Improving diagnostic precision in amyloid brain PET imaging through data-driven motion correction.

Background: Head motion during brain positron emission tomography (PET)/computed tomography (CT) imaging degrades image quality, resulting in reduced reading accuracy. We evaluated the performance of a head motion correction algorithm using F-flutemetamol (FMM) brain PET/CT images.

Methods: FMM brain PET/CT images were retrospectively included, and PET images were reconstructed using a motion correction algorithm: (1) motion estimation through 3D time-domain signal analysis, signal smoothing, and calculation of motion-free intervals using a Merging Adjacent Clustering method; (2) estimation of 3D motion transformations using the Summing Tree Structural algorithm; and (3) calculation of the final motion-corrected images using the 3D motion transformations during the iterative reconstruction process.

Gastroparesis might not be uncommon in patients with diabetes mellitus in a real-world clinical setting: a cohort study.

Background: This study investigated the frequency of diabetic gastroparesis and associated risk factors in a real-world clinical setting.

Methods: This retrospective cross-sectional study included patients who underwent assessments of solid gastric emptying time (GET) by technetium-99 m scintigraphy between May 2019 and December 2020. We categorized patients into three groups according to gastric retention of technetium-99 m: rapid (< 65% at 1 h or < 20% at 2 h), normal (≤60% at 2 h and/or ≤ 10% at 4 h), and delayed (> 60% at 2 h and/or > 10% at 4 h).

The Adenylyl Cyclase Activator Forskolin Increases Influenza Virus Propagation in MDCK Cells by Regulating ERK1/2 Activity.

Vaccination is the most effective method for preventing the spread of the influenza virus. Cell-based influenza vaccines have been developed to overcome the disadvantages of egg-based vaccines and their production efficiency has been previously discussed. In this study, we investigated whether treatment with forskolin (FSK), an adenylyl cyclase activator, affected the output of a cell-based influenza vaccine.

Prognostic value of TLR from FDG PET/CT in patients with margin-negative stage IB and IIA non-small cell lung cancer.

Objectives: To evaluate the prognostic value of TLR from PET/CT in patients with resection margin-negative stage IB and IIA non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and compare high-risk factors necessitating adjuvant treatment (AT).

Methods: Consecutive FDG PET/CT scans performed for the initial staging of NSCLC stage IB and IIA were retrospectively reviewed. The maximum standardized uptake value (SUVmax) of the primary tumor and mean SUV of the liver were acquired.

Prognostic impact of F-FDG PET/CT in pathologic stage II invasive ductal carcinoma of the breast: re-illuminating the value of PET/CT in intermediate-risk breast cancer.

Background: The aim of this study is to investigate the impact of F-FDG PET/CT on prognosis of stage II invasive ductal carcinoma (IDC) of the breast primarily treated with surgery.

Methods: The clinical records of 297 consecutive IDC with preoperative PET/CT and pathologically staged II in surgery from 2013 to 2017 were retrospectively reviewed. The maximum standardized uptake value (SUVmax), peak standardized uptake value (SUVpeak), tumor-to-liver ratio (TLR), and metabolic tumor volume (MTV) were measured.

Predictive Value of F-Fluorodeoxyglucose Positron-Emission Tomography Metabolic and Volumetric Parameters for Systemic Metastasis in Tonsillar Cancer.

Although the prognosis of tonsillar cancer (human papillomavirus-positive oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma) is improving, disease control failure (distant metastasis) still occurs in some cases. We explored whether several 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) positron-emission tomography (PET) parameters can predict metastasis. We retrospectively reviewed the medical records of 55 patients with tonsil squamous cell carcinoma who underwent pretreatment 18F-FDG positron-emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT) followed by primary surgery.

Prognostic Impact of Total Lesion Glycolysis (TLG) from Preoperative F-FDG PET/CT in Stage II/III Colorectal Adenocarcinoma: Extending the Value of PET/CT for Resectable Disease.

We investigated the prognostic role of metabolic parameters from preoperative F-FDG PET/CT in stage II/III colorectal adenocarcinoma. A total of 327 stage II/III colorectal adenocarcinoma patients who underwent curative resection were included. The maximal standard uptake value (SUVmax), metabolic tumor volume (MTV), and total lesion glycolysis (TLG) were analyzed for optimal cut-offs and their effect on DFS.

Cognitive decline according to amyloid uptake in patients with poststroke cognitive impairment.

Background And Purpose: Poststroke cognitive impairment (PSCI) is common, but the impact of β-amyloid (Aβ) on PSCI is uncertain. The proposed study will investigate amyloid pathology in participants with PSCI and how differently their cognition progress according to the amyloid pathology.

Methods: This multicenter study was designed to be prospective and observational based on a projected cohort size of 196 participants with either newly developed cognitive impairment, or rapidly aggravated CI, within 3 months after acute cerebral infarction.

Clinical Characteristics and Outcome of Pathologic N0 Non-small Cell Lung Cancer Patients With False Positive Mediastinal Lymph Node Metastasis on FDG PET-CT.

