of growth factors, such as epidermal growth factor (EGF). Most studies regarding EMT have focused on TGF-β-Smads signaling.

Programmed death-ligand 1 expression in gastric adenocarcinoma is a poor prognostic factor in a high CD8+ tumor infiltrating lymphocytes group.

Gastric adenocarcinoma is one of the most common causes of cancer-related death. In this study, we conducted immunohistochemical studies for PD-L1, PD-1, CTLA-4, and CD8 using tissue microarrays from 464 gastric cancer samples and evaluated the correlations between their expression, clinicopathologic factors, and five-year overall survival. PD-L1 and PD-1 expression was significantly correlated with several adverse prognostic pathologic factors, including higher T-stage, diffuse Lauren histologic type, and lymphatic invasion.

Detection of Human Papillomavirus in Korean Breast Cancer Patients by Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction and Meta-Analysis of Human Papillomavirus and Breast Cancer.

Background: Human papillomavirus (HPV) is a well-established oncogenic virus of cervical, anogenital, and oropharyngeal cancer. Various subtypes of HPV have been detected in 0% to 60% of breast cancers. The roles of HPV in the carcinogenesis of breast cancer remain controversial.

Four-week histologic evaluation of grafted calvarial defects with adjunctive hyperbaric oxygen therapy in rats.

Purpose: The aim of this study was to characterize the healing in the grafted calvarial defects of rats after adjunctive hyperbaric oxygen therapy.

Methods: Twenty-eight male Sprague-Dawley rats (body weight, 250-300 g) were randomly divided into two treatment groups: with hyperbaric oxygen therapy (HBO; n=14) and without HBO (NHBO; n=14). Each group was further subdivided according to the bone substitute applied: biphasic calcium phosphate (BCP; n=7) and surface-modified BCP (mBCP; n=7).

SIRT7, H3K18ac, and ELK4 Immunohistochemical Expression in Hepatocellular Carcinoma.

Background: SIRT7 is one of the histone deacetylases and is NAD-dependent. It forms a complex with ETS-like transcription factor 4 (ELK4), which deacetylates H3K18ac and works as a transcriptional suppressor. Overexpression of SIRT7 and deacetylation of H3K18ac have been shown to be associated with aggressive clinical behavior in some cancers, including hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC).

A Case of Malignant PEComa of the Uterus Associated with Intramural Leiomyoma and Endometrial Carcinoma.

Perivascular epithelioid cell tumors (PEComas) refers to a family of mesenchymal neoplasms composed of angiomyolipomas, clear cell "sugar" tumors of the lung, and lymphangioleiomyomatoses. These tumors have a distinctive and common component of perivascular epithelioid cells that show an association with blood vessel walls and immunohistochemically display myomelanocytic differentiation. The unique neoplasms have been shown to have an expanded range through a variety of case reports, including visceral, intra-abdominal, soft tissue, and bone tumors.

Relief of Injection Pain During Delivery of Local Anesthesia by Computer-Controlled Anesthetic Delivery System for Periodontal Surgery: Randomized Clinical Controlled Trial.

Background: Pain from local anesthetic injection makes patients anxious when visiting a dental clinic. This study aims to determine differences in pain according to types of local anesthetizing methods and to identify the possible contributing factors (e.g.

Expression of ROR1, pAkt, and pCREB in gastric adenocarcinoma.

The receptor tyrosine kinase-like orphan receptor 1 (ROR1) is a transmembrane protein of receptor tyrosine kinase family. High expression of ROR1 is reported in many types of malignancies and is thought to be involved in tumor growth, apoptosis, and epithelial-mesenchymal transition. In this study, we examined the expression of ROR1, pAkt, and pCREB in gastric adenocarcinoma and analyzed with clinicopathologic factors and tumor proliferation.

Meta-analysis reveals no significant correlation between breast cancer survival and ErbB3 expression.

Prognostic value of ErbB3 in human breast cancer is still controversial. However, the roles of ErbB3 receptors in drug resistance are recently emerging. The objective of this study was to evaluate the relationship between ErbB3 expression and survival of breast cancer via meta-analysis.

Sclerosing polycystic adenosis of the nasal septum: the risk of misdiagnosis.

Sclerosing polycyctic adenosis (SPA) is a rare lesion of unknown etiology morphologically resembling fibrocystic changes of the breast. To date, approximately 41 cases of SPA have been reported. Most cases of SPA have originated in the parotid and submandibular glands, with a few cases of intra-oral minor salivary gland origin.

Pigmented perivascular epithelioid cell tumor (PEComa) of the kidney: a case report and review of the literature.

Heavily pigmented perivascular epithelioid cell tumors (PEComa) are rare, only eight cases of which have been reported. Unlike typical epithelioid angiomyolipoma, most of these tumors have been encountered in female patients without tuberous sclerosis. The long-term prognosis thereof is undetermined.

Comparison of diagnostic values of thyroid aspiration samples using liquid-based preparation and conventional smear: one-year experience in a single institution.

Papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) is the most common thyroid malignancy. Fine-needle aspiration (FNA) is the most useful tool in the diagnosis of thyroid nodules. Liquid-based preparation (LBP) in FNA of thyroid nodules is now widely used and is replacing the conventional smear (CS).

Paraganglioma in the cauda equina. A case report.

Paraganglioma of the cauda equina is rare, and diagnosis is difficult. A 47-year-old woman presented with backache, with a 2-year history of pain radiating in her right lower extremity. Initial neurologic examination revealed mild hypaesthesia in the L4 dermatome on both sides.