Clinical, Pathologic, and Imaging Variables Associated with Prostate Cancer Detection by PSMA PET/CT and Multiparametric MRI.

Multiparametric MRI (mpMRI) and prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA) PET/CT are complementary imaging modalities used in the presurgical evaluation of patients with prostate cancer (PCa). The purpose of this study was to characterize clinically significant PCa (csPCa) detected and not detected by PSMA PET/CT and mpMRI, focusing on tumors detected solely by PSMA PET/CT and overlooked by mpMRI. We conducted a single-center, retrospective analysis of patients who underwent both PSMA PET/CT and mpMRI within 3 mo of each other and before radical prostatectomy.

18F-FET PET/CT as a Diagnostic Tool for Brain Abscess.

A 49-year-old man presented with sudden right-sided weakness and seizure. Brain MRI identified a lobulated mass with diffusion restriction and irregular wall enhancement in the left parietal lobe. 18F-FET (O-(2-[18F]fluoroethyl)-l-tyrosine) PET/CT was performed, which identified a cystic mass in the left parietal lobe accompanied by FET uptake.

Bacterial extracellular vesicles affect endocrine therapy in MCF7 cells.

Background: : The microbiome is important in the development and progression of breast cancer. This study investigated the effects of microbiome derived from Klebsiella on endocrine therapy of breast cancer using MCF7 cells. The bacterial extracellular vesicles (EVs) that affect endocrine therapy were established through experiments focused on tamoxifen efficacy.

Lymphoscintigraphic Findings as Indicators of Lymphaticovenous Anastomosis Outcome in Patients With Extremity Lymphedema: A Retrospective Cohort Study.

Purpose: This study was performed to evaluate the usefulness of lymphoscintigraphy in predicting the surgical outcomes of lymphaticovenous anastomosis (LVA) in a patient with extremity lymphedema.

Patients And Methods: We retrospectively evaluated 133 patients with extremity lymphedema who underwent lymphoscintigraphy followed by LVA surgery from February 2018 to March 2020. Lymphoscintigraphic findings were evaluated on the following parameters: the extent of dermal backflow (small/large), lymphatic flow patterns (trunk flow pattern/proximal-restricted pattern/distal-restricted pattern), visualization of lymph nodes, and collateral lymphatic vessels.

Radioactive Iodine Treatment for Children and Young Adults with Thyroid Cancer in South Korea: A Population-based Study.

Purpose: This study investigated radioactive iodine treatment (RAIT) patterns and the secondary cancer incidence among children and young adults receiving RAIT after thyroidectomy for thyroid cancer.

Methods: This population-based cohort study used the Health Insurance Review and Assessment database of South Korea to identify a total of 18 617 children and young adults (0-29 years) who underwent thyroidectomy for thyroid cancer between 2008 and 2018. We recorded age at surgery, sex, the interval from surgery to RAIT, the doses of RAI, the number of RAIT sessions, and secondary cancer incidence.

Non-Polar KYC4048 Metabolites Exert Anti-Proliferative Effects via Inhibition of Wnt/β-Catenin Signaling in MCF-7 Breast Cancer Cells.

The Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway is involved in breast cancer and KYC4048 is a myxobacterial strain that can produce a variety of bioactive secondary metabolites. Although a previous study revealed that KYC4048 metabolites exhibit anti-proliferative effects on breast cancer, the biochemical mechanism involved in their effects remains unclear. In the present study, KYC4048 metabolites were separated into polar and non-polar (ethyl acetate and n-hexane) fractions via liquid-liquid extraction.

The impact of data-driven respiratory gating in clinical F-18 FDG PET/CT: comparison of free breathing and deep-expiration breath-hold CT protocol.

Background: Respiratory motion can diminish PET image quality and lead to inaccurate lesion quantifications. Data-driven gating (DDG) was recently introduced as an effective respiratory gating technique for PET. In the current study, we investigated the clinical impact of DDG on respiratory movement in F-FDG PET/CT.

Camphene Attenuates Skeletal Muscle Atrophy by Regulating Oxidative Stress and Lipid Metabolism in Rats.

Sarcopenia- or cachexia-related muscle atrophy is due to imbalanced energy metabolism and oxidative stress-induced muscle dysfunction. Monoterpenes play biological and pharmacological reactive oxygen species (ROS) scavenging roles. Hence, we explored the effects of camphene, a bicyclic monoterpene, on skeletal muscle atrophy in vitro and in vivo.

