Publications by authors named "Hye-Young Lee"

Haplotype-level allelic characterization facilitates research on the functional, evolutionary and breeding-related features of extremely large and complex plant genomes. We report a 21.7-Gb chromosome-level haplotype-resolved assembly in Pinus densiflora.

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Exosomes have garnered attention for use in bone regeneration, but their low activity, rapid degradation, and inaccurate delivery have been obstacles to their use in clinical applications. As such, there exists a need for an exosome-integrated delivery platform. Calcium silicate (Ca-Si) is considered one of the most promising bioceramics for bone regeneration because of its remarkable ability to promote hydroxyapatite formation, osteoblast proliferation, and differentiation.

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Lipid nanoparticle (LNP)-mRNA complexes are transforming medicine. However, the medical applications of LNPs are limited by their low endosomal disruption rates, high toxicity and long tissue persistence times. LNPs that rapidly hydrolyse in endosomes (RD-LNPs) could solve the problems limiting LNP-based therapeutics and dramatically expand their applications but have been challenging to synthesize.

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Background: Between July 2, 2021, and September 20, 2022, a Mycobacterium bovis outbreak occurred among exhibition animals at a zoo in the Republic of Korea. This study was conducted to assess the likelihood of M. bovis transmission to human contacts through a contact investigation and to implement preventive treatment for latent tuberculosis infection (LTBI).

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Background/objectives: Although iodine is essential for thyroid hormone production and controls many metabolic processes, there are few reports on the iodine intake of the population because of the scarcity of information on the iodine content in food. This study estimated the iodine intake of Koreans from brown seaweed, the major source of iodine in nature.

Subjects/methods: The dietary intake data from the recent Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (2016-2021) and the iodine content in brown seaweed were used for the estimation.

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5-Aminosalicylic acid (5-ASA) is recommended for managing ulcerative colitis. Common adverse effects associated with 5-ASA include gastrointestinal disorders, headaches, and skin rashes. Perimyocarditis induced by 5-ASA is a rare adverse effect, with only a limited number of cases reported.

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Article Synopsis
  • In March 2023, an alternative school in South Korea experienced a shigellosis outbreak, impacting 56 individuals and resulting in 12 confirmed cases, primarily among males and teachers.
  • The outbreak was linked to multidrug-resistant Shigella strains, particularly after missionary activities in Cambodia, revealing challenges like delayed pathogen identification and poor isolation compliance.
  • The study emphasizes the need for improved surveillance, educational efforts on prevention, and better monitoring of non-licensed educational institutions to manage such outbreaks effectively.
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Background: We examined factors contributing to the transmission of an acute respiratory virus within multi-use facilities, focusing on an outbreak of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) in a movie theater in the Republic of Korea.

Methods: This retrospective cohort study involved a descriptive analysis of 48 confirmed cases. Logistic regression was applied to a cohort of 80 theater attendees to identify risk factors for infection.

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Early and accurate detection of viruses in children might help prevent transmission and severe diseases. In this study, the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-COV-2) detection in children was evaluated using saliva specimens with a Proteinase K (PTK)-based RNA preparation, as saliva collection is a simple and noninvasive procedure, even in young children, with fewer concerns about sample contamination. The saliva-based PTK and the conventional paired nasopharyngeal aspiration (NPA)-based detection methods were compared between COVID-19-positive and -negative children.

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Transient and rapid increase in cytosolic Ca plays a crucial role in plant-pathogen-associated molecular pattern (PAMP)-triggered immunity (PTI). Cyclic nucleotide-gated channels (CNGCs) have been implicated in mediating this Ca influx; however, their regulatory mechanisms remain poorly understood. Here, we have found that AVRblb2 requires the calmodulin (CaM) and calmodulin-like (CML) proteins as co-factors to interact with the NbCNGCs, resulting in the formation of AVRblb2-CaM/CML-NbCNGCs complex.

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Objectives: This study sought to uncover whether having a gastrointestinal (GI) hospitalist available during weekday daytime hours results in higher-quality medical care compared to care provided by a team of residents.

Methods: Our hospitalist GI team consisted of two gastroenterologists working weekday daytime hours and two physician assistants. The team of conventional care headed by thirteen professors, comprised twelve residents and eight physician assistants.

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Background: The number of confirmed cases of individuals with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection increased rapidly due to the Omicron variant. Correctional facilities are vulnerable to infectious diseases, and they introduced rapid antigen tests (RATs) to allow for early detection and rapid response. We aimed to evaluate the diagnostic performance and usefulness of SARS-CoV-2 RATs in newly incarcerated people.

