Development of a new VMAT QA framework for Mobius3D using control-point specific EPID images.

Purpose: This study presents novel quality assurance (QA) approach for volumetric modulated arc therapy (VMAT) that leverages frame-by-frame electronic portal imaging device (EPID) images integrated into Mobius3D for accurate three-dimensional dose calculations.

Methods: Sequential EPID images for VMAT plans were acquired every 0.4-second by iView system and processed through iterative deconvolution to mitigate blurring from photon scattering.

Generating 3D images of VMAT plans for predictive models and activation maps associated with plan deliverability.

Background: Intensity modulation with dynamic multi-leaf collimator (MLC) and monitor unit (MU) changes across control points (CPs) characterizes volumetric modulated arc therapy (VMAT). The increased uncertainty in plan deliverability required patient-specific quality assurance (PSQA), which remained inefficient upon Quality Assurance (QA) failure. To prevent waste before QA, plan complexity metrics (PCMs) and machine learning models with the metrics were generated, which were lack of providing CP-specific information upon QA failures.

Empowering Vision Transformer by Network Hyper-Parameter Selection for Whole Pelvis Prostate Planning Target Volume Auto-Segmentation.

U-Net, based on a deep convolutional network (CNN), has been clinically used to auto-segment normal organs, while still being limited to the planning target volume (PTV) segmentation. This work aims to address the problems in two aspects: 1) apply one of the newest network architectures such as vision transformers other than the CNN-based networks, and 2) find an appropriate combination of network hyper-parameters with reference to recently proposed nnU-Net ("no-new-Net"). VT U-Net was adopted for auto-segmenting the whole pelvis prostate PTV as it consisted of fully transformer architecture.

AXL is required for hypoxia-mediated hypoxia-inducible factor-1 alpha function in glioblastoma.

Unlabelled: Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most aggressive type of central nervous system tumor. Molecular targeting may be important when developing efficient GBM treatment strategies. Sequencing of GBMs revealed that the receptor tyrosine kinase (RTK)/RAS/phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase pathway was altered in 88% of samples.

Yin Yang 1 is required for PHD finger protein 20-mediated myogenic differentiation in vitro and in vivo.

The development of skeletal muscle requires progression of a highly ordered cascade of events comprising myogenic lineage commitment, myoblast proliferation, and terminal differentiation. The process of myogenesis is controlled by several myogenic transcription factors that act as terminal effectors of signaling cascades and produce appropriate developmental stage-specific transcripts. PHD finger protein 20 (PHF20) is a multidomain protein and subunit of a lysine acetyltransferase complex that acetylates histone H4 and p53, but its function is unclear.

A new role for the ginsenoside RG3 in antiaging via mitochondria function in ultraviolet-irradiated human dermal fibroblasts.

Background: The efficacy of ginseng, the representative product of Korea, and its chemical effects have been well investigated. The ginsenoside RG3 has been reported to exhibit apoptotic, anticancer, and antidepressant-like effects.

Methods: In this report, the putative effect of RG3 on several cellular function including cell survival, differentiation, development and aging process were evaluated by monitoring each specific marker.

S6 kinase 1 plays a key role in mitochondrial morphology and cellular energy flow.

Mitochondrial morphology, which is associated with changes in metabolism, cell cycle, cell development and cell death, is tightly regulated by the balance between fusion and fission. In this study, we found that S6 kinase 1 (S6K1) contributes to mitochondrial dynamics, homeostasis and function. Mouse embryo fibroblasts lacking S6K1 (S6K1-KO MEFs) exhibited more fragmented mitochondria and a higher level of Dynamin related protein 1 (Drp1) and active Drp1 (pS616) in both whole cell extracts and mitochondrial fraction.

The roles of TRIO and F-actin-binding protein in glioblastoma cells.

TRIO and F-actin-binding protein (TrioBP), which was initially discovered as a binding partner of Trio and F‑actin, is a critical factor associated with hearing loss in humans. However, the function of TrioBP in cancer has not been investigated. In the present study, TrioBP expression was indicated to be highly elevated in U87‑MG and U343‑MG cells.

GOLGA2 loss causes fibrosis with autophagy in the mouse lung and liver.

Autophagy is a biological recycling process via the self-digestion of organelles, proteins, and lipids for energy-consuming differentiation and homeostasis. The Golgi serves as a donor of the double-membraned phagophore for autophagosome assembly. In addition, recent studies have demonstrated that pulmonary and hepatic fibrosis is accompanied by autophagy.

Mitochondrial transcription factor A (TFAM) is upregulated in glioma.

Mitochondrial transcription factor A (TFAM), which was initially discovered as a transcription factor for mitochondrial DNA, has known to be critical for the regulation of mitochondrial DNA. However the possible involvement of TFAM in cancer is largely unknown. In this study, we have provided some evidence that TFAM may have a potential role in brain tumor.

Benign fibrous histiocytoma in the mandible.

Purpose: Benign fibrous histiocytoma (BFH) is a very rare benign tumor occurring in the jaw. The purpose of this article is to describe the clinical, radiographic, and microscopic appearance of BFH occurring in the mandible.

Study Design: A 42-year-old man had an asymptomatic swelling of the left mandibular posterior area.