Effects of myeloid immune cells on the metabolic process of biomimetic bone regeneration.

Aims: As the process of bone regeneration is preceded by an inflammatory response, the immune system has long been considered important for fracture healing. Despite many studies on the contribution of immune cells to bone-related diseases, the role of immune cells in the regeneration therapy of lost bone is not well understood. In addition, various types of cells are involved in the clinical bone regeneration environment, but most of the osteo-biology studies are conducted in an osteoblast-only environment.

BMP-9 Improves the Osteogenic Differentiation Ability over BMP-2 through p53 Signaling In Vitro in Human Periosteum-Derived Cells.

Bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs) have tremendous therapeutic potential regarding the treatment of bone and musculoskeletal disorders due to their osteo-inductive ability. More than twenty BMPs have been identified in the human body with various functions, such as embryonic development, skeleton genesis, hematopoiesis, and neurogenesis. BMPs can induce the differentiation of MSCs into the osteoblast lineage and promote the proliferation of osteoblasts and chondrocytes.

Tiron Has Negative Effects on Osteogenic Differentiation via Mitochondrial Dysfunction in Human Periosteum-Derived Cells.

Tiron is a potent antioxidant that counters the pathological effects of reactive oxygen species (ROS) production due to oxidative stress in various cell types. We examined the effects of tiron on mitochondrial function and osteoblastic differentiation in human periosteum-derived cells (hPDCs). Tiron increased mitochondrial activity and decreased senescence-associated β-galactosidase activity in hPDCs; however, it had a detrimental effect on osteoblastic differentiation by reducing alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity and alizarin red-positive mineralization, regardless of HO treatment.