Blood pool activity on F-18 FDG PET/CT as a possible imaging biomarker of metabolic syndrome.

Association of blood pool (BP) and adipose tissue activity from F-18 fluorodeoxyglucose positron-emission tomography/computed tomography (FDG PET/CT) with the parameters of metabolic syndrome (MetS) and different MetS/obesity types were investigated. 245 subjects underwent FDG PET/CT scan for health check-ups were investigated retrospectively. Associations of BP (BP SUV: SUV, SUV), visceral (VAT SUV), and subcutaneous adipose tissue (SAT SUV) activity with parameters of MetS, body mass index (BMI), and lipid profiles were analyzed.

Metabolic changes in breast cancer on dual-time-point F-FDG PET/CT imaging according to primary tumor uptake and background parenchymal enhancement.

Objective: This study was aimed at investigating metabolic changes in breast cancer on dual-time-point F-FDG PET/CT imaging (DTPI) according to primary tumor uptake and determining whether this technique is affected by background parenchymal enhancement (BPE).

Methods: A total of 189 patients with newly diagnosed breast cancer who underwent DTPI examination were retrospectively evaluated. DTPI was performed using a standard FDG/PET protocol followed by delayed image acquisition at 120 min after injection.

Clinical Evaluation of (4S)-4-(3-[F]Fluoropropyl)-L-glutamate (F-FSPG) for PET/CT Imaging in Patients with Newly Diagnosed and Recurrent Prostate Cancer.

Purpose: (4S)-4-(3-[F]Fluoropropyl)--glutamic acid (F-FSPG) is a radiopharmaceutical for PET imaging of system x activity, which can be upregulated in prostate cancer. We present data on the first evaluation of patients with newly diagnosed or recurrent prostate cancer with this radiopharmaceutical.

Experimental Design: Ten patients with primary and 10 patients with recurrent prostate cancer were enrolled in this prospective multicenter study.

99mTc-RBC SPECT/CT for Duodenal Bleeding Point Detection.

This is a case of a 63-year-old man who presented with acute melena and low hemoglobin. Upper and lower gastrointestinal evaluations failed to localize the bleeding focus. Tc-RBC planar scintigraphy identified 2 sites of suspected bleeding in the lower abdomen area.

The Correlation of Salivary Gland Uptake Between 18F-FP-CIT PET/CT and Salivary Scan.

An 85-year-old woman visited our hospital with repetitive diarrhea, nausea, and anorexia, as well as aggressive behavior. The neurologist decided to perform dopamine transporter imaging (F-FP-CIT PET/CT) for accurate diagnosis, taking into account the potential adverse effects of L-dopa that the patient had been taking for a long time. The uptake of dopamine transporter in the bilateral basal ganglia was well preserved, but reduced uptake in the left parotid gland was incidentally detected.

Clinicopathological characteristics of primary central nervous system lymphoma with low 18F-fludeoxyglucose uptake on brain positron emission tomography.

Primary central nervous system lymphoma (PCNSL) typically shows a strong uptake of F-fludeoxyglucose (FDG) imaged by positron emission tomography (PET). Uncommonly, PCNSL demonstrates a low uptake on FDG PET. We investigated the clinicopathological characteristics of the unusual cases of PCNSL with low FDG uptake.

Real-world effectiveness of long-acting injections for reducing recurrent hospitalizations in patients with schizophrenia.

Background: The comparative effectiveness of antipsychotic long-acting injections (LAIs) and oral medication is not clear due to various methodological problems.

Methods: To compare the effectiveness of LAIs and oral antipsychotics in preventing readmission in patients with schizophrenia, we performed a within-subject analysis of data collected from 75,274 patients hospitalized with schizophrenia over a 10-year period (2008-2017). Readmission rates were compared according to medication status (non-medication, oral medication alone, and LAI medication).

Incidence, comorbidities, and treatment patterns of nontuberculous mycobacterial infection in South Korea.

Nontuberculous mycobacteria (NTM) are important pathogens in humans, and hospital-based studies have shown an increased incidence of NTM infection. However, little is known about the treatment pattern of NTM infection with respect to the number of cases per population in South Korea. This study evaluated the trends in the incidence of NTM infection, respiratory comorbidities, and treatment patterns in South Korea.

Association Between Pregnancy Outcomes and Radioactive Iodine Treatment After Thyroidectomy Among Women With Thyroid Cancer.

