A novel machine learning model for screening the risk of obstructive sleep apnea using craniofacial photography with questionnaires.

Study Objectives: Undiagnosed or untreated moderate to severe obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) increases cardiovascular risks and mortality. Early and efficient detection is critical, given its high prevalence. We aimed to develop a practical and efficient approach for obstructive sleep apnea screening, using simple facial photography and sleep questionnaires.

Cranial-first approach for laparoscopic extended right hemicolectomy.

Complete mesocolic excision and central vascular ligation with D3 lymphadenectomy are important surgical principles for improving oncological outcomes in colon cancer. The cranial-first approach is a colonic mobilization-first approach to radical right hemicolectomy, which has several advantages, including early feasibility assessment, safe dissection from surrounding organs, preestablished inferior margin of lymph node dissection, and revelation of the tangible anatomy of the tributaries of the gastrocolic trunk. This video demonstrates the cranial-first approach to radical right hemicolectomy in a 66-year-old man with locally advanced cecal cancer.

Communicative competence of generative artificial intelligence in responding to patient queries about colorectal cancer surgery.

Purpose: To examine the ability of generative artificial intelligence (GAI) to answer patients' questions regarding colorectal cancer (CRC).

Methods: Ten clinically relevant questions about CRC were selected from top-rated hospitals' websites and patient surveys and presented to three GAI tools (Chatbot Generative Pre-Trained Transformer [GPT-4], Google Bard, and CLOVA X). Their responses were compared with answers from the CRC information book.

Effect of prophylactic abdominal drainage on postoperative pain in laparoscopic hemicolectomy for colon cancer: a single-center observational study in Korea.

Purpose: This study aimed to evaluate the effect of prophylactic abdominal drainage (AD) in laparoscopic hemicolectomy, focusing on assessing postoperative pain outcomes.

Methods: Patients were categorized into two groups: those with and without AD (AD group vs. no-AD group).

Comparative analysis of different surgical approaches for recurrent inguinal hernia: a single-center observational study.

Purpose: Managing recurrent inguinal hernias is complex, and choosing the right surgical approach (laparoscopic open) is vital for patient outcomes. This study compared the outcomes of using the same different surgical approaches for initial and subsequent hernia repairs.

Methods: We retrospectively analyzed patients who underwent recurrent inguinal hernia repair at Seoul National University Bundang Hospital between January 2014 and May 2023.

Bone-targeted lipoplex-loaded three-dimensional bioprinting bilayer scaffold enhanced bone regeneration.

Clinical bone-morphogenetic protein 2 (BMP2) treatment for bone regeneration, often resulting in complications like soft tissue inflammation and ectopic ossification due to high dosages and non-specific delivery systems, necessitates research into improved biomaterials for better BMP2 stability and retention. To tackle this challenge, we introduced a groundbreaking bone-targeted, lipoplex-loaded, three-dimensional bioprinted bilayer scaffold, termed the polycaprolactone-bioink-nanoparticle (PBN) scaffold, aimed at boosting bone regeneration. We encapsulated BMP2 within the fibroin nanoparticle based lipoplex (Fibroplex) and functionalized it with DSS for bone tissue-specific targeting.

Foci-Xpress: Automated and Fast Nuclear Foci Counting Tool.

In the nucleus, distinct, discrete spots or regions called "foci" have been identified, each harboring a specific molecular function. Accurate and efficient quantification of these foci is essential for understanding cellular dynamics and signaling pathways. In this study, we present an innovative automated image analysis method designed to precisely quantify subcellular foci within the cell nucleus.

Different oncological features of colorectal cancer codon-specific mutations: Not codon 13 but codon 12 have prognostic value.

Background: Approximately 40% of colorectal cancer (CRC) cases are linked to Kirsten rat sarcoma viral oncogene homolog ( mutations. mutations are associated with poor CRC prognosis, especially codon 12 mutation, which is associated with metastasis and poorer survival. However, the clinicopathological characteristics and prognosis of codon 13 mutation in CRC remain unclear.

Electroconvulsive therapy and seizure: a double-edged sword?

Electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) is a widely used therapeutic option of drug-refractory psychiatric disorders. ECT treats psychiatric symptoms by inducing brief controlled seizures through electrical stimulation, but ECT does not generally cause prolonged seizures or epilepsy. However, several studies have reported cases of prolonged seizures after ECT.

Nicotinamide enhances osteoblast differentiation through activation of the mitochondrial antioxidant defense system.

Although the normal physiological level of oxidative stress is beneficial for maintaining bone homeostasis, imbalance between reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and antioxidant defense can cause various bone diseases. The purpose of this study was to determine whether nicotinamide (NAM), an NAD precursor, can support the maintenance of bone homeostasis by regulating osteoblasts. Here, we found that NAM enhances osteoblast differentiation and mitochondrial metabolism.

