Evaluation of Drug Blood-Brain-Barrier Permeability Using a Microfluidic Chip.

The blood-brain-barrier (BBB) is made up of blood vessels whose permeability enables the passage of some compounds. A predictive model of BBB permeability is important in the early stages of drug development. The predicted BBB permeabilities of drugs have been confirmed using a variety of in vitro methods to reduce the quantities of drug candidates needed in preclinical and clinical trials.

The Effects of a Simulation-Based Patient Safety Education Program on Compliance with Patient Safety, Perception of Patient Safety Culture, and Educational Satisfaction of Operating Room Nurses.

Background: Operating rooms (ORs) are healthcare areas that are high-risk regarding patient safety (PS). The prevention of PS errors such as wrong-site surgery, medication errors, and patient falls is important in the OR. Causes such as having insufficient information, not taking enough care and precautions, and inattention may lead to errors.

Prediction of the Drug-Drug Interaction Potential between Tegoprazan and Amoxicillin/Clarithromycin Using the Physiologically Based Pharmacokinetic and Pharmacodynamic Model.

Tegoprazan is a novel potassium-competitive acid blocker. This study investigated the effect of drug-drug interaction on the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of tegoprazan co-administered with amoxicillin and clarithromycin, the first-line therapy for the eradication of , using physiologically based pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic (PBPK/PD) modeling. The previously reported tegoprazan PBPK/PD model was modified and applied.

Predicting the systemic exposure and lung concentration of nafamostat using physiologically-based pharmacokinetic modeling.

Nafamostat has been actively studied for its neuroprotective activity and effect on various indications, such as coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Nafamostat has low water solubility at a specific pH and is rapidly metabolized in the blood. Therefore, it is administered only intravenously, and its distribution is not well known.

Bioanalytical methods for the detection of duloxetine and thioctic acid in plasma using ultra performance liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS/MS).

Duloxetine and thioctic acid (TA) are standard drugs for treating diabetic neuropathy, a primary complication associated with diabetes. In this study, ultra performance liquid chromatography coupled with tandem mass spectrometry methods was successfully developed and validated for quantifying duloxetine and TA in biological samples. The protein precipitation method was used to extract duloxetine, TA and their internal standards from beagle dog plasma.

Integration of a Physiologically Based Pharmacokinetic and Pharmacodynamic Model for Tegoprazan and Its Metabolite: Application for Predicting Food Effect and Intragastric pH Alterations.

A physiologically based pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic (PBPK/PD) model for tegoprazan and its major metabolite M1 was developed to predict PK and PD profiles under various scenarios. The PBPK model for tegoprazan and M1 was developed and predicted using the SimCYP simulator and verified using clinical study data obtained after a single administration of tegoprazan. The established PBPK/PD model was used to predict PK profiles after repeated administrations of tegoprazan, postprandial PK profiles, and intragastric pH changes.

Study on Associating Emotions in Verbal Reactions to Facial Expressions in Dementia.

The purpose of this study was to provide basic data on cognitive therapy and to improve social support programs for the elderly with dementia by identifying the difficulties they experienced in emotional communication by identifying how they recognized emotions in verbal reactions to facial expressions using Ekman's photographs of facial expressions and comparing their responses with the general elderly population. There were 141 participants in this study. Data collection was conducted from 3 April 2019 to 30 June 2019 in Seoul, in the Gyeonggi-do and Gangwon-do provinces of South Korea.

Determination of candesartan or olmesartan in hypertensive patient plasma using UPLC-MS/MS.

Candesartan and olmesartan are angiotensin II receptor blockers (ARBs) used for the treatment of hypertension and heart failure. Quantitation methods for candesartan and olmesartan were developed using ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry following protein precipitation. Candesartan was separated using 5 mM ammonium formate (A) and 100% acetonitrile (B) and olmesartan was separated using 2 mM ammonium formate with 0.

Effects of Patient-Selected Music Listening on the Pain and Anxiety of Patients Undergoing Hemodialysis: A Randomized Controlled Trial.

Unlabelled: This study aimed to analyze the influence of patient-selected music listening on the pain and anxiety levels of hemodialysis patients after undergoing a vascular access operation.

Methods: Sixty five patients were randomly assigned to the experimental group ( = 32) or the control group ( = 33). The experimental group was instructed to listen to their favorite music using headphones during their operations at the center.

Prediction of Fluoxetine and Norfluoxetine Pharmacokinetic Profiles Using Physiologically Based Pharmacokinetic Modeling.

Fluoxetine is a selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor that is metabolized to norfluoxetine by cytochrome P450 (CYP) 2D6, CYP2C19, and CYP3A4. A physiologically based pharmacokinetic model for fluoxetine and norfluoxetine metabolism was developed to predict and investigate changes in concentration-time profiles according to fluoxetine dosage in the Korean population. The model was developed based on the Certara repository model and information gleaned from the literature.

Urinary Metabolomic Profiling after Administration of Corydalis Tuber and Pharbitis Seed Extract in Healthy Korean Volunteers.

Pharmacometabolomics is a useful tool to identify biomarkers that can assess and predict response after drug administration. The primary purpose of pharmacometabolomics is to better understand the mechanisms and pathways of a drug by searching endogenous metabolites that have significantly changed after drug administration. DA-9701, a prokinetic agent, consists of Pharbitis seed and Corydalis tube extract and it is known to improve the gastrointestinal motility.

Physiologically-based pharmacokinetic model for clozapine in Korean patients with schizophrenia.

