Effect of DHU001, a Polyherbal Formula on Formalin-induced Paw Chronic Inflammation of Mice.

The effect of DHU001, a mixed herbal formula consisted of 7 types aqueous extracts for various respiratory disorders were evaluated on the formalin-induced paw chronic inflammation in mice after oral administration. Mice were subaponeurotically injected in the left hind paw with 0.02 ml of 3.

An immunohistochemical study of the pancreatic endocrine cells of the ddN mouse.

The regional distribution and frequency of the pancreatic endocrine cells in the ddN mouse were studied using specific antisera against insulin, glucagon, somatostatin and human pancreatic polypeptide (hPP). In the pancreatic islets, most of insulin-immunoreactive (IR) cells were located in the central region, and glucagon-, somatostatin and hPP-IR cells were located in the peripheral region regardless of the lobe. In the splenic part, glucagon-IR cells were also located in the central regions, and more numerous somatostatin-IR cells were detected in the central regions as compared with the duo-denal part.

28 Days repeated oral dose toxicity test of aqueous extracts of mahwangyounpae-tang, a polyherbal formula.

Mahwangyounpae-tang (MT), consisting of 22 types of herbal extracts has been used for thousands of years in Korean traditional medicine for the oral treatment of respiratory diseases including asthma. As part of a safety evaluation of MT extract for use in asthma, the 28 day repeat oral dose toxicity of an aqueous MT extract was evaluated at 800, 400 and 200mg/kg per day dose levels. The results showed that no significant toxicological changes were observed when 200 and 400mg/kg per day of MT extract was administered to rats.

Effect of DHU001, a Polyherbal Formula, on Dinitrofluorobenzene-induced Contact Dermatitis (Type I allergy).

The effect of DHU001, a mixed herbal formula consisted of 7 types aqueous extracts for various respiratory disorders were evaluated on 2,4-dinitrofluorobenzene (DNFB) -induced contact dermatitis, type I allergic model. Contact dermatitis was induced by sensitization with dinitrophenyl-derivatized ovalbumin (DNP-OVA) and DNFB challenge as antigen. Two different dosages of DHU001 (300 and 150 mg/kg) were orally administered to DNP-OVA sensitization mice once a day for 7 days with reference material, dexamethasone (15 mg/kg, intraperitoneal treatment) .

Immunomodulatory effects of Aureobasidium pullulans SM-2001 exopolymers on the cyclophosphamide-treated mice.

The immunomodulatory effects of exopolymers of Aureobasidium pullulans SM-2001 containing beta-1,3/1,6-glucan were evaluated on the cyclophosphamide (CPA)-treated mice. To induce immunosuppress, 150 and 110 mg/kg of CPA were intraperitoneally injected at 1 and 3 days before start of test material administrations, respectively. Exopolymers were subcutaneously or orally administered in a volume of 10 ml/kg, 4 times; 12-hr intervals from 24 hrs after second treatment of CPA.

Micronucleus Test of DHU001, a Polyherbal Formula, in Bone Marrow Cells of Male ICR Mice.

The genotoxic effects of DHU001, a polyherbal formula were evaluated using the mouse micronucleus test. DHU001 was administered once a day for 2 continuous days by oral gavage to male ICR mice at doses of 2000, 1000 and 500 mg/kg. Cyclophosphamide was used as a known geno-toxic agent in a positive control.

Effect of Lonicerae Flos extracts on reflux esophagitis with antioxidant activity.

Aim: To observe the effects of traditional antiinflammatory medicine Lonicerae Flos (LF) on rat reflux esophagitis (RE) induced by pylorus and forestomach ligation compared with the well-known proton antioxidant, alpha-tocopherol.

Methods: Rats were pretreated with three different dosages of LF (500, 250 and 125 mg/kg) orally, once a day for 14 d before pylorus and forestomach ligation. Nine hours after pylorus and forestomach ligation, changes to the stomach and esophagus lesion areas, gastric volumes, acid and pepsin outputs, antioxidant effects, esophageal lipid peroxidation, superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), malondialdehyde (MDA), myeloperoxidase and glutathione (GSH) levels, and collagen contents (marker of flexibility) were observed on the esophageal and fundic histopathology.

Hepatoprotective effects of Artemisiae capillaris herba and Picrorrhiza rhizoma combinations on carbon tetrachloride-induced subacute liver damage in rats.

The hepatoprotective properties of Artemisiae capillaris herba (AC) and Picrorrhiza rhizoma (PR) are well known. The aim of this study was to determine the optimal composition of AC and PR mixtures for better complimentary or alternative regimens in reducing the level of hepatic fibrosis. Ten weeks of carbon tetrachloride injections caused subacute hepatic damage, manifested as significantly less body weight gain and hepatic protein content, and a higher liver weight, serum aspartate aminotransferase and alanine aminotransferase levels, hepatic malondialdehyde (an index for lipid peroxidation), and hydroxyproline (an index for collagen synthesis) concentrations.

