Various congenital anomalies and anatomical variations of the spleen: a multimodality pictorial review.

There are various congenital anomalies and anatomical variations of the spleen (CAAVS). CAAVS are common and are often associated with systemic anomalies. Widespread use of computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging in a variety of clinical situations has increased the detection of CAAVS.

Gadoxetate disodium-enhanced MRI for diagnosis of hepatocellular carcinoma in patients with chronic liver disease: late portal venous phase may improve identification of enhancing capsule.

Purpose: To investigate added value of late portal venous phase (LPVP) for identification of enhancing capsule (EC) on gadoxetate disodium-enhanced MRI (GD-MRI) for diagnosing hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) in patients with chronic liver disease (CLD).

Methods: This retrospective study comprised 116 high-risk patients with 128 pathologically proven HCCs who underwent GD-MRI including arterial phase, conventional portal venous phase (CPVP, 60 s), LPVP (mean, 104.4 ± 6.

Liver Abscess Caused by with Hepatic Artery Pseudoaneurysm: A Case Report.

Hepatic artery pseudoaneurysm is a rare but potentially life-threatening condition that usually occurs after trauma. Early recognition and prompt management are essential for preventing catastrophic consequences, such as hemoperitoneum. We report a rare case of liver abscess caused by resulting in hepatic artery pseudoaneurysm without iatrogenic injury.

Preoperative CT image-based assessment for estimating risk of ovarian torsion in women with ovarian lesions and pelvic pain.

Purpose: To define and weight the preoperative CT findings for ovarian torsion and to develop an integrated nomogram for estimating the probability of ovarian torsion in women with ovarian lesion and pelvic pain.

Methods: This retrospective study included 218 women with surgically resected ovarian lesions who underwent preoperative contrast-enhanced CT for pelvic pain from January 2014 to February 2019. Significant imaging findings for torsion were extracted using regression analyses and a regression coefficient-based nomogram was constructed.

Gadoxetic acid-enhanced MRI for diagnosis of hepatocellular carcinoma in patients with chronic liver disease: can hypointensity on the late portal venous phase be used as an alternative to washout?

Purpose: To investigate the added value of considering hypointensity on late portal venous phase (LPVP) images as washout for diagnosis of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) using gadoxetic acid-enhanced MRI (Gd-EOB-MRI) in patients with chronic liver disease (CLD).

Methods: This retrospective study comprised 97 patients at high risk for HCC who underwent Gd-EOB-MRI including unenhanced, multi-arterial phase, conventional portal venous phase (CPVP, 60 s), and LPVP (mean, 99.9 ± 9.

Various Congenital Abnormalities and Anatomic Variants of the Pancreas: A Pictorial Review.

Numerous and various congenital abnormalities and anatomic variants of the pancreas (CAAVPs) have been reported. Some of them are not so uncommon. Recent advances and accessibility of various multiplanar imaging modalities today offer the increased capabilities of detection and full diagnosis of these CAAVPs.

Adult Langerhans' cell histiocytosis with multisystem involvement: A case report.

Rationale: Langerhans' cell histiocytosis (LCH), also called histiocytosis X, is an uncommon disorder manifesting in a variety of ways. Although LCH can involve various organs including bone, skin, and lymph nodes, multisystem involvement of LCH is rare in adults.

Patient Concerns: A 31-year-old woman first presented to our hospital with left leg pain.

LI-RADS v2017 categorisation of HCC using CT: Does moderate to severe fatty liver affect accuracy?

Objectives: To compare the sensitivity of Liver Imaging Reporting and Data System (LI-RADS) v2017 for diagnosis of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) using multiphasic computed tomography (CT) between patients with and without moderate to severe fatty liver (MSFL).

Methods: This retrospective study included a total of 106 high-risk patients with 112 pathologically proven HCCs who underwent multiphasic CT. Patients were classified as MSFL (24 men, 2 women; mean age, 59.

Various congenital anomalies of the inferior vena cava: review of cross-sectional imaging findings and report of a new variant.

The inferior vena cava (IVC) is an important structure receiving a large amount of venous return and is associated with various congenital disorders. Advances in diagnostic imaging and its increasing accessibility have led to an increase in the incidental detection of IVC anomalies. Congenital anomalies of the IVC are not uncommon and are occasionally critical to treatment planning.

The many faces of Meckel's diverticulum and its complications.

Meckel's diverticulum is the most frequent congenital malformation of the gastrointestinal tract, occurring in 2% of the general population. Meckel's diverticulum is usually asymptomatic and found incidentally. However, the lifetime risk of complications is 4-40%.

Role of ¹⁸F-FDG PET/CT in the prediction of gastric cancer recurrence after curative surgical resection.

Purpose: The study evaluated the role of preoperative (18)F-fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) positron emission tomography (PET)/CT in the prediction of recurrent gastric cancer after curative surgical resection.

Methods: A total of 271 patients with gastric cancer who underwent (18)F-FDG PET/CT and subsequent curative surgical resection were enrolled. All patients underwent follow-up for cancer recurrence with a mean duration of 24 ± 12 months.

Epstein-Barr virus-associated lymphoepithelioma-like gastric carcinoma presenting as a submucosal mass: CT findings with pathologic correlation.

A lymphoepithelioma-like carcinoma, characterized by a carcinoma with heavy lymphocyte infiltration, is one of the histological patterns observed in patients with Epstein-Barr virus (EBV)-associated gastric carcinoma. Less than half of invasive carcinomas with lymphoepithelioma-like histology can grow to make a submucosal mass. These tumors generally have a better prognosis than conventional adenocarcinomas.