Clozapine has been used as a treatment of schizophrenia. Despite its large interindividual variability, few reports addressed the physiologically-based pharmacokinetic modeling and simulation (PBPK M&S) of clozapine in patients. This study aimed to develop a PBPK M&S of clozapine in Korean patients with schizophrenia.

Bioanalytical Method Using Ultra-High-Performance Liquid Chromatography Coupled with High-Resolution Mass Spectrometry (UHPL-CHRMS) for the Detection of Metformin in Human Plasma.

Metformin is the first-line medicine for the treatment of type 2 diabetes. Drug interactions between metformin and other drugs, food, or beverages cannot only cause changes in the pharmacokinetic profiles but also affect the efficacy of metformin. The purpose of this study was to develop a rapid and reliable bioanalytical method for the detection of plasma metformin concentration in humans.

Quantification of apixaban in human plasma using ultra performance liquid chromatography coupled with tandem mass spectrometry.

Apixaban, an inhibitor of direct factor Xa, is used for the treatment of venous thromboembolic events or prevention of stroke. Unlike many other anticoagulant agents, it does not need periodic monitoring. However, monitoring is still required to determine the risk of bleeding due to overdose or surgery.

Evaluation of the Effect of CYP2D6 Genotypes on Tramadol and -Desmethyltramadol Pharmacokinetic Profiles in a Korean Population Using Physiologically-Based Pharmacokinetic Modeling.

Tramadol is a μ-opioid receptor agonist and a monoamine reuptake inhibitor. -desmethyltramadol (M1), the major active metabolite of tramadol, is produced by CYP2D6. A physiologically-based pharmacokinetic model was developed to predict changes in time-concentration profiles for tramadol and M1 according to dosage and CYP2D6 genotypes in the Korean population.

Development of a UPLC-MS/MS method for the therapeutic monitoring of L-asparaginase.

This study aimed to develop a UPLC-MS/MS method for determining plasma levels of L-aspartic acid and L-asparagine and the activity of L-asparaginase. L-aspartic acid, L-asparagine, and L-aspartic acid-2,3,3-d were extracted from human plasma by protein precipitation with sulfosalicylic acid (30%, v/v). The plasma samples were analyzed using an Imtakt Intrada amino acid analysis column with 25 mM ammonium formate and 0.

Determination of donepezil in human plasma using ultra performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry.

An ultra performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS/MS) method was developed and validated for the quantification of donepezil in human plasma. Donepezil and donepezil-D4 were extracted from human plasma by liquid-liquid extraction using a mixture of hexane and ethyl acetate (70:30 v/v). The extracted samples were analyzed using a Thermo Hypersil Gold C18 column with 5% acetic acid in 20 mM ammonium acetate buffer (pH 3.

Association of TNF-alpha G-308A gene polymorphism with depression: a meta-analysis.

Background: Although many studies have investigated the association of a single nucleotide polymorphism in TNF-α G-308A gene with depression, their association is still controversial. To clarify this, we performed a meta-analysis.

Method: Studies related to TNF-α G-308A and depression were retrieved from PubMed, Medline, Embase, and Scopus (up to April 18, 2017).

Effects of Music Therapy on the Cardiovascular and Autonomic Nervous System in Stress-Induced University Students: A Randomized Controlled Trial.

Objective: Stress is caused when a particular relationship between the individual and the environment emerges. Specifically, stress occurs when an individual's abilities are challenged or when one's well-being is threatened by excessive environmental demands. The aim of this study was to measure the effects of music therapy on stress in university students.

Effects of a Stroke Primary Prevention Program on Risk Factors for At-Home Elderly.

BACKGROUND To prevent stroke from occurring, stroke risk factors in at-risk subjects should be controlled and the diseases causing stroke should be managed. This study evaluated a nursing intervention to prevent stroke in at-risk elderly living at home. The program consisted of stroke and nutrition education as well as exercise guidance.

Effects of a randomized controlled recurrent fall prevention program on risk factors for falls in frail elderly living at home in rural communities.

Background: Falling can lead to severe health issues in the elderly and importantly contributes to morbidity, death, immobility, hospitalization, and early entry to long-term care facilities. The aim of this study was to devise a recurrent fall prevention program for elderly women in rural areas.

Material/methods: This study adopted an assessor-blinded, randomized, controlled trial methodology.

Improving the quality of sleep with an optimal pillow: a randomized, comparative study.

Because sleep comprises one-third of a person's life, using an optimal pillow for appropriate neck support to maintain cervical curve may contribute to improve quality of sleep. Design of orthopedic pillow conforms to orthopedic guidelines to ensure the right support of the cervical curve. The aim of this study was to investigate effect of different pillow shape and content on cervical curve, pillow temperature, and pillow comfort.

The acute effect of smoking a single cigarette on vascular status, SpO2, and stress level.

Background: Tobacco use is a major cause of cardiovascular and respiratory disease and cancer. It is controversial whether smoking helps relieve stress. This study investigated the acute effect of smoking a single cigarette on vascular status, SpO2, and stress level.

[Effects of taping therapy on the deformed angle of the foot and pain in hallux valgus patients].

Purpose: This study was to examine the effects of Taping therapy on the deformed angle of the foot and pain in hallux valgus patients.

Method: The subjects were 24 feet from 15 patients who were diagnosed withhallus valgus at the orthopedic department of K University Hospital in Seoul. Taping therapy was conducted 15 times overall during a four-week period.