Genotoxicity testing of aqueous extracts of Mahwangyounpae-tang, a polyherbal formula.

Mahwangyounpae-tang (MT), consisting of 22 types of herbal extracts has been used for thousands of years in Korean traditional medicine for the oral treatment of respiratory diseases including asthma. As part of a safety evaluation of MT extracts for use in asthma, the potential genotoxicity of an aqueous MT extract was evaluated using the standard battery of tests (bacterial reverse mutation assay; chromosomal aberrations assay; mouse micronucleus assay) recommended by Korea Food and Drug Administration (KFDA). The MT extract was determined not to be genotoxic under the conditions of the reverse mutation assay, chromosomal aberrations assay and mouse micronucleus assay.

Hepatoprotective Activity of Licorice Water Extract against Cadmium-induced Toxicity in Rats.

Licorice is commonly used as a cure for digestive disorders and as a detoxification agent in East Asia. This study investigated the protective effect of licorice water extract against cadmium (CdCl(2), Cd)-induced liver toxicity in rats. To induce acute toxicity, Cd (4 mg/kg body weight) was dissolved in normal saline and intravenously (i.

Effects of DHU001, a Mixed Herbal Formula on Acute Inflammation in Mice.

The effects of DHU001, a mixed herbal formula consisted of 7 types aqueous extracts for treating respiratory disorders were observed on xylene-induced acute inflammation. The xylene was topically applied 60 min after administration of 500, 250 and 125 mg/kg of DHU001, and all animals were sacrificed 2 hrs after xylene application. The changes on ear weights, histolopathological analyses of ear were evaluated and compared to those of indomethacin and dexamethasone (15 mg/kg treated) - Both of drugs are well-known by anti-inflammatory agents.

Effect of Picrorrhiza rhizoma extracts on early diabetic nephropathy in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats.

The hypoglycemic effect of an aqueous extract of Picrorrhiza Rhizoma (PR) was investigated on diabetic nephropathy. The body weight of each of eight rats per group was measured 7 days after streptozotocin (STZ) treatment. The blood glucose levels 3 days after STZ treatment and the changes in body weight, kidney weight, blood glucose levels, and serum blood urea nitrogen (BUN) were also measured, and the histopathology of the kidney was examined.

Oral Single Dose Toxicity Study of Low Molecular Fucoidan in Mice.

This study was conducted to obtain information of the oral dose toxicity of low molecular fucoidan (LMF) in male and female mice. In order to calculate 50% lethal dose (LD) and approximate lethal dose (LD), test material was once orally administered to male and female ICR mice at dose levels of 2000, 1000, 500, 250, 125 and 0 (vehicle control) mg/kg (body wt.).

Micronucleus Test of Polycan™, β-Glucan Originated from , in Bone Marrow Cells of Male ICR Mice.

In this research the genotoxic effect of Polycan™ β-glucans originated from SM-2001, was evaluated using the mouse micronucleus test. Polycan™ was administered once a day for 2 days by oral gavage to male ICR mice at doses of 1000, 500 and 250 mg/kg. Cyclophosphamide was used as a known genotoxic agent in a positive control group.

Decrease in intestinal endocrine cells in Balb/c mice with CT-26 carcinoma cells.

The density of intestinal endocrine cells, in Balb/c mice with colon 26 (CT-26) carcinoma cells, were examined immunohistochemically at 28 days after implantation. After CT-26 cell administration there was a significant decrease in most of the intestinal endocrine cells (p < 0.01) compared with the control group.

Ostreae Testa prevent ovariectomy-induced bone loss in mice by osteoblast activations.

Aim Of The Study: The anti-osteoporotic effect of heated powder of Ostreae Testa (hPOT), a powder of oyster shell-Ostrea gigas Thumb (Ostrediae) was observed in vitro and in vivo.

Materials And Methods: The effects on proliferation and alkaline phosphatase activity of primary osteoblasts, bone nodule formation, pit formation of osteoclasts and osteoclastogenesis were observed in vitro, and to observe the in vivo efficacy hPOT was orally administered once a day for 28 days to bilateral ovariectomy-induced osteoporosis mice at 125, 250 and 500mg/kg (of body weight).

Results: Although hPOT did not influence the pit formation and the number of multinucleated osteoclast-like cells, osteoclastogenesis, it enhanced the proliferation of primary osteoblasts, differentiation (ALP activity) and bone nodule formation of osteoblast in vitro.

Effects of Picrorrhiza rhizoma water extracts on the subacute liver damages induced by carbon tetrachloride.

The hepatoprotective activity of Picrorrhiza rhizoma (PR) water extract was evaluated on carbon tetrachloride (CCl(4))-induced subacute hepatic damage, induced by subcutaneous injection of CCl(4) (0.15 mL/kg of body weight) in pure olive oil (7.92%, vol/vol) three times a week for 10 weeks.

Effects of beta-glucan from Aureobasidium pullulans on acute inflammation in mice.

