Label-free optical detection of calcium ion influx in cell-derived nanovesicles using a conical Au/PDMS biosensor.

Ion channels, which are key to physiological regulation and drug discovery, control ion flux across membranes, and their dysregulation leads to various diseases. Ca monitoring is crucial for cellular signaling when performing Ca-based assays in ion channel research; these assays are widely utilized in both academic and pharmaceutical contexts for drug screening and pharmacological profiling. However, existing detection methods are limited by slow detection speeds, low throughput, complex processes, and low analyte viability.

Congregibacter variabilis sp. nov. and Congregibacter brevis sp. nov. Within the OM60/NOR5 Clade, Isolated from Seawater, and Emended Description of the Genus Congregibacter.

Two Gram-stain-negative, aerobic, motile by means of flagella, short rod-shaped bacterial strains, designated IMCC43200 and IMCC45268, were isolated from coastal seawater samples collected from the South Sea of Korea. Strains IMCC43200 and IMCC45268 shared 98.6% 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity and were closely related to Congregibacter litoralis KT71 (98.

Health Information Needs of Public Library Leaders during COVID-19.

During the COVID-19 pandemic of 2020-2021, public library leaders across the United States were forced to make decisions quickly that affected the services and resources they were able to provide. However, the health information they had to make decisions on was imperfect and constantly changing. Interviews with 23 public library managers and directors revealed that more authoritative local data was needed for decision-making and to share with their service populations.

Combination checkpoint therapy with anti-PD-1 and anti-BTLA results in a synergistic therapeutic effect against murine glioblastoma.

Clinical trials involving anti-programmed cell death protein-1 (anti-PD-1) failed to demonstrate improved overall survival in glioblastoma (GBM) patients. This may be due to the expression of alternative checkpoints such as B- and T- lymphocyte attenuator (BTLA) on several immune cell types including regulatory T cells. Murine GBM models indicate that there is significant upregulation of BTLA in the tumor microenvironment (TME) with associated T cell exhaustion.