Importance: Current guidelines recommend that women delay pregnancy for 6 to 12 months after the receipt of radioactive iodine treatment (RAIT) following thyroidectomy for differentiated thyroid carcinoma. Although concerns exist regarding the risks associated with pregnancy after RAIT, no large-scale study, to date, has investigated the association between RAIT and pregnancy outcomes.

Objective: To investigate whether RAIT was associated with increases in adverse pregnancy outcomes among South Korean women who received RAIT after thyroidectomy for thyroid cancer and to evaluate the appropriate interval between RAIT and conception.

Impact of Housing Provision Package on Treatment Outcome Among Homeless Tuberculosis Patients in South Korea.

The objective of this study was to assess the effect of a housing provision package on treatment outcomes among homeless South Korean tuberculosis (TB) patients. We conducted a prospective, single-arm, community-based study with historical controls as follows: community-based intervention group (COM), who were provided housing, nutrition, and case management, and received directly observed therapy services; a first historical control that was treated as usual (TAU); and a second historical control that comprised homeless TB patients residing in long-term TB-care facility (FAC). A multivariable logistic regression model was constructed to identify predictors associated with treatment success among homeless TB patients.

Gene-environment interactions related to blood pressure traits in two community-based Korean cohorts.

Hypertension is a complex disorder caused by genetic and environmental risk factors. Recently, genome-wide association studies (GWASs) identified more than 100 genetic variants for blood pressure traits and hypertension. However, the interactions between these genetic variants and environmental factors have not been systematically investigated.

Early gonadotropin-releasing hormone antagonist protocol in women with polycystic ovary syndrome: A preliminary randomized trial.

Objective: To prospectively evaluate the efficacy and safety of a fixed early gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) antagonist protocol compared to a conventional midfollicular GnRH antagonist protocol and a long GnRH agonist protocol for fertilization (IVF) in patients with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS).

Methods: Randomized patients in all three groups (early antagonist, n=14; conventional antagonist, n=11; long agonist, n=11) received 21 days of oral contraceptive pill treatment prior to stimulation. The GnRH antagonist was initiated on the 1st day of stimulation in the early antagonist group and on the 6th day in the conventional antagonist group.

Real-world treatment patterns for patients 80 years and older with early lung cancer: a nationwide claims study.

Background: Old age is an important factor that could affect the treatment of early-stage lung cancer. In this study, we evaluated the treatment patterns and outcomes of patients over the age of 80 years who had been diagnosed with early-stage lung cancer in real-world practice.

Methods: Elderly patients who were diagnosed with early-stage lung cancer between 2008 and 2016 were identified using claims data provided by the Health Insurance Review and Assessment Service.

The likelihood of achieving pregnancy through timed coitus in young infertile women with decreased ovarian reserve.

Objective: To evaluate the pregnancy rate and time to pregnancy after timed coitus with or without superovulation in infertile young women younger than 35 years old with low serum anti-Müllerian hormone (AMH) levels (<25th percentile).

Methods: A total of 202 patients younger than 35 years old were recruited retrospectively between 2010 and 2012. Ninety-eight women had normal serum AMH levels (25-75th percentile), 75 women had low serum AMH levels (5th≤&<25th percentile) and 29 women had very low serum AMH levels (<5th percentile), according to reference values for their age group.

GAREM1 regulates the PR interval on electrocardiograms.

PR interval is the period from the onset of P wave to the start of the QRS complex on electrocardiograms. A recent genomewide association study (GWAS) suggested that GAREM1 was linked to the PR interval on electrocardiograms. This study was designed to validate this correlation using additional subjects and examined the function of Garem1 in a mouse model.

Predictors of live birth and pregnancy success after fertilization in infertile women aged 40 and over.

Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate pregnancy outcomes and the live birth rate at 1-year age increments in women aged ≥40 years undergoing fresh non-donor fertilization (IVF) and embryo transfer (ET), and to identify predictors of success in these patients.

Methods: This retrospective study was performed among women ≥40 years of age between 2004 and 2011. Of the 2,362 cycles that were conducted, ET was performed in 1,532 (73.

Neurological Complications during Treatment of Middle East Respiratory Syndrome.

Background And Purpose: Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS) has a high mortality rate and pandemic potential. However, the neurological manifestations of MERS have rarely been reported since it first emerged in 2012.

Methods: We evaluated four patients with laboratory-confirmed MERS coronavirus (CoV) infections who showed neurological complications during MERS treatment.