Orexin administration to mice that underwent chronic stress produces bimodal effects on emotion-related behaviors.

Orexin plays diverse roles in regulating behaviors, such as sleep and wake, reward processing, arousal, and stress and anxiety. The orexin system may accomplish these multiple tasks through its complex innervations throughout the brain. The emerging evidence indicates a role of orexin in emotional behaviors; however, most of the previous studies have investigated the function of orexin in naïve animals.

Novel co-matrix systems for the MALDI-MS analysis of polystyrene using a UV absorber and stabilizer.

Co-matrix systems composed of a UV absorber and a UV stabilizer applied to the analysis of polystyrene (PS) using a matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization-mass spectrometer (MALDI-MS) equipped with a N(2) laser (337 nm) as the light source were investigated. Various UV absorbers such as Tinuvin 234, Tinuvin 326, Tinuvin 327, Tinuvin 328, Tinuvin 329, and Tinuvin 1577 and a UV stabilizer of Tinuvin 770 were used. Analytical results using the co-matrix systems were compared with those using anthracene-1,8,9-triol (DIT) as the most common matrix for PS analysis.