Mutational Profiling of Korean Lymphomas and Diffuse Large B-Cell Lymphoma Subtype Classification Using Targeted Panel Sequencing.

Background: Lymphoma is a common hematological malignancy with diverse morphological and immunophenotypic characteristics that may affect treatment and outcomes. Thus, accurate differential diagnosis is crucial, and molecular genetic testing is valuable. We aimed to investigate the genetic characteristics of Korean patients with lymphoma using a next-generation sequencing (NGS)-based targeted panel.

Recurrence Risk Evaluation in Patients with Papillary Thyroid Carcinoma: Multicenter Machine Learning Evaluation of Lymph Node Variables.

Background: Lymph node (LN)-related risk factors have been updated to predict long-term outcomes in patients with papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC). However, those factors’ analytic appropriateness and general applicability must be validated. This study aimed to assess LN-related risk factors, and suggest new LN-related risk categories.

Fine Needle Aspiration Cytology vs. Core Needle Biopsy for Thyroid Nodules: A Prospective, Experimental Study Using Surgical Specimen.

Purpose: To evaluate and compare the diagnostic outcomes of ultrasonography (US)-guided fine needle aspiration (FNA) and core needle biopsy (CNB) performed on the same thyroid nodule using a surgical specimen for direct comparison.

Materials And Methods: We included 89 thyroid nodules from 88 patients from February 2015 to January 2016. The inclusion criterion was thyroid nodules measuring ≥ 20 mm (mean size: 40.

Restratification of Patients with Intermediate-Risk Papillary Thyroid Carcinoma.

Background: Long-term management and follow-up strategies in patients with intermediate-risk papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) according to the American Thyroid Association (ATA) are still controversial due to the paucity of data on unique risk factors or a risk stratification system predictive of long-term outcomes.

Patients And Methods: This study included 649 patients with PTC who underwent an initial surgical treatment. Retrospectively enrolled patients were categorized according to the ATA risk stratification system.

Optimal cutoff values of primary tumour size to better predict long-term outcomes in patients with papillary thyroid carcinoma undergoing total thyroidectomy: A preliminary study using restricted cubic spline analysis.

Objective: Primary tumour size (PTS) is known to be a significant prognostic factor in patients with papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) undergoing thyroidectomy. Although cutoff values of 2 and 4 cm are widely used in surgical extent decision and long-term outcomes predictions, the effectiveness of arbitrary cutoff values in stratifying patients for target outcomes is questionable. This study aimed to determine new optimal cutoffs of PTS.

Detailed characterization of metastatic lymph nodes improves the prediction accuracy of currently used risk stratification systems in N1 stage papillary thyroid cancer.

Objective: The characteristics of metastatic lymph nodes (MLNs) have been investigated as important predictors of recurrence and progression in papillary thyroid cancer (PTC). However, clinically applicable risk stratification systems are limited to the assessment of size and number of MLNs. This study investigated the predictive value of detailed characteristics of MLNs in combination with currently used risk stratification systems.

Effects of Oxytocin on Cell Proliferation in a Corticotroph Adenoma Cell Line.

Background: Oxytocin (OXT) has been reported to act as a growth regulator in various tumor cells. However, there is a paucity of data on the influence of OXT on cell proliferation of corticotroph adenomas. This study aimed to examine whether OXT affects cell growth in pituitary tumor cell lines (AtT20 and GH3 cells) with a focus on corticotroph adenoma cells.

Inhibition of the ERK1/2-mTORC1 axis ameliorates proteinuria and the fibrogenic action of transforming growth factor-β in Adriamycin-induced glomerulosclerosis.

Transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) plays crucial roles in the development of focal segmental glomerulosclerosis, but key molecular pathways remain unknown. Here, we identified the regulation of mammalian target of rapamycin complex1 (mTORC1) by TGF-β via ERK1/2 in the Adriamycin-induced murine model of focal segmental glomerulosclerosis. Adriamycin administration elicited early activation of TGF-β-ERK1/2-mTORC1 in podocytes, which persisted at later stages of albuminuria and glomerulosclerosis.

Peripheral location and infiltrative margin predict invasive features of papillary thyroid microcarcinoma.