Diffuse pattern of transient hepatic attenuation differences in viral hepatitis: a sign of acute hepatic injury in patients without cirrhosis.

Objectives: Our objective was to describe the transient hepatic attenuation differences (THADs) on dynamic computed tomography in patients with viral hepatitis who had no evidence of cirrhosis.

Methods: After excluding patients who had known causative factors for the development of THAD, a retrospective review of dynamic CT scans in 67 patients with viral hepatitis was performed to determine whether THAD was present. The patients were assigned to 3 groups according to the magnitude of alanine aminotransferase (ALT) level alteration (normal to mild, moderate, and marked) or hepatitis type (acute hepatitis, acute exacerbation of chronic hepatitis, and chronic infection), and differences in the presence of various CT features including THAD among these groups were evaluated.

Color Doppler twinkling artifacts in various conditions during abdominal and pelvic sonography.

Objective: The aims of this study were to describe the mechanisms likely to be responsible for color Doppler twinkling artifacts and their associated machine factors and to illustrate the various conditions that cause twinkling artifacts and those pitfalls.

Methods: We evaluated various sonographic machine-associated factors that influence artifact appearance and identified various conditions that display twinkling artifacts during abdominal and pelvic sonography.

Results: The presence of twinkling artifacts was found to be dependent on focal zones, gray scale gains, color write priorities, and pulse repetition frequencies.

CT findings of colonic complications associated with colon cancer.

A broad spectrum of colonic complications can occur in patients with colon cancer. Clinically, some of these complications can obscure the presence of underlying malignancies in the colon and these complications may require emergency surgical management. The complications of the colon that can be associated with colon cancer include obstruction, perforation, abscess formation, acute appendicitis, ischemic colitis and intussusception.

MRI of gastric carcinoma: results of T and N-staging in an in vitro study.

Aim: To determine the accuracy of 1.5-T magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in the evaluation of gastric wall invasion and perigastric lymph node metastasis in gastric adenocarcinoma.

Methods: Twenty resected gastric specimens containing 20 tumors were studied with a 1.

Transient arterial enhancement of the hepatic parenchyma in patients with acute cholangitis.

Objectives: Our objectives were to determine the clinical significance of transient arterial enhancement (TAE) of the hepatic parenchyma in patients with suspected biliary disease and to investigate the relationship between the pattern and extent of TAE and acute cholangitis.

Methods: A retrospective review of dynamic computed tomographic scans in 76 patients with suspected biliary disease was performed. Patterns of TAE were classified as polymorphous, sectorial, peribiliary, diffuse, and a combination of features.

Foreign body granulomas simulating recurrent tumors in patients following colorectal surgery for carcinoma: a report of two cases.

We report here two cases of foreign body granulomas that arose from the pelvic wall and liver, respectively, and simulated recurrent colorectal carcinomas in patients with a history of surgery. On contrast-enhanced CT and MR images, a pelvic wall mass appeared as a well-enhancing mass that had invaded the distal ureter, resulting in the development of hydronephrosis. In addition, a liver mass had a hypointense rim that corresponded to the fibrous wall on a T2-weighted MR image, and showed persistent peripheral enhancement that corresponded to the granulation tissues and fibrous wall on dynamic MR images.

Duplication of the extrahepatic bile duct in association with choledocholithiasis as depicted by MDCT.

We report here on an extremely rare case of duplicated extrahepatic bile ducts that was associated with choledocholithiasis, and this malady was visualized by employing the minimum intensity projection images with using multi-detector row CT. The presence of duplicated extrahepatic bile ducts with a proximal communication, and the ducts were joined distally and they subsequently formed a single common bile duct, has not been previously reported.

Multiplanar reformations and minimum intensity projections using multi-detector row CT for assessing anomalies and disorders of the pancreaticobiliary tree.

CT scan is regarded as the imaging modality of choice in patients with pancreaticobiliary ductal abnormalities. However, the axial orientation of the CT images provides only limited anatomical view of pancreaticobiliary ductal abnormalities. The technological advances of multi-detector row CT and three-dimensional image processing in workstations allows rapid image acquisition and a short postprocessing time.

Multislice CT cholangiography using thin-slab minimum intensity projection and multiplanar reformation in the evaluation of patients with suspected biliary obstruction: preliminary experience.

Thirty-three patients with suspected biliary obstruction were prospectively evaluated with multislice CT cholangiography using thin-slab minimum intensity projection (MinIP) and multiplanar reformation (MPR) to determine its usefulness and to compare with the comparative studies of endoscopic retrograde cholangiography (ERC), magnetic resonance cholangiography (MRC), or percutaneous transhepatic cholangiography (PTC). CT cholangiography made correct diagnoses in all biliary obstructions except in two patients with common bile duct stones. The correspondence with the comparative study was 93.

Traumatic bowel perforation: analysis of CT findings according to the perforation site and the elapsed time since accident.

Abdominal CTs of 57 patients with bowel perforation after blunt abdominal trauma were retrospectively analyzed to determine: the diagnostic accuracy of the perforation site, and the differential findings according to the elapsed time from the trauma. Diagnostic accuracy of the perforation site was as follows: duodenum (100%), jejunum (81%), jejunoileal junction (100%), ileum (93%), and colon (20%). Extraluminal air was the only significant differential findings according to the elapsed time, and was seen more commonly on late stage of bowel perforation (P<.