Drug Development.

Background: Senile dementia (SD) is a deteriorative organic brain disorder and it comprises Alzheimer's disease (AD) as a major variant. SD is shown impairment of mental capacities whereas AD is degeneration of neurons. According to World Health Organization (WHO) report; more than 55 million peoples have dementia and it is raising 10 million new cases every year.

Drug Development.

Background: Elevation of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) tau is a feature of Alzheimer's disease (AD) and is being explored as a biomarker of AD and other tauopathies. The aim of this study was to elucidate the in vivo effects of DA-7503, a potent and selective tau aggregation inhibitor, and its pharmacodynamics on CSF tau in transgenic mouse models of Alzheimer's disease and primary tauopathies.

Method: TauP301L-BiFC mice expressing full-length human tau with the P301L mutation were orally administrated with DA-7503 for 1 month.

Drug Development.

Background: Gut microbiota modulation of the brain function may present an opportunity to devise preventive or treatment strategies to manage impairments such as cognitive frailty (CF). This study aims to uncover the relationship between CF, gut microbiota, intestinal permeability and proteome.

Method: A total of 137 fecal samples of the elderly were collected, and subjected to DNA analysis, and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISA).

Evaluation of the Patient Global Impression of Symptom Severity (PGISS) Score as a Subjective and Objective Measure of Disease Activity in Chronic Rhinosinusitis.

Background: The Sino-nasal Outcome Test (SNOT-22) is a 22-question survey that is utilized to evaluate health-related quality of life of patients with chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS). The Patient Global Impression Symptom Severity (PGISS) is a similar yet versatile instrument that combines features of both a Likert scale and a visual analog to assess symptom severity in CRS patients. While previous studies have evaluated the validity of SNOT-22 as an instrument to measure CRS patients' symptom severity, no studies have evaluated PGISS scale's ability to evaluate and guide treatment plans for CRS patients.

Dementia Care Practice.

Background: Boosting shared decision-making (SDM) for individuals with dementia is a critical aspect of patient-centered care. This collaborative approach respects the autonomy and dignity of patients, even when they face challenges in communication or decision-making due to their medical condition. Understanding patients' values and preferences may be central to a successful SDM process.

Efficacy and Renal Safety of Protocol-based 11.7% Hypertonic Saline Infusion Compared with 20% Mannitol in Patients with Elevated Intracranial Pressure: A Study Protocol for a Randomized Clinical Trial.

Background: Elevated intracranial pressure (ICP) is a potentially life-threatening condition requiring prompt intervention. While both mannitol and hypertonic saline (HTS) are commonly used hyperosmotic agents for treating elevated ICP, there is insufficient evidence comparing their renal safety profiles and overall effectiveness. This study protocol outlines a pragmatic randomized trial to compare protocol-based 11.

Radiofrequency Ablation for Recurrent Thyroid Cancers: 2025 Korean Society of Thyroid Radiology Guideline.

Radiofrequency ablation (RFA) is a minimally invasive treatment modality used as an alternative to surgery in patients with benign thyroid nodules, recurrent thyroid cancers (RTCs), and primary thyroid microcarcinomas. The Korean Society of Thyroid Radiology (KSThR) initially developed recommendations for the optimal use of RFA for thyroid tumors in 2009 and revised them in 2012 and 2017. As new meaningful evidence has accumulated since 2017 and in response to a growing global interest in the use of RFA for treating malignant thyroid lesions, the task force committee members of the KSThR decided to update the guidelines on the use of RFA for the management of RTCs based on a comprehensive analysis of current literature and expert consensus.

Neo-aorta reconstruction with retained stented patch in Norwood procedure after hybrid palliation of high-risk hypoplastic left heart syndrome: a case report.

Hybrid procedure of hypoplastic left heart syndrome, comprising ductus arteriosus stenting and bilateral pulmonary artery banding, is a good surgical option for initial palliative procedure for high-risk patients for Norwood procedure. However, ductal stenting may cause retrograde aortic blood flow obstruction. Furthermore, complete removal of stent while performing the Norwood procedure make the operation more difficult.

Self-Assembled Monolayer-Functionalized NiO Hole Injection layer for Improved Charge Injection in Quantum Dot Light-Emitting Diodes.

