Multi-Objective Bayesian Optimization for Laminate-Inspired Mechanically Reinforced Piezoelectric Self-Powered Sensing Yarns.

Piezoelectric fiber yarns produced by electrospinning offer a versatile platform for intelligent devices, demonstrating mechanical durability and the ability to convert mechanical strain into electric signals. While conventional methods involve twisting a single poly(vinylidene fluoride-co-trifluoroethylene)(P(VDF-TrFE)) fiber mat to create yarns, by limiting control over the mechanical properties, an approach inspired by composite laminate design principles is proposed for strengthening. By stacking multiple electrospun mats in various sequences and twisting them into yarns, the mechanical properties of P(VDF-TrFE) yarn structures are efficiently optimized.

The Origin and Invasion Pathway of Brown Rats on Dok-Do Island Revealed by Genome-Wide Markers from 3-RADseq Approach.

Biological invasions are known to cause local extinctions on islands. Dok-do, a small, remote volcanic island in the East Sea of Korea in the western Pacific, has recently been invaded by rats, posing ecological problems. To infer their origin and invasion pathway, we collected rats from Dok-do and from the potential introduction source locations, Ulleung-do in the Pacific Ocean, and four east coastal ports.

Photomodulative effects of low-level laser therapy on tracheal fenestration developed in in vivo model.

The effect of low-level laser therapy (LLLT) on variable mucosal lesions in the upper aerodigestive tract has been reported. However, the effect of LLLT on tracheostomy sites or tracheal fenestration is rarely reported. In this study, we evaluate the effect of LLLT performed using 635 nm laser light based on a cylindrical diffuser and an animal model with tracheal fenestration.

Combinatorial prophylactic effect of phlorotannins with photobiomodulation against tracheal stenosis.

Several conventional treatments are used to manage tracheal stenosis after intubation and surgical procedures; however, patients are at risk of restenosis because of the absence of effective preventative therapy. In this study, we evaluate the biomodulatory effect of PT-combined blue light (BL) PBM in tracheostomal stenosis-induced animal models. The PT-combined BL group showed a significant decrease in the fibrotic protein synthesis by downregulating the release of stenosis-triggering fibrotic signals, without cytotoxicity or thermal damage.

Refracture After Removal of the PFNA in a Healed Intertrochanteric Femoral Fracture: Case Report.

Hardware removal in a healed intertrochanteric fracture in elderly, which is not a routine procedure, should be needed in the case of irritable hardware. The reports of refracture after hardware removal can be seen as sparse in current literature, which are focused to secondary femoral neck fracture after removal of the lag screw or blade. We experienced a case of the intertrochanteric refracture and varus collapse after the PFNA removal in a healed fracture, treated with valgus trochanteric osteotomy and angled blade plate fixation.

Automated Structural Analysis and Quantitative Characterization of Scar Tissue Using Machine Learning.

An analysis of scar tissue is necessary to understand the pathological tissue conditions during or after the wound healing process. Hematoxylin and eosin (HE) staining has conventionally been applied to understand the morphology of scar tissue. However, the scar lesions cannot be analyzed from a whole slide image.

Influence of Graft Bending Angle on Femoral Tunnel Widening After Double-Bundle ACL Reconstruction: Comparison of Transportal and Outside-In Techniques.

Background: Previous studies have suggested that increased mechanical stress due to acute graft bending angle (GBA) is associated with tunnel widening and graft failure after anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction. Few studies have compared the GBA between the outside-in (OI) and the transportal (TP) techniques.

Purpose: To evaluate the influence of GBA on clinical outcomes and tunnel widening after ACL reconstruction with OI versus TP technique.

Multiple cylindrical interstitial laser ablations (CILAs) of porcine pancreas in and models.

Background: The therapeutic capacity of multiple cylindrical interstitial laser ablations (CILAs) of pancreatic tissue was evaluated with 1064 nm laser light in and porcine pancreatic models.

Methods: A diffusing applicator was sequentially employed to deliver 1064 nm laser light in a cylindrical distribution to ablate a large volume of pancreatic tissue. tissue was tested at various power levels (5, 7, and 10 W) under US imaging.

Dependence of laser-induced optical breakdown on skin type during 1064 nm picosecond laser treatment.

