Moderating effect of cognitive reserve on the association between grey matter atrophy and memory varies with age in older adults.

Background: Educational attainment and verbal intelligence, which indirectly reflect an individual's cognitive reserve (CR), is suggested to buffer the effect of late-life brain degradation on cognitive performance outcome. We aimed to explore how the relationship between whole grey matter volume (GMV) and episodic memory function is altered by CR proxy as well as age in healthy older adults.

Methods: Elderly Verbal Learning Test (EVLT) and structural magnetic resonance imaging were administered to 110 community-residing older adults.

The effectiveness of a couple-based intervention for people living with mild Alzheimer's disease and their spousal caregivers in Korea.

Background And Objectives: We evaluated the effectiveness of a Korean version of the Couples Life Story Approach (CLSA-K), a structured life-review program originally developed in the U.S. to help older adults with dementia and their spousal caregivers engage with each other and improve their quality of life.

Femoral nerve block for patient undergoing total knee arthroplasty: Prospective, randomized, double-blinded study evaluating analgesic effect of perineural fentanyl additive to local anesthetics.

Background: The existence of peripheral opioid receptors and its effectiveness in peripheral nerve block remain controversial. The aim of this prospective, randomized, double-blinded study was to examine the analgesic effects of adding fentanyl to ropivacaine for continuous femoral nerve block (CFNB) using patient-controlled analgesia after total knee arthroplasty (TKA).

Methods: The patients were divided into 2 groups, each with n = 40 in ropivacaine (R) group and n = 42 in R with fentanyl (R + F) group.

Effect of bite force on orthodontic mini-implants in the molar region: Finite element analysis.

Objective: To examine the effect of bite force on the displacement and stress distribution of orthodontic mini-implants (OMIs) in the molar region according to placement site, insertion angle, and loading direction.

Methods: Five finite element models were created using micro-computed tomography (microCT) images of the maxilla and mandible. OMIs were placed at one maxillary and two mandibular positions: between the maxillary second premolar and first molar, between the mandibular second premolar and first molar, and between the mandibular first and second molars.

Availability of a 5% lidocaine patch used prophylactically for venipuncture- or injection-related pain in children.

Purpose: Venipuncture- or injection-related pain is still major problem during anesthetic induction in children. This study was designed to determine the availability of a 5% lidocaine patch used prophylactically for venipuncture- or injection-related pain during the induction of anesthesia.

Methods: In a randomized, double-blind study, 72 pediatric patients were allocated to one of two groups: pretreatment with a 5% lidocaine patch (Lidoderm(®), Endo Pharmaceuticals, Chadds Ford, PA, USA) (group A) or pretreatment with a placebo patch (group B).

Hypothermic cardiopulmonary bypass for minimally invasive mitral valve plasty in adult moyamoya disease.

A 43-year-old man underwent minimally invasive mitral valve plasty of a flail mitral valve. Four years previously, he had been diagnosed with moyamoya disease (MMD) by cerebral magnetic resonance imaging/angiography findings. In MMD, risk factors for cerebral stroke include changes in arterial carbon dioxide partial pressure, blood pressure, and body temperature.

Accidental epidural injection of rocuronium.

Epidural administration of local anesthetics or opioid during general anesthesia is a widespread method for postoperative analgesia. Despite the availability of this technique, inadvertent administration of nonepidural medications into the epidural space can be associated with serious neurological complications. We report a case of accidental epidural rocuronium injection.

CpG island methylation in familial colorectal cancer patients not fulfilling the Amsterdam criteria.

To determine the role of methylation in colorectal cancer patients with a family history, we enrolled 25 colorectal cancer patients with a family history of colorectal cancer but without a mutation in the hMLH1 and hMSH2 genes. Thirty patients with sporadic colorectal cancer were included as control. The methylation status of COX2, MGMT, hMLH1, TIMP3, p16, and MINT2 in normal mucosa and tumor were assessed using methylation-specific PCR.

Vertical alveolar ridge augmentation using autogenous bone grafts and platelet-enriched fibrin glue with simultaneous implant placement.

Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate the combined use of autogenous bone and platelet-enriched fibrin glue as grafting material for vertical alveolar ridge augmentation with simultaneous implant placement in a canine alveolar ridge defect model.

Study Design: In 6 mongrel dogs, bilateral vertical alveolar ridge defects were created in the mandible. After 3 months of healing, 2 dental implants were placed in each defect of the mandible, creating 6-mm supra-alveolar peri-implant defects.

Flapless implant surgery: an experimental study.

Objective: The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of flapless implant surgery on crestal bone loss and osseointegration in a canine mandible model.

Study Design: In 6 mongrel dogs, bilateral, edentulated, flat alveolar ridges were created in the mandible. After 3 months of healing, 2 implants in each side were placed by either flap or flapless procedures.

Maxillary sinus floor augmentation using autogenous bone grafts and platelet-enriched fibrin glue with simultaneous implant placement.

Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate the use of autogenous bone in combination with platelet-enriched fibrin glue as a grafting material for maxillary sinus augmentation with simultaneous implant placement in dogs.

Study Design: The mucous membranes of 12 sinuses in 6 dogs were elevated bilaterally. In the right sinus, autogenous bone mixed with platelet-enriched fibrin glue was grafted into the space between the membrane and the sinus wall.

The effect of platelet-rich plasma on bone healing around implants placed in bone defects treated with Bio-Oss: a pilot study in the dog tibia.

Objective: The aim of this study was to examine the influence of platelet-rich plasma (PRP) used as an adjunct to Bio-Oss for the repair of bone defects adjacent to titanium dental implants.

Study Design: In 6 mongrel dogs, 12 screw-shaped titanium dental implants were inserted into the osteotomy sites in the dogs' tibias. Before implantation, a standardized gap (2.

A retrospective study of the effects on sinus complications of exposing dental implants to the maxillary sinus cavity.

Objective: The aim of this study was to investigate whether dental implant exposure to the maxillary sinus cavity increased the risk of maxillary sinus complications.

Study Design: Nine patients with 23 implants that had been inserted into the maxillary sinus more than 4 mm without lifting the sinus mucous membranes were evaluated for sinus complications 6 to 10 months after implant insertion, using a questionnaire and computerized tomography (CT).

Results: There were no clinical signs of sinusitis in any patient.

The effects of exposing dental implants to the maxillary sinus cavity on sinus complications.

Objective: The aim of this study was to investigate whether dental implant exposure to the maxillary sinus cavity increases the risk of maxillary sinus complications.

Study Design: An implant was placed bilaterally in the maxillary sinus of 8 adult female mongrel dogs in a way that it penetrated the bone and mucous membrane of the maxillary sinus floor to the extent of 2 mm, 4 mm, or 8 mm. The implants were left in place for 6 months.