Objective: Tumor location in papillary thyroid microcarcinoma (PTMC) might determine tumor outgrowth from the thyroid gland. However, the clinical implications of tumor location and minimal extrathyroid extension (mETE) have not been well elucidated. We aimed to investigate the relationship between tumor location and mETE to predict the aggressiveness of PTMC.

Expression of CD9 and CD82 in papillary thyroid microcarcinoma and its prognostic significance.

Introduction: papillary thyroid microcarcinoma is a well-known malignant neoplasm with good prognosis. The known prognostic factors are patient's age, multifocality, and extrathyroidal extension. CD9 and CD82, members of the tetraspanin family, are expressed in numerous cancer cells and play many roles associated with the cellular process.

The prevalence and surgical outcomes of Hürthle cell lesions in FNAs of the thyroid: A multi-institutional study in 6 Asian countries.

Background: Hürthle cell-rich nodules (HCNs) encompass non-neoplastic to malignant lesions. There is paucity of literature on the frequency distribution of HCNs among Bethesda categories, histologic follow-up, risk of malignancy (ROM), and risk of neoplasia (RON). The objective of this retrospective, multi-institutional study was to determine the prevalence of the cytologic diagnostic category and surgical outcomes of patients with HCN.

Primary Bone Marrow B-Cell Lymphoma Undetected by Multiple Imaging Modalities That Initially Presented with Hypercalcemia.

Purpose: We report a rare case of severe hypercalcemia that was ultimately diagnosed as primary bone marrow diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (BCL).

Case Report: A 74-year-old male patient visited our hospital complaining of tenderness and swelling of the left knee caused by supracondylar fracture of the left distal femur. His initial blood tests showed a serum calcium level of 13.

Thyroid Fine-Needle Aspiration Cytology Practice in Korea.

We reviewed the current status of thyroid fine-needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) in Korea. Thyroid aspiration biopsy was first introduced in Korea in 1977. Currently, radiologists aspirate the thyroid nodule under the guidance of ultrasonography, and cytologic interpretation is only legally approved when a cytopathologist makes the diagnosis.

The Use of the Bethesda System for Reporting Thyroid Cytopathology in Korea: A Nationwide Multicenter Survey by the Korean Society of Endocrine Pathologists.

Background: The Bethesda System for Reporting Thyroid Cytopathology (TBSRTC) has standardized the reporting of thyroid cytology specimens. The objective of the current study was to evaluate the nationwide usage of TBSRTC and assess the malignancy rates in each category of TBSRTC in Korea.

Methods: Questionnaire surveys were used for data collection on the fine needle aspiration (FNA) of thyroid nodules at 74 institutes in 2012.

Predicting lymph node metastasis in patients with papillary thyroid carcinoma by vascular index on power Doppler ultrasound.

Background: For patients with papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC), lymph node metastasis is associated with an increased recurrence rate. The purpose of this study was to investigate whether the vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), microvessel density (MVD), and vascular index (VI) can predict lymph node metastasis in patients with PTC.

Methods: From January 2011 to October 2011, 202 patients with PTCs underwent preoperative staging ultrasound evaluation.

Histogram and gray level co-occurrence matrix on gray-scale ultrasound images for diagnosing lymphocytic thyroiditis.

The objective of the study was to evaluate whether texture analysis using histogram and gray level co-occurrence matrix (GLCM) parameters can help clinicians diagnose lymphocytic thyroiditis (LT) and differentiate LT according to pathologic grade. The background thyroid pathology of 441 patients was classified into no evidence of LT, chronic LT (CLT), and Hashimoto's thyroiditis (HT). Histogram and GLCM parameters were extracted from the regions of interest on ultrasound.

Value of additional von Kossa staining in thyroid nodules with echogenic spots on ultrasound.

Purpose: To evaluate the clinical value of additional von Kossa staining on cytology in thyroid nodules with echogenic spots on ultrasound (US).

Materials And Methods: 342 thyroid nodules were analyzed for cytology and von Kossa staining was performed to detect microcalcifications. We compared diagnostic performances and accuracies of FNA and FNA with von Kossa staining to detect malignancy.

Human Papillomavirus and Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor in Oral Cavity and Oropharyngeal Squamous Cell Carcinoma: Correlation With Dynamic Contrast-Enhanced MRI Parameters.