The current study aims to evaluate the dependence of laser-induced optical breakdown (LIOB) on skin types by using 1064 nm picosecond laser with micro-lens arrays (MLA) and diffractive optical elements (DOE). Both black and white skin tissues were examined to comparatively assess the LIOB effects in the skin in terms of laser-induced vacuolization. The black skin irradiated at 3.

Multi-Lens Arrays (MLA)-Assisted Photothermal Effects for Enhanced Fractional Cancer Treatment: Computational and Experimental Validations.

Conventional photothermal therapy (PTT) for cancer typically employs an end-firing flat fiber (Flat) to deliver laser energy, leading to the incomplete treatment of target cells due to a Gaussian-shaped non-uniform beam profile. The purpose of the current study is to evaluate the feasibility of multi-lens arrays (MLA) for enhanced PTT by delivering laser light in a fractional micro-beam pattern. Computational and experimental evaluations compare the photothermal responses of gelatin phantoms and aqueous dye solutions to irradiations with Flat and MLA.

Femoral Tunnel Widening After Double-Bundle Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction With Hamstring Autograft Produces a Small Shift of the Tunnel Position in the Anterior and Distal Direction: Computed Tomography-Based Retrospective Cohort Analysis.

Purpose: To determine whether the femoral tunnel position remains in an anatomical footprint after tunnel widening and shifting.

Methods: Patients who underwent unilateral double-bundle anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction with hamstring autograft and performed computed tomography scan evaluation at the time of 5 days and 1 year postoperatively were included in this retrospective cohort study. Three-dimensional models of the femur and femoral tunnels were reconstructed from computed tomography scan data.

A novel hyperthermophilic methylglyoxal synthase: molecular dynamic analysis on the regional fluctuations.

Two putative methylglyoxal synthases, which catalyze the conversion of dihydroxyacetone phosphate to methylglyoxal, from Oceanithermus profundus DSM 14,977 and Clostridium difficile 630 have been characterized for activity and thermal stability. The enzyme from O. profundus was found to be hyperthermophilic, with the optimum activity at 80 °C and the residual activity up to 59% after incubation of 15 min at 95 °C, whereas the enzyme from C.

Laser-induced optical breakdown effects of micro-lens arrays and diffractive optical elements on porcine skin after 1064 nm picosecond laser irradiation.

The current study aims to investigate the effects of micro-lens arrays (MLA) and diffractive optical elements (DOE) on skin tissue via intra-dermal laser-induced optical breakdown (LIOB) after irradiation of 1064-nm picosecond laser light at high energy settings. Irradiation with MLA and DOE was tested on dimming paper, tissue-mimicking phantom, and dark pigmented porcine skin to quantitatively compare distributions of micro-beams, micro-bubbles, and laser-induced vacuoles in the skin. DOE yielded more uniform distributions of the micro-beams on the paper and laser-induced micro-bubbles in the phantom, compared to MLA.

Evaluations on laser ablation of ex vivo porcine stomach tissue for development of Ho:YAG-assisted endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD).

Endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD) is clinically used to remove early gastric cancer in stomach. The aim of the current study is to examine a therapeutic capacity of pulsed Ho:YAG laser for the development of laser-assisted ESD under various surgical parameters. Ex vivo porcine stomach tissue was ablated with 1-J Ho:YAG pulses at 10 Hz at different number of treatments (NT = 1, 2, and 3) and treatment speeds (TS = 0.

Diagnostic value of the axial view of magnetic resonance imaging to identify two-dimensional shapes of full-thickness rotator cuff tears.

Background: Coronal and sagittal views of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) were used to determine rotator cuff tear size and fatty infiltration, but these images were not enough to identify the tear shape.

Purpose: To correlate the preoperative axial MRI views and arthroscopic surgical findings to identify the two-dimensional shapes in rotator cuff tears.

Material And Methods: This study included 166 patients who underwent arthroscopic repair between 2015 and 2018.

Stimulation of cell growth by addition of tungsten in batch culture of a methanotrophic bacterium, Methylomicrobium alcaliphilum 20Z on methane and methanol.

It is carried out for researches to convert methane, the second most potent greenhouse gas, to high-value chemicals and fuels by using methanotrophs. In this study, we observed that cell growth of Methylomicrobium alcaliphilum 20Z in the batch cultures on methane or methanol was stimulated by the addition of tungsten (W) without formate accumulation. Not only biomass yield but also the total products yield (biomass and formate) on carbon basis increased up to 11.