Effects of CYP2C19 genetic polymorphisms on the pharmacokinetics of lacosamide in Korean patients with epilepsy.

Objective: Many pharmacokinetic studies of lacosamide (LCM) have been reported, but no large-scale clinical study has been conducted on genetic polymorphisms that affect the metabolism of LCM. Therefore, we designed a pharmacogenetic study of LCM to explore the effect of genetic polymorphisms on serum LCM concentration. We evaluated the pharmacodynamic characteristics of LCM, including clinical efficacy and toxicity.

Neuropsychiatric symptoms and seizure related with serum cytokine in epilepsy patients.

Neuroinflammation contributes to epileptogenesis and ictogenesis. Various signals of neuroinflammation lead to neuronal hyper-excitability. Since an interplay between epilepsy, psychiatric comorbidities and neuroinflammation has been suggested, we explored psychiatric symptoms in epilepsy patients, and the relationship with neuroinflammation.

A Case Report of Varicella Zoster Meningitis as Co-Infection With Breakthrough COVID-19 in an Immunocompetent Patient.

There are several previous reports that infection or reactivation of varicella zoster virus (VZV) can occur after coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), which is caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2). Herein, we report a rare case of VZV meningitis in breakthrough COVID-19. An 18-years-old male visited the emergency room, presenting with a headache and fever of up to 38.

ROS-induced PADI2 downregulation accelerates cellular senescence via the stimulation of SASP production and NFκB activation.

Cellular senescence is closely related to tissue aging including bone. Bone homeostasis is maintained by the tight balance between bone-forming osteoblasts and bone-resorbing osteoclasts, but it undergoes deregulation with age, causing age-associated osteoporosis, a main cause of which is osteoblast dysfunction. Oxidative stress caused by the accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in bone tissues with aging can accelerate osteoblast senescence and dysfunction.

Excessive osteoclast activation by osteoblast paracrine factor RANKL is a major cause of the abnormal long bone phenotype in Apert syndrome model mice.

The fibroblast growth factor (FGF)/FGF receptor (FGFR) signaling pathway plays important roles in the development and growth of the skeleton. Apert syndrome caused by gain-of-function mutations of FGFR2 results in aberrant phenotypes of the skull, midface, and limbs. Although short limbs are representative features in patients with Apert syndrome, the causative mechanism for this limb defect has not been elucidated.

Alerting network alteration in isolated rapid eye movement sleep behavior disorder patients with mild cognitive impairment.

Objective: Mild cognitive impairment (MCI) was found in 30-50% of the isolated REM sleep behavior disorder (iRBD) patients. Furthermore, it is known that patients with Parkinson's disease have attention network defects. Given that iRBD is known to be the prodromal disease of α-synucleinopathies, our aim was to investigate whether there are attention network dysfunctions in iRBD patients following the presence of MCI.

Probing TGF-β1-induced cytoskeletal rearrangement by fluorescent-labeled silica nanoparticle uptake assay.

Cytoskeletal proteins are essential in maintaining cell morphology, proliferation, and viability as well as internalizing molecules in phagocytic and non-phagocytic cells. Orderly aligned cytoskeletons are disturbed by a range of biological processes, such as the epithelial-mesenchymal transition, which is observed in cancer metastasis. Although many biological methods have been developed to detect cytoskeletal rearrangement, simple and quantitative approaches are still in great demand.

Safety and efficacy of dietary supplement (gintonin-enriched fraction from ginseng) in subjective memory impairment: A randomized placebo-controlled trial.

Background: Gintonin inhibits β-amyloid production, increases acetylcholine level in the brain, and promotes neurogenesis. We evaluated the efficacy of gintonin-enriched fraction (GEF) in improving the cognitive performance in subjective memory impairment.

Methods: In this 8-week, randomized, assessor and participant blinded, placebo-controlled study, participants with subjective memory impairment but preserved cognitive function (Korean Mini-Mental State Examination [K-MMSE] score ≥23) were assigned to GEF 300mg/day or placebo.

High-Dose Diazepam Controls Severe Dyskinesia in Anti-NMDA Receptor Encephalitis.

Objective: Because there is no standard treatment to control dyskinesia in anti-NMDA receptor (NMDAR) encephalitis, we analyzed the therapeutic efficacy of high-dose diazepam in dyskinesia associated with NMDAR encephalitis.

Methods: We reviewed patients with NMDAR encephalitis with dyskinesia who were admitted to Seoul National University Hospital between November 2012 and July 2018. High-dose diazepam was administered orally or via a nasogastric tube 3-6 times a day.