Objective: The objective of this study was to investigate differences in dynamic contrast-enhanced MRI (DCE-MRI) parameters on the basis of the status of human papillomavirus (HPV) and epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) biomarkers in patients with squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) of the oral cavity and oropharynx by use of histogram analysis.

Materials And Methods: A total of 22 consecutive patients with oral cavity and oropharyngeal SCC underwent DCE-MRI before receiving treatment. DCE parameter maps of the volume transfer constant (K(trans)), the flux rate constant (kep), and the extravascular extracellular volume fraction (ve) were obtained.

Exome sequencing reveals recurrent REV3L mutations in cisplatin-resistant squamous cell carcinoma of head and neck.

Dacomitinib, an irreversible pan-HER inhibitor, had shown modest clinical activity in squamous cell carcinoma of head and neck (SCCHN) patients. Therefore, validated predictive biomarkers are required to identify patients most likely to benefit from this therapeutic option. To characterize the genetic landscape of cisplatin-treated SCCHN genomes and identify potential predictive biomarkers for dacomitinib sensitivity, we performed whole exome sequencing on 18 cisplatin-resistant metastatic SCCHN tumors and their matched germline DNA.

Combined use of conventional smear and liquid-based preparation versus conventional smear for thyroid fine-needle aspiration.

The purpose of the study was to compare the diagnostic utility of the combined conventional smear (CS) and liquid-based preparation (LBP) compared to CS with respect to the non-diagnostic rate, the atypia of undetermined significance (AUS) or follicular lesion of undetermined significance (FLUS) rate, and the diagnostic performances for malignancy. This retrospective study was approved by the Institutional Review Board, and the need to obtain informed consent was waived. In our institution, thyroid FNAs were processed with CS before October 2012, and LBP has been used in combination with CS after October 2012.

Subcategorization of atypia of undetermined significance/follicular lesion of undetermined significance (AUS/FLUS): a study applying Thyroid Imaging Reporting and Data System (TIRADS).

Objective: To evaluate the clinical significance and compare the imaging features according to the Thyroid Image Reporting and Data System (TIRADS) between atypia of undetermined significance/follicular lesion of undetermined significance (AUS/FLUS) subcategories.

Design & Patients: A total of 192 thyroid nodules in 188 patients (mean age: 50·2 ± 11·8 years) that had been initially diagnosed as AUS/FLUS on US-guided fine needle aspiration (US-FNA) were included. One cytopathologist retrospectively reviewed the cytology slides, subcategorizing cytology results into AUS and FLUS.

c-Met-mediated reactivation of PI3K/AKT signaling contributes to insensitivity of BRAF(V600E) mutant thyroid cancer to BRAF inhibition.

BRAF (V600E) mutation is the most commonly detected genetic alteration in thyroid cancer. Unlike its high treatment response to selective BRAF inhibitor (PLX4032) in metastatic melanoma, the treatment response in thyroid cancer is reported to be low. The purpose of this study is to investigate the resistance mechanism responsible for this low treatment response to BRAF inhibitor in order to maximize the effect of targeted therapy.

Hypoxia Induces Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition in Follicular Thyroid Cancer: Involvement of Regulation of Twist by Hypoxia Inducible Factor-1α.

Purpose: Although follicular thyroid cancer (FTC) has a relatively fair prognosis, distant metastasis sometimes results in poor prognosis and survival. There is little understanding of the mechanisms contributing to the aggressiveness potential of thyroid cancer. We showed that hypoxia inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α) induced aggressiveness in FTC cells and identified the underlying mechanism of the HIF-1α-induced invasive characteristics.

Applying Ultrasound-Guided Core Needle Biopsy for Diagnosis of Thyroid Masses: Preliminary Results From a Single Institution.

Objectives: The purpose of this study was to investigate the level of conclusive results obtained with ultrasound (US)-guided core needle biopsy (CNB) and how this method should be applied for diagnosis of thyroid nodules.

Methods: From January 2013 to November 2014, US-guided CNB was performed in 84 thyroid lesions of 83 patients. Based on CNB pathologic reports, thyroid nodules were divided into 2 categories: conclusive (nodules reaching a definite pathologic diagnosis suggesting benignity or malignancy) and inconclusive (nodules that were not able to reach a definite diagnosis because of ambiguous results).