Electrostatically optimized adapalene-loaded emulsion for the treatment of acne vulgaris.

Adapalene (AD) is an FDA-approved drug that shows good therapeutic efficacy for the treatment of acne vulgaris. However, due to its negative charge, AD cannot efficiently penetrate across the also negatively-charged skin membrane. This study is the first to assess the treatment of acne vulgaris using electrostatically optimized AD emulsions prepared using anionic AD with methoxy polyethylene glycol--poly(ε-caprolactone) (MC) as an anionic emulsifier coupled with a newly synthesized MC with different contents of an amine pendant-group (MC-[NH]) as a cationic emulsifier.

An injectable, electrostatically interacting drug depot for the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis.

To the best of our knowledge, no studies have yet examined the electrostatic interaction of polyelectrolytes with electrolyte drugs for the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Here, an injectable, electrostatically interacting drug depot is described. We prepared methoxy polyethylene glycol-b-poly(ε-caprolactone)-ran-poly(l-lactic acid) (MC) diblock copolymers with a carboxylic acid group (MC-C) at the pendant position.

Preparation of Biodegradable and Elastic Poly(ε-caprolactone-co-lactide) Copolymers and Evaluation as a Localized and Sustained Drug Delivery Carrier.

To develop a biodegradable polymer possessing elasticity and flexibility, we synthesized MPEG-b-(PCL--PLA) copolymers (PCLA), which display specific rates of flexibility and elasticity. We synthesize the PCLA copolymers by ring-opening polymerization of ε-caprolactone and l-lactide. PCLA copolymers of various compositions were synthesized with 500,000 molecular weight.

An Injectable, Click-Cross-Linked Small Intestinal Submucosa Drug Depot for the Treatment of Rheumatoid Arthritis.

Here, a click-cross-linked small intestine submucosa (SIS) drug depot is described for the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis (RA). To the best of the knowledge, there have been no studies related to the intra-articular injection of methotrexate (Met)-loaded click-cross-linkable SIS (Met-loaded Cx-SIS) for RA treatment. As the key objective of this work, injectable formulations of tetrazine-modified SIS (TE-SIS) and transcyclooctene-modified SIS (TC-SIS) are employed as drug depots.

Effects of elastic band exercise on subjects with rounded shoulder posture and forward head posture.

[Purpose] This study performed to investigate the effect of elastic band exercise program on the posture of subjects with rounded shoulder and forward head posture. [Subjects and Methods] The body length, forward shoulder angle, craniovertebral angle, and cranial rotation angle of participants (n=12) were measured before and after the exercise program. Furthermore, the thicknesses of the pectoralis major, rhomboid major, and upper trapezius were measured using an ultrasonographic imaging device.

Treadmill exercise facilitates synaptic plasticity on dopaminergic neurons and fibers in the mouse model with Parkinson's disease.

Exercise for patients with Parkinson's disease (PD) helps to alleviate clinical symptoms such as tremor, balance instability, gait dysfunction, and rigidity. However, molecular mechanism about effect of exercise is poorly unknown. In this study, we investigated effect of exercise in synapse and dendritic spine of nigrostriatal dopaminergic neurons on mice with PD.

Preparation and Evaluation of Dexamethasone-Loaded Electrospun Nanofiber Sheets as a Sustained Drug Delivery System.

Recently, electrospinning technology has been widely used as a processing method to make nanofiber sheets (NS) for biomedical applications because of its unique features, such as ease of fabrication and high surface area. To develop a sustained dexamethasone (Dex) delivery system, in this work, poly(-caprolactone-co-l-lactide) (PCLA) copolymer with controllable biodegradability was synthesized and further utilized to prepare electrospun Dex-loaded NS using water-insoluble Dex (Dex(b)) or water-soluble Dex (Dex(s)). The Dex-NS obtained by electrospinning exhibited randomly oriented and interconnected fibrillar structures.