A big data analysis of fever threshold and vital sign characteristics using tympanic temperature in hospitalized patients.

This study aimed to analyze vital sign characteristics of adult patients admitted at the Tertiary Hospital, and to define fever threshold and average body temperature by examining the tympanic temperatures of all patients. Retrospective medical data were extracted from 9195 patients aged > 21 years admitted to a tertiary hospital for elective surgeries between 2016 and 2020. Data regarding the patients' vital signs during their hospital stay, including tympanic body temperature, heart rate, and respiratory rate, were analyzed according to age, sex, and circadian rhythm.

Author Correction: SLC6A20 transporter: a novel regulator of brain glycine homeostasis and NMDAR function.

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Long-term tactile hypersensitivity after nerve crush injury in mice is characterized by the persistence of intact sensory axons.

Traumatic peripheral nerve injuries are at high risk of neuropathic pain for which novel effective therapies are urgently needed. Preclinical models of neuropathic pain typically involve irreversible ligation and/or nerve transection (neurotmesis). However, translation of findings to the clinic has so far been unsuccessful, raising questions on injury model validity and clinically relevance.

Expression of Piezo2 in the Dental Pulp, Sensory Root, and Trigeminal Ganglion and Its Coexpression with Vesicular Glutamate Transporters.

Introduction: Information on the type of vesicular glutamate transporter (VGLUT) that is expressed in the Piezo2-positive (Piezo2+) neurons in the trigeminal ganglion (TG) and on the type of Piezo2+ axons and their distribution in the dental pulp is important for understanding dental pain elicited by mechanical stimuli and developing new therapeutic strategies.

Methods: We examined the expression of Piezo2 and its coexpression with VGLUT1 and VGLUT2 in rat TG, the sensory root, and human dental pulp using light and electron microscopic immunohistochemistry and quantitative analysis.

Results: VGLUT1 and VGLUT2 were expressed in the TG neurons.

Expression of Piezo1 in the Trigeminal Neurons and in the Axons That Innervate the Dental Pulp.

Information on the neurons and axons that express the mechanosensitive channel Piezo1 and its expression in axons innervating the dental pulp may help understand the nature of the Piezo1-mediated mechanosensation and the underlying mechanism of dentin sensitivity elicited by mechanical stimuli. For this, we here investigated the neurochemical properties of the neurons in the rat trigeminal ganglion (TG) and their axons in its sensory root that express Piezo1 and the expression of Piezo1 in the rat and human dental pulp by light and electron microscopic immunohistochemistry and quantitative analysis. Piezo1 was expressed mainly in medium-sized and large TG neurons.

Exploratory fall risk and preventive intervention in acute vestibular neuritis.

Objective: To analyze recovery from dizziness in patients with acute vestibular neuritis (AVN) after applying the "Dizziness & Fall Risk Assessment and Intervention (DFRAI)".

Methods: This prospective study involved patients with AVN who underwent a survey of dizziness and fall risk. The patients received medical treatment and customized vestibular rehabilitation, and vestibular function was evaluated at the initial attack and 3 months later.

Ablation of dynamin-related protein 1 promotes diabetes-induced synaptic injury in the hippocampus.

Dynamin-related protein 1 (Drp1)-mediated mitochondrial dysfunction is associated with synaptic injury in the diabetic brain. However, the dysfunctional mitochondria by Drp1 deletion in the diabetic brain are poorly understood. Here, we investigated the effects of neuron-specific Drp1 deletion on synaptic damage and mitophagy in the hippocampus of a high-fat diet (HFD)/streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic mice.

SLC6A20 transporter: a novel regulator of brain glycine homeostasis and NMDAR function.

Glycine transporters (GlyT1 and GlyT2) that regulate levels of brain glycine, an inhibitory neurotransmitter with co-agonist activity for NMDA receptors (NMDARs), have been considered to be important targets for the treatment of brain disorders with suppressed NMDAR function such as schizophrenia. However, it remains unclear whether other amino acid transporters expressed in the brain can also regulate brain glycine levels and NMDAR function. Here, we report that SLC6A20A, an amino acid transporter known to transport proline based on in vitro data but is understudied in the brain, regulates proline and glycine levels and NMDAR function in the mouse brain.

Nationwide Analysis of Mortality Rates and Related Surgical Procedures in Hearing Disability Patients in South Korea.

Background And Objectives: Hearing loss (HL) and its repercussions are major problems in today's society. There are limited data on the relationship between degree of HL and otologic disorders. The aim of this study is to estimate mortality rates, rates of sudden idiopathic HL and related otologic surgical procedures in hearing disability patients in South Korea.