Mevalonate production from ethanol by direct conversion through acetyl-CoA using recombinant Pseudomonas putida, a novel biocatalyst for terpenoid production.

Background: Bioethanol is one of the most representative eco-friendly fuels developed to replace the non-renewable fossil fuels and is the most successful commercially available bio-conversion technology till date. With the availability of inexpensive carbon sources, such as cellulosic biomass, bioethanol production has become cheaper and easier to perform, which can facilitate the development of methods for converting ethanol into higher value-added biochemicals. In this study, a bioconversion process using Pseudomonas putida as a biocatalyst was established, wherein ethanol was converted to mevalonate.

Light-Triggered Radiochemical Synthesis: A Novel F-Labelling Strategy Using Photoinducible Click Reaction to Prepare PET Imaging Probes.

Novel probe development for positron emission tomography (PET) is leading to expanding the scope of molecular imaging. To begin responding to challenges, several biomaterials such as natural products and small molecules, peptides, engineered proteins including affibodies, and antibodies have been used in the development of targeted molecular imaging probes. To prepare radiotracers, a few bioactive materials are unique challenges to radiolabelling because of their complex structure, poor stability, poor solubility in aqueous or chemical organic solutions, and sensitivity to temperature and nonphysiological pH.

Synthesis and Evaluation of 2-[F]Fluoroethyltriazolesuberohydroxamine Acid for Histone Deacetylase in a Tumor Model as a Positron Emission Tomography Radiotracer.

Histone deacetylases (HDACs) are an important regulator of expression and activity of numerous proteins in terms of epigenetic aberrations. This makes HDACs attractive for antitumor therapy and imaging in certain cancers. The authors report the radiochemical synthesis of 2-[F]fluoroethyltriazolesuberohydroxamine acid ([F]FETSAHA) as a HDAC-targeted radiolabel probe for positron imaging tomography/computed tomography.

Chitosan-Based Hydrogel Microparticles for Treatment of Carcinoma in a Rabbit VX2 Liver Tumor Model.

Purpose: To investigate potential of chitosan hydrogel microparticles (CHI) for treatment of VX2 carcinoma.

Materials And Methods: Two weeks after liver VX2 implantation, contrast-enhanced computerized tomographic scanning was conducted. Rabbits (n = 2) with successful tumor growth were treated with different sizes of Tc-labeled CHI (60-80 μm and 100-120 μm) via intra-arterial hepatic catheterization.

The effectiveness of low-dose and high-dose tranexamic acid in posterior lumbar interbody fusion: a double-blinded, placebo-controlled randomized study.

Purpose: Tranexamic acid is a proven drug used for reduction of intraoperative blood loss in spinal surgery. However, optimal dosing considering risk/benefits is not well established owing to the heterogeneity in patient selection and surgical procedures of previous studies. This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness and safety of various tranexamic acid regimens in reducing perioperative blood loss in single-level posterior lumbar interbody fusion (PLIF).

A concentration-independent micro/nanofluidic active diode using an asymmetric ion concentration polarization layer.

Over the past decade, nanofluidic diodes that rectify ionic currents (i.e. greater current in one direction than in the opposite direction) have drawn significant attention in biomolecular sensing, switching and energy harvesting devices.

Bioprocess engineering to produce 9-(nonanoyloxy) nonanoic acid by a recombinant Corynebacterium glutamicum-based biocatalyst.

Here, Corynebacterium glutamicum ATCC13032 expressing Baeyer-Villiger monooxygenase from Pseudomonas putida KT2440 was designed to produce 9-(nonanoyloxy) nonanoic acid from 10-ketostearic acid. Diverse parameters including cultivation and reaction temperatures, type of detergent, and pH were found to improve biotransformation efficiency. The optimal temperature of cultivation for the production of 9-(nonanoyloxy) nonanoic acid from 10-ketostearic acid using whole cells of recombinant C.

Increased incorporation of gaseous CO into succinate by Escherichia coli overexpressing carbonic anhydrase and phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase genes.

Carbon dioxide (CO) is an abundant and cheap carbon source that is partly responsible for global warming in the atmosphere. The objective of this study was to construct a recombinant E. coli strain that can show enhanced production of succinate derived from CO.