Relationship between client laughter and session outcomes in metaverse counseling.

Considering the growing interest in VR psychotherapy, this study investigated the relationship between client laughter and session outcomes in metaverse counseling. To investigate the relationships between types of client laughter and session outcomes in metaverse counseling, we employed a multilevel analysis by separating the variables into two levels: session-level (between-sessions) and client-level (between-clients). The dataset included 159 sessions nested among 26 clients.

Posttraumatic growth experiences of North Korean adolescent refugees living in South Korea: A qualitative case study.

Objective: This study aimed to explore the posttraumatic growth (PTG) experiences of North Korean adolescent refugees. The qualitative context of PTG experiences and influencing factors was explored based on the experiences vividly described by North Korean adolescent refugees.

Method: I recruited participants for a qualitative case study, targeting "high-growth type" and "low-growth type" adolescents classified through latent profile analysis.

Modeling the relationship between mentoring and depression symptoms among adolescent North Korean refugees.

This study examined the conditions for, and mechanisms of, mentoring efficacy against depression symptoms in a random sample of 202 adolescent North Korean refugees living in South Korea. Rhodes (2005) argued that mentoring may benefit adolescents with high parental attachment because social engagement comes easily to them, and that it also may benefit adolescents with weak attachment because of greater need. The present study drew on Rhodes' (2005) theory to postulate curvilinear moderation of the mentoring-depression relationship by parental attachment.

A Study on the Life Experiences of Adolescents Who Grew up with Younger Siblings with Developmental Disabilities: Focusing on Phenomenological Analysis Methods.

This study aims to explore specific life experiences and what it means to "live as a sibling of a disabled person", by focusing on the brothers and sisters of persons with disabilities; this is a cohort that has been relatively marginalized in the field of welfare for the disabled. To this end, the author conducted 1:1 in-depth interviews with four adolescents who grew up with younger siblings who have developmental disabilities, and analyzed the meaning underlying their life experiences through phenomenological research methods. As a result, a total of five core themes of those life experiences were identified: (1) the birth of a disabled younger sibling, wherein their trials began; (2) surviving differentiation within the family; (3) ambivalence toward parents; (4) adolescence, with resurfaced psychological conflicts and relieving emotions; and (5) a future to be planned around a life of coexisting with disabled siblings.

A Qualitative Case Study on Influencing Factors of Parents' Child Abuse of North Korean Refugees in South Korea.

The purpose of this study is to investigate the influencing factors of parental child abuse by North Korean refugees who are living in South Korea. In-depth interviews were conducted with five parents who escaped from North Korea. The study identified three categories of factors impacting child abuse: the weakening of family functions from past experiences before and after defection, the stress of adapting to the culture of an unfamiliar society, and low parenting self-efficacy.

A Multiplicative Approach to Polyvictimization: A Study of Intimate Partner Violence Types as Risk Factors for Child Polyvictimization in South Korea.

Drawing on a new typology of intimate partner violence (IPV), this paper tests the relationship between indicators of totalitarian and anarchic IPV and child polyvictimization incidence and severity. The paper argues for and utilizes a quantitative approach to study polyvictimization severity. Polyvictimization is operationalized as a multiplicative relationship between physical abuse and neglect in a random sample of 204 children from Kyunggi province, South Korea.

Informal Control by Family and Risk Markers for Alcohol Abuse/Dependence in Seoul.

Although previous research documents a reliable relationship between physical intimate partner violence (IPV) victimization and alcoholism, relatively little research has examined new theoretical constructs in IPV research that may increase risk for or help buffer women from alcohol abuse/dependence. The purpose of the present study was to examine informal social control of IPV by family members as a protective factor against and coercive control as a risk factor for alcohol abuse/dependence in a small population sample of married women in Seoul, South Korea. We hypothesized that (a) informal social control by family members would be negatively associated with victim alcohol abuse/dependence and (b) husband's coercive control would be positively associated with victim alcohol abuse/dependence.