Early detection of bloodstream infection in critically ill children using artificial intelligence.

Background: Despite the high mortality associated with bloodstream infection (BSI), early detection of this condition is challenging in critical settings. The objective of this study was to create a machine learning tool for rapid recognition of BSI in critically ill children.

Methods: Data were extracted from a derivative cohort comprising patients who underwent at least one blood culture during hospitalization in the pediatric intensive care unit (PICU) of a tertiary hospital from January 2020 to June 2023 for model development.

Development of a machine learning model to identify intraventricular hemorrhage using time-series analysis in preterm infants.

Although the prevalence of intraventricular hemorrhage (IVH) has remained high, no optimal strategy has been established to prevent it. This study included preterm newborns born at a gestational age of < 32 weeks admitted to the neonatal intensive care unit of a tertiary hospital between January 2013 and June 2022. Infants who had been observed for less than 24 h were excluded.

Managing Interfacial Defects and Charge-Carriers Dynamics by a Cesium-Doped SnO for Air Stable Perovskite Solar Cells.

A high-quality nanostructured tin oxide (SnO) has garnered massive attention as an electron transport layer (ETL) for efficient perovskite solar cells (PSCs). SnO is considered the most effective alternative to titanium oxide (TiO) as ETL because of its low-temperature processing and promising optical and electrical characteristics. However, some essential modifications are still required to further improve the intrinsic characteristics of SnO, such as mismatch band alignments, charge extraction, transportation, conductivity, and interfacial recombination losses.

Individualized estimation of arterial carbon dioxide partial pressure using machine learning in children receiving mechanical ventilation.

Background: Measuring arterial partial pressure of carbon dioxide (PaCO) is crucial for proper mechanical ventilation, but the current sampling method is invasive. End-tidal carbon dioxide (EtCO) has been used as a surrogate, which can be measured non-invasively, but its limited accuracy is due to ventilation-perfusion mismatch. This study aimed to develop a non-invasive PaCO estimation model using machine learning.

Addressing desaturation in a tracheal stenosis patient using the transnasal humidified rapid-insufflation ventilatory exchange technique during tracheostomy: A case report.

Rationale: Transnasal humidified rapid-insufflation ventilatory exchange (THRIVE) is used in tracheostomy but not in cases of airway obstruction. This case report explores the use of THRIVE for managing airway obstruction during tracheostomy in patients with subglottic and tracheal stenosis, thereby addressing the current knowledge gap and exploring its potential for airway management.

Patient Concerns: A 63-year-old female with subglottic and tracheal stenoses underwent tracheostomy.

Remimazolam Induction in a Patient with Super-Super Obesity and Obstructive Sleep Apnea: A Case Report.

: With the rising prevalence of obesity, anesthesiologists are expected to increasingly encounter patients with obesity, which poses challenges for anesthetic management. The use of remimazolam, an intravenous anesthetic agent approved in 2020, may be beneficial in these patients. However, its use in patients with super-super obesity remains underexplored.

Hemophagocytic Lymphohistiocytosis as Initial Presentation of Malignancy in Pediatric Patients: Rare but Not to Be Ignored.

It is complicated to establish a consensus on the management and diagnosis of malignancy-triggered hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (M-HLH) in children, as an initial presentation of malignancy is complicated. In this paper, we analyze the clinical characteristics and outcomes of eight pediatric patients in which M-HLH was the initial presentation of malignancy. All patients had hematologic malignancies: three subcutaneous panniculitis-like T-cell lymphomas, two acute lymphoblastic leukemias, two anaplastic large cell lymphomas, and a systemic EBV + T-cell lymphoma of childhood.

Oxaliplatin-loaded chemically cross-linked hydrogels for prevention of postoperative abdominal adhesion and colorectal cancer therapy.

Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the third most commonly diagnosed cancer among both men and women worldwide. New therapeutic strategies involving cytoreductive surgery and intra-peritoneal chemotherapy could lead to a definitive cure in some cases. However, postoperative intra-abdominal adhesion can cause further complications.

Growth of Silver Nanowires from Controlled Silver Chloride Seeds and Their Application for Fluorescence Enhancement Based on Localized Surface Plasmon Resonance.

A "Polyol" method has granted low-cost and facile process-controllability for silver-nanowire (Ag-NW) synthesis. Although homogenous and heterogeneous nucleation and growth during Ag-NW synthesis are possible using polyol methods, heterogeneous nucleation and growth of Ag NW guarantees highly selective growth of nanostructures using silver chloride (AgCl) seeds, which provides a stable source of chloride ions (Cl-) and thermodynamic reversibility. In this paper, a microdroplet has been adopted to synthesize uniform AgCl seeds with different diameter that are used for seed-mediated Ag-NW synthesis.