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Skeletal muscle wasting related to aging or pathological conditions is critically associated with the increased incidence and prevalence of secondary diseases including cardiovascular diseases, metabolic syndromes, and chronic inflammations. Much effort is made to develop agents to enhance muscle metabolism and function. (.

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Neurological disorders are often debilitating conditions with no cure. The majority of current therapies are palliative rather than disease-modifying; therefore, new strategies for treating neurological disorders are greatly needed. mRNA-based therapeutics have great potential for treating such neurological disorders; however, challenges with delivery have limited their clinical potential.

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Plant nucleotide-binding domain leucine-rich-repeat receptor (NLR) confers disease resistance to various pathogens by recognizing effectors derived from the pathogen. Previous studies have shown that overexpression of the CC domain in several NLRs triggers cell death, implying that the CC domain plays an important role as a signaling module. However, how CC domain transduces immune signals remains largely unknown.

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Article Synopsis
  • The study analyzed the contact tracing outcomes of three Omicron sub-lineages (BA.4, BA.5, BA.2.75) in South Korea to gather essential data for future variant responses.
  • A total of 79 BA.4, 396 BA.5, and 152 BA.2.75 cases were investigated, revealing varying instances within specific timeframes, with only one severe case reported for BA.5 and none for the others.
  • The secondary attack risk among household contacts was found to be similar across the sub-lineages, indicating no significant differences in transmissibility or severity, prompting continued monitoring and improvements in disease control efforts.
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Importance: Women who undergo surgical hysterectomy before natural menopause may have an earlier increase in hematocrit and storage iron levels than those who continue menstruation, thereby increasing the risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD) at ages younger than usually seen. Examining this issue may provide important implications for women's cardiovascular health to both physicians and patients.

Objective: To evaluate the association of hysterectomy with the risk of incident CVD among women before age 50 years.

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Article Synopsis
  • * It found that aerobic bacteria counts varied, with the highest percentage at 3.01-4.00 log CFU/cm, and identified common pathogens, such as Salmonella, in 11.5% of the carcasses.
  • * The research revealed diverse strains of bacteria across different slaughterhouses, emphasizing the need for continuous monitoring to enhance the microbiological safety of pig products.
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Phosphorylation state-dependent interactions of the phosphoenolpyruvate (PEP):carbohydrate phosphotransferase system (PTS) components with transcription factors play a key role in carbon catabolite repression (CCR) by glucose in bacteria. Glucose inhibits the PTS-dependent transport of fructose and is preferred over fructose in Vibrio cholerae, but the mechanism is unknown. We have recently shown that, contrary to Escherichia coli, the fructose-dependent transcriptional regulator FruR acts as an activator of the fru operon in V.

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The DAMA/LIBRA collaboration has reported the observation of an annual modulation in the event rate that has been attributed to dark matter interactions over the last two decades. However, even though tremendous efforts to detect similar dark matter interactions were pursued, no definitive evidence has been observed to corroborate the DAMA/LIBRA signal. Many studies assuming various dark matter models have attempted to reconcile DAMA/LIBRA's modulation signals and null results from other experiments, however no clear conclusion can be drawn.

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Article Synopsis
  • Pfizer's Paxlovid was found to significantly reduce hospitalization and death risks for patients with COVID-19 as announced on November 5, 2021.
  • In a study involving over 2,200 individuals in South Korea during the Omicron outbreak, Paxlovid was associated with a 51% lower rate of severe illness or death compared to those who did not receive the treatment.
  • Fully vaccinated individuals (three doses) had even better outcomes, with a 71% reduction in severe illness or death, and a 65% lower death rate compared to unvaccinated patients.
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In this protocol, we describe steps to assess inflammation-induced cell response in cultured primary murine microglia through the analysis of fluorescent bead phagocytosis. We detail primary murine mixed glial cell culture preparation followed by microglia-specific isolation. Further, we describe treatment with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) to induce phagocytosis of fluorescent beads, followed by quantitative analysis using fluorescent imaging and Fiji - ImageJ software.

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Pathogen effectors can suppress various plant immune responses, suggesting that they have multiple targets in the host. To understand the mechanisms underlying plasma membrane-associated and effector-mediated immunity, we screened the Phytophthora capsici RxLR cell death-inducer suppressing immune system (CRISIS). We found that the cell death induced by the CRISIS2 effector in Nicotiana benthamiana was inhibited by the irreversible plasma membrane H+-ATPase (PMA) activator fusicoccin.

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Social learning in the forms of imitative and contagious behaviors are essential for learning abilities and social interaction. However, children with neurodevelopmental disorders and intellectual disabilities show impairments in these behaviors, which profoundly affect their communication skills and cognitive functions. Although these deficits are well studied in humans, pre-clinical animal model assessments of imitative and contagious behavioral deficits are limited.

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