The development of quantum dot light-emitting diodes (QLEDs) represents a promising advancement in next-generation display technology. However, there are challenges, especially in achieving efficient hole injection, maintaining charge balance, and replacing low-stability organic materials such as PEDOT:PSS. To address these issues, in this study, self-assembled monolayers (SAMs) were employed to modify the surface properties of NiO, a hole injection material, within the structure of ITO/HIL/TFB/QDs/ZnMgO/Al QLEDs.

Deciphering the Coupling State-Dependent Transcription Termination in the Escherichia coli Galactose Operon.

The distance between the ribosome and the RNA polymerase active centers, known as the mRNA loop length, is crucial for transcription-translation coupling. Despite the existence of multiple expressomes with varying mRNA loop lengths, their in vivo roles remain largely unexplored. This study examines the mechanisms governing transcription termination in the Escherichia coli galactose operon, revealing a crucial role in the transcription and translation coupling state.

EBP1 potentiates amyloid β pathology by regulating γ-secretase.

The abnormal deposition of amyloid β (Aβ), produced by proteolytic cleavage events of amyloid precursor protein involving the protease γ-secretase and subsequent polymerization into amyloid plaques, plays a key role in the neuropathology of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Here we show that ErbB3 binding protein 1 (EBP1)/proliferation-associated 2G4 (PA2G4) interacts with presenilin, a catalytic subunit of γ-secretase, inhibiting Aβ production. Mice lacking forebrain Ebp1/Pa2g4 recapitulate the representative phenotypes of late-onset sporadic AD, displaying an age-dependent increase in Aβ deposition, amyloid plaques and cognitive dysfunction.

A high-fidelity CRISPR-Cas13 system improves abnormalities associated with C9ORF72-linked ALS/FTD.

An abnormal expansion of a GGGGCC (GC) hexanucleotide repeat in the C9ORF72 gene is the most common genetic cause of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) and frontotemporal dementia (FTD), two debilitating neurodegenerative disorders driven in part by gain-of-function mechanisms involving transcribed forms of the repeat expansion. By utilizing a Cas13 variant with reduced collateral effects, we develop here a high-fidelity RNA-targeting CRISPR-based system for C9ORF72-linked ALS/FTD. When delivered to the brain of a transgenic rodent model, this Cas13-based platform curbed the expression of the GC repeat-containing RNA without affecting normal C9ORF72 levels, which in turn decreased the formation of RNA foci, reduced the production of a dipeptide repeat protein, and reversed transcriptional deficits.

Impact of storage temperature and ultraviolet irradiation on rotavirus survival on food matrices.

This study investigated the survival of human rotavirus (HRV) on fresh beef, chicken, and lettuce stored at various temperatures, as well as the effect of UV-C exposure on HRV viability on these food surfaces. At 20 °C, the survival rate of three HRV strains (WA, 89-12C2, and DS-1) on beef, chicken, and lettuce decreased within 3 days, with the most significant reduction observed on beef. When stored at 4 °C, a significant reduction in HRV viability was observed by day 7, with the greatest decrease observed on beef, followed by chicken and lettuce.

Comparison of Brain Activation Between Different Modes of Motor Acquisition: A Functional Near-Infrared Study.

Background: Different modes of motor acquisition, including motor execution (ME), motor imagery (MI), action observation (AO), and mirror visual feedback (MVF), are often used when learning new motor behavior and in clinical rehabilitation.

Purpose: The aim of this study was to investigate differences in brain activation during different motor acquisition modes among healthy young adults.

Methods: This cross-sectional study recruited 29 healthy young adults.

Mortality of gastrointestinal cancers attributable to smoking, alcohol, and metabolic risk factors, and its association with socioeconomic development status 2000-2021: GI Cancer Mortality and Risk Factors.

Objective: Gastrointestinal (GI) cancers account for one-third of global cancer mortality, with nearly half being preventable. This study updates the global burden of GI cancers attributed to major risk factors: smoking, alcohol, and metabolic disturbances.

Methods: We utilized data from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2021 to examine trends in death and age-standardized death rates related to GI cancers caused by smoking, alcohol, high body mass index (BMI), and high fasting blood glucose (FBG) from 2000 to 2021.

Phenotype of Relapsing Myelin Oligodendrocyte Glycoprotein Antibody-Associated Disease in Children.

Background And Purpose: To determine the clinical phenotypes, relapse timing, treatment responses, and outcomes of children with relapsing myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein antibody-associated disease (MOGAD).