The optimal and safe intensity for facial nerve stimulation during intraoperative neuromonitoring in middle ear surgery.

Objective: This study aimed to investigate the optimal and safe intensity for facial nerve stimulation during middle ear surgery.

Methods: Thirty-seven patients who had their facial nerve exposed prior to surgery were prospectively enrolled in this study, and electromyography (EMG) recordings were obtained from the orbicularis oculi and orbicularis oris muscles. Four pigs were also enrolled in an animal study, and continuous stimulation was performed on the facial nerves of the pigs for 10 minutes.

Decreased expression of type I (IFN-β) and type III (IFN-λ) interferons and interferon-stimulated genes in patients with chronic rhinosinusitis with and without nasal polyps.

Background: Little is known about antiviral responses in the sinonasal mucosal tissue of patients with chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS).

Objective: we investigated the presence of virus and the expression of Toll-like receptor (TLR) 3, TLR7, and interferon and interferon-stimulated genes (ISGs) in healthy mucosal tissue of control subjects and the inflammatory sinus mucosal tissue of CRS patients, and evaluated whether levels of interferons and ISGs might be affected by CRS-related cytokines and by treatment with macrolides, dexamethasone, or TLR3 and TLR7 agonists.

Methods: The presence of virus in the sinonasal mucosa was evaluated with real-time PCR.

Neutrophil extracellular traps in nasal secretions of patients with stable and exacerbated chronic rhinosinusitis and their contribution to induce chemokine secretion and strengthen the epithelial barrier.

Background: Neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) participate in innate immunity by trapping microorganisms. Their pathophysiological implications have not been defined in chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS).

Objective: We investigated the presence of NETs in nasal secretion of patients with stable or exacerbated CRS and evaluated whether NETs participate in the secretion of chemokines in sinonasal epithelial cells, the epithelial permeability, and transendothelial leucocyte migration, and elucidate whether NETs are released by macrolides and dexamethasone.

Primary sensory neurons expressing tropomyosin receptor kinase A in the rat trigeminal ganglion.

Tropomyosin receptor kinase A (trkA), a high affinity receptor for nerve growth factor (NGF), has been implicated in neuronal survival, neurite outgrowth and inflammatory pain. So far, the characterization of the primary sensory neurons that express trkA, and are thus potentially affected by NGF, has remained incomplete. The goal of this study was to investigate the trkA-expressing neurons and fibers in the rat trigeminal ganglion and its sensory root using light- and electron-microscopic immunohistochemistry and quantitative analysis.

Impact of germination on the structures and in vitro digestibility of starch from waxy brown rice.

The in vitro digestibility as well as the molecular and crystalline structures of waxy rice starches isolated from brown rice, germinated brown rice (GBR), ultrasonicated GBR, and heat-moisture treated GBR were investigated. The germinated brown rice starch (GBRS) had a lower average molecular weight and a higher proportion of DP 6-12 in amylopectin than brown rice starch (BRS). The relative crystallinity, intensity ratio of the band at 1,047 cm(-1) and 1,022 cm(-1), gelatinization temperature and pasting temperature of waxy rice starch were reduced by germination.

Rice varieties in relation to rice bread quality.

Background: It is difficult to predict rice bread quality only from the amylose content (AC) or dough characteristics of new lines produced by rice breeding programmes. This study investigated the AC relative to bread baking quality of rice varieties developed in Korea, and identified specific characteristics that contribute to rice bread quality.

Results: Manmibyeo, Jinsumi, Seolgaeng and Hanareumbyeo were classified as low AC, YR24088 Acp9, Suweon517, Chenmaai and Goamibyeo as intermediate AC and Milyang261 as high AC.

Effect of phenolic acids on the rheological properties and proteins of hard wheat flour dough and bread.

Background: The effects of different phenolic acids on the rheological properties and gluten proteins of hard wheat flour dough and bread were investigated. Caffeic, ferulic, syringic and gallic acids were each blended with hard wheat flour at a concentration of 4.44 µmol L(-1) g(-1) flour.

Antioxidant activity of hard wheat flour, dough and bread prepared using various processes with the addition of different phenolic acids.

Background: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of baking process on the antioxidant activity of different phenolic acids. Antioxidant potential was determined using the β-carotene-bleaching activity assay, and free phenolic acid levels were determined by high-performance liquid chromatography. Four phenolic acids, caffeic acid, ferulic acid, syringic acid and gallic acid, were mixed with wheat flour at a concentration of 4.