The effects of beta-glucan isolated from Aureobasidium pullulans were observed on acute xylene-induced inflammation. beta-glucan at a dose of 62.5, 125 or 250 mg/kg were administered once orally to xylene-treated mice (0.

Hypolipemic effect of water extracts of Picrorrhiza kurroa in high fat diet treated mouse.

A hypolipemic effect of the water extract of Picrorrhiza kurroa (PR) was observed in a high fat diet feeding hyperlipemic mouse at doses of 50, 100 and 200 mg/kg, orally, once a day for 12 weeks. Liver weight, serum aspartate transferase (AST), alanine transferase (ALT), low density lipoprotein (LDL), triglyceride and total cholesterol levels were significantly reduced by the treatment. On the contrary, serum HDL level seems not affected by P.

Hypolipemic effect of water extracts of Picrorrhiza rhizoma in PX-407 induced hyperlipemic ICR mouse model with hepatoprotective effects: a prevention study.

The preventive hypolipemic effect of water extract of Picrorrhiza rhizoma (PR) was observed in Poloxamer (PX)-407 induced hyperlipemic mice with their hepatoprotective effects. Doses of 50, 100 and 200 mg/kg of PR extracts were given orally once a day for 12 weeks initiated with intraperitoneal injection of PX-407 (0.5 g/kg), and changes in body weight and gains, liver weight, serum aspartate transferase (AST) and alanine transferase (ALT) levels were monitored with serum low density lipoprotein (LDL), high density lipoprotein (HDL), triglyceride and total cholesterol levels.

Changes of gastrointestinal argyrophil endocrine cells in the COLO205 tumor-implanted Balb/c-nu/nu mice.

The regional distributions and frequencies of argyrophil endocrine cells in gastrointestinal (GI) tract of Balb/c-nu/ nu mouse were studied using Grimelius silver stain after abdominal subcutaneous implantation of COLO205. The experimental animals were divided into two groups, one is non-implanted group (Sham) and the other is COLO205- implanted group. Samples were collected from GI tract (fundus, pylorus, duodenum, jejunum, ileum, cecum, colon and rectum) at 21 days after implantation of COLO205 cells (1 x 10(6) cell/mouse).

Changes of the intestinal endocrine cells in the C57BL/6 mouse after implantation of murine lung carcinoma (3LL): an immunohistochemical quantitative study.

Aim: To study the distributions and frequencies of intestinal endocrine cells in the C57BL/6 mouse with immunohistochemical method using seven types of specific antisera against chromogranin A (CGA), serotonin, somatostatin, glucagons, gastrin, cholecystokinin (CCK)-8 and human pancreatic polypeptide (hPP) after abdominal subcutaneous implantation of murine lung carcinoma (3LL).

Methods: The experimental animals were divided into two groups, one is non-implanted Sham and the other is 3LL-implanted group. Samples were collected from six regions of intestinal tract at 28(th) d after implantation of 3LL cells (1X10(5) cell/mouse).

An immunohistochemical study of chromogranin A and Sp-1 immunoreactive cells in the gastrointestinal tract of ovariectomized rats.

The changes on the regional distributions and frequencies of two types of chromogranin, chromogranin A (CGA) and bovine Sp-1 chromogranin (BCG)-immunoreactive (IR) cells in gastrointestinal (GI) tract of osteoporotic Sprague-Dawley rat induced by ovariectomy were studied by immunohistochemical methods. The experimental animals were divided into two groups, one is non-ovariectomized group (Sham) and the other is ovariectomized group (OVX). Samples were collected from each part of GI tract at 10th week after ovariectomy or sham operation.

Effect of Mornidae Radix extracts on experimental osteoporosis in sciatic neurectomized mice.

The preventive and therapeutic effects of aqueous extracts of Mornidae Radix (MR) were observed in sciatic neurectomized mice, a disused osteoporotic model. The right hind limbs of 80 mice were neurectomized and 20 mice were sham-operated and served as a sham control. Then 50, 100 and 200 mg/kg of MR extracts were dosed 3 days after neurectomy for 6 weeks in the prevention study and were dosed 2 weeks after neurectomy for 12 weeks for the therapeutic study.

Changes of the gastric endocrine cells in the C57BL/6 mouse after implantation of murine lung carcinoma: an immunohistochemical quantitative study.

Aim: The regional distributions and relative frequencies of some gastric endocrine cells of C57BL/6 mice were studied by immunohistochemical method using seven types of specific antisera against chromogranin A (CGA), serotonin, somatostatin, gastrin, cholecystokinin (CCK)-8, glucagon and human pancreatic polypeptide (HPP) after subcutaneous implantation of murine lung carcinoma (3LL) cells.

Methods: The experimental animals were divided into two groups, one is non-implanted sham and the other is 3LL-implanted group. Samples were collected from the two regions of stomach (fundus and pylorus) at 28 d after implantation of 3LL cells (1 x 10(5) cell/mouse).