Methods: We collected the demographic, clinical, laboratory, and radiological data of patients aged <18 years who had been diagnosed with MOGAD at Seoul National University Children's Hospital between January 2010 and January 2022; 100 were identified as positive for MOG antibodies, 43 of whom experienced relapse.

Results: The median age at onset was 7 years (range 2-16 years).

Profiling of Anti-Signal-Recognition Particle Antibodies and Clinical Characteristics in South Korean Patients With Immune-Mediated Necrotizing Myopathy.

Background And Purpose: This study evaluated the diagnostic utility of an anti-signal-recognition particle 54 (anti-SRP54) antibody-based enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) as well as the clinical, serological, and pathological characteristics of patients with SRP immune-mediated necrotizing myopathy (IMNM).

Methods: We evaluated 87 patients with idiopathic inflammatory myopathy and 107 healthy participants between January 2002 and December 2023. The sensitivity and specificity of the ELISA for anti-SRP54 antibodies were assessed, and the clinical profiles of patients with anti-SRP54 antibodies were determined.

Cohort profile: Multicenter Networks for Ideal Outcomes of Rare Pediatric Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases in Korea (OUTSPREAD study).

Rare endocrine diseases are complex conditions that require lifelong specialized care due to their chronic nature and associated long-term complications. In Korea, a lack of nationwide data on clinical practice and outcomes has limited progress in patient care. Therefore, the Multicenter Networks for Ideal Outcomes of Pediatric Rare Endocrine and Metabolic Disease (OUTSPREAD) study was initiated.

Two pepper subclass II SnRK2 genes positively regulate drought stress response, with differential responsiveness to abscisic acid.

Sucrose nonfermenting-1-related protein kinase 2 (SnRK2) intricately modulates plant responses to abiotic stresses and abscisic acid (ABA) signaling. In pepper genome, five SnRK2 genes with sequence homology to CaSnRK2.6 showed distinct expression patterns across various pepper organs and in response to treatments with ABA, drought, mannitol, and salt.

Profiling epithelial viral receptor expression in amniotic membrane and nasal epithelial cells at birth.

Introduction: Children with wheeze and asthma present with airway epithelial vulnerabilities, such as impaired responses to viral infection. It is postulated that the in utero environment may contribute to the development of airway epithelial vulnerabilities. The aims of the study were to establish whether the receptors for rhinovirus (RV), respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) and severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) are expressed in the amniotic membrane and whether the pattern of expression is similar to newborn nasal epithelium.

controls wing developmental growth by targeting .

Tissue growth is controlled by various signaling pathways, such as the insulin/IGF-signaling (IIS) pathway. Although IIS activation is regulated by a complex regulatory network, the mechanism underlying miRNA-based regulation of the IIS pathway in wing development remains unclear. In this study, we found that the wing size of adult flies was negatively affected by miR-263b expression.

Comparative phenotypic and proteomic analysis of colistin-exposed .

Introduction: The emergence of colistin resistance threatens the treatment of infections.

Methods: In this study, in vitro development of colistin resistance was investigated using comparative phenotypic and proteomic analysis of ATCC 9027, its 14-day colistin sub-MIC exposed strain (Col-E1), and 10-day antibiotic-free cultured Col-E1 strain (Col-E2). Antibiotic susceptibility, morphology, virulence factors, and proteomic changes were assessed using disc-diffusion, agar-based, spectrophotometry, SEM, and iTRAQ-LC-MS/MS methods.

Niraparib as First-Line Maintenance Therapy in Patients with Stage III Ovarian Cancer and No Visible Residual Disease: AR1ZE Real-World Study.

Introduction: Niraparib was approved for first-line (1L) maintenance (1LM) treatment of patients with advanced epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC) following the PRIMA/ENGOT-OV26/GOG-3012 (PRIMA) trial. PRIMA was restricted to patients at higher risk of progression (excluded stage III EOC with no visible residual disease [NVRD] after primary cytoreductive surgery [PCS]). This retrospective study evaluated the potential impact of excluding stage III EOC with NVRD from PRIMA by assessing real-world treatment outcomes following 1LM niraparib monotherapy in this patient population.

Feasibility and acceptability for LION, a fully remote, randomized clinical trial within the VA for light therapy to improve sleep in Veterans with and without TBI: An MTBI2 sponsored protocol.

Sleep-wake disturbances frequently present in Veterans with mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI). These TBI-related sleep impairments confer significant burden and commonly exacerbate other functional impairments. Therapies to improve sleep following mTBI are limited and studies in Veterans are even more scarce.