Distribution of the intramuscular innervation of the triceps brachii: Clinical importance in the treatment of spasticity with botulinum neurotoxin.

This study aimed to identify ideal sites for botulinum toxin injection by analyzing the intramuscular nerve patterns of the triceps brachii muscles. A modified Sihler's method was applied to the triceps brachii muscle (15 specimens), with long, medial, and lateral heads. The intramuscular arborization areas of the long, medial, and lateral heads of the triceps brachii muscle were measured as a percentage of the total distance from the midpoint of the olecranon (0%) to the anteroinferior point of the acromion (100%), by dividing the medial and lateral parts based on the line connecting the midpoint of the olecranon and the anteroinferior point of the acromion.

Guidelines for Botulinum Neurotoxin Injection for Facial Contouring.

The hypertrophied temporalis and masseter muscles give a muscular shaped and bulky contour to the face. Botulinum neurotoxin injection methods are commonly used for facial contouring; however, adverse effects have been reported owing to a lack of delicate anatomical information. The anatomical considerations when injecting botulinum neurotoxin into the temporalis and masseter muscles were reviewed in the present study.

Hyaluronic acid filler injection for deep nasolabial folds: A novel intraoral approach.

Hyaluronic acid filler injection is a minimally invasive procedure for facial rejuvenation that involves injecting filling materials to correct the volume or augment specific areas in the face. Deep nasolabial folds are a common concern in aging people. The simplest way to correct a deep nasolabial fold to rejuvenate the face is to inject Ristow's space with hyaluronic acid fillers.

Anatomical consideration of deep calf veins: application to catheter-directed thrombolysis.

Purpose: An antegrade approach is frequently used in catheter-directed thrombolysis to remove deep-vein thrombosis. However, the antegrade approach is difficult when accessing veins with small diameters; therefore, understanding the variation of deep calf vein is important.

Methods: This study measured the diameters and surface areas of the proximal and distal posterior tibial vein, peroneal vein, and anterior tibial vein to determine which are preferable for venous access.

Perioperative and long-term complications among obese women undergoing vaginal surgery.

Objective: To determine whether obesity influenced the risk of perioperative and long-term complications in patients undergoing vaginal surgery.

Methods: Women diagnosed with pelvic organ prolapse who underwent vaginal surgery between March 1999 and May 2007 were classified into 3 groups: normal weight (body mass index [BMI, calculated as weight in kilograms divided by the square of height in meters] 18.5-23.

Pre-treatment neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio is elevated in epithelial ovarian cancer and predicts survival after treatment.

Purpose: Inflammatory cells can both suppress and stimulate tumor growth, and the influence of inflammatory cells on clinical outcome has been the focus of many studies. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of the neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio (NLR), a measure of the systemic inflammatory response, as an additional discriminative biomarker in epithelial ovarian cancer and to determine whether it predicts survival and recurrence.

Methods: We studied 192 patients with epithelial ovarian cancer, 173 with benign ovarian tumors, 229 with benign gynecologic disease, and 405 healthy controls.