Background/aim: Preoperative fluorine-18 fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography/computed tomography (FDG PET-CT) is a non-invasive and useful diagnostic tool to evaluate mediastinal lymph node (LN) metastasis in lung cancer. However, there are often false-positive LN cases in FDG PET-CT. This study aimed to explore the clinical characteristics and outcome of pathologic N0 non-small cell lung cancer patients with false-positive mediastinal LN on FDG PET-CT.

Feasibility of Iodine-131 6β-Methyl-Iodo-19 Norcholesterol (NP-59) Scintigraphy to Complement Adrenal Venous Sampling in Management of Primary Aldosteronism: A Case Series.

Purpose: Primary aldosteronism (PA) is mainly comprised of aldosterone-producing adenoma and bilateral idiopathic adrenal hyperplasia. Current guidelines recommend adrenal venous sampling (AVS) as a gold standard method to classify the subtypes. However, because of technical challenges in AVS including invasiveness of AVS and a wide range of success rate for cannulation, it is not uncommon that appropriate decisions could not be made depending on AVS.

Early Interim Chemotherapy Response Evaluation by F-18 FDG PET/CT in Diffuse Large B Cell Lymphoma.

Fluorine-18 fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) positron emission tomography (PET)/computed tomography (CT) after one cycle of standard chemotherapy in patients with diffuse large B cell lymphoma (DLBCL) was assessed. Prospectively enrolled 51 patients had four PET/CT studies using the same protocol and system: at baseline and after one, three, and six cycles of chemotherapy (PET0, PET1, PET3, PET6). The PET1 and PET6 Deauville five-point score (D5PS) agreed in 60.

KSNM/KSID/KOSHIC Guidance for Nuclear Medicine Department Against the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) Pandemic.

The dramatic spread of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) has profound impacts on every continent and life. Due to human-to-human transmission of COVID-19, nuclear medicine staffs also cannot escape the risk of infection from workplaces. Every staff in the nuclear medicine department must prepare for and respond to COVID-19 pandemic which tailored to the characteristics of our profession.

Role of F-18 FDG PET/CT in non-conjunctival origin ocular adnexal mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT) lymphomas.

Background: Despite the widespread use of F-18 fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography/computed tomography (FDG PET/CT) in the diagnosis and response assessment of patients with lymphoma, few studies have assessed its value in ocular adnexal lymphomas. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the role of FDG PET/CT in staging of non-conjunctival origin ocular adnexal mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT) lymphomas (OAML). In addition, the diagnostic sensitivity of FDG PET/CT was compared with magnetic resonance imaging (MRI).

The clinical value of F-18 FDG PET/CT in differentiating malignant from benign lesions in pneumoconiosis patients.

Objectives: We reviewed PET/CT findings of pneumoconiosis and determined the ability of PET/CT to differentiate lung cancer from progressive massive fibrosis (PMF), and metastatic lymph nodes (LNs) from underlying reactive LN hyperplasia.

Methods: This was a retrospective study of patients with pneumoconiosis and suspected lung cancer. Maximum standardized uptake value (SUVmax), long- and short-axis diameters (D and D), ratio of D to D (D), and Hounsfield unit (HU) from the lung mass and mediastinal LNs were measured.

CYFRA 21-1 in Lymph Node Fine Needle Aspiration Washout Improves Diagnostic Accuracy for Metastatic Lymph Nodes of Differentiated Thyroid Cancer.

Fine needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) and washout thyroglobulin (Tg) measurements are the standard for evaluating a metastatic lymph node (LN) in thyroid cancer. However, patients rarely benefit from these procedures due to false results. This study aims to identify a reliable biomarker that significantly improves the diagnosis of metastatic LNs, in addition to FNAC and washout Tg.

Heterologous prime-boost vaccination with adenoviral vector and protein nanoparticles induces both Th1 and Th2 responses against Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus.

The Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) is a highly pathogenic and zoonotic virus with a fatality rate in humans of over 35%. Although several vaccine candidates have been developed, there is still no clinically available vaccine for MERS-CoV. In this study, we developed two types of MERS-CoV vaccines: a recombinant adenovirus serotype 5 encoding the MERS-CoV spike gene (Ad5/MERS) and spike protein nanoparticles formulated with aluminum (alum) adjuvant.

Prognostic Value of Pre- and Post-Treatment FDG PET/CT Parameters in Small Cell Lung Cancer Patients.

Purpose: To evaluate the prognostic value of PET parameters obtained from pre- and post-treatment FDG PET/CT examinations in patients with SCLC.

Methods: Fifty-nine patients with initially diagnosed SCLC from 2009 to 2014 were included and had chemotherapy and/or concurrent chemoradiotherapy. FDG PET/CT examinations were performed before (PET1) and after (PET2) treatment to evaluate treatment response.

F-fluorodeoxyglucose uptake of hepatocellular carcinoma as a prognostic predictor in patients with sorafenib treatment.

Purpose: Sorafenib, an oral multikinase inhibitor, is a recommended treatment option available for patients with Barcelona Clinic Liver Cancer (BCLC)-C stage hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). This study aimed to evaluate the performance of F-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography (F-FDG PET) for predicting tumour progression during sorafenib treatment.

Methods: We formed a retrospective cohort comprising patients treated with sorafenib for at least 30 days and undergoing F-FDG PET/CT within 1 month before treatment.

Clinical utility of 18F-FDG PET/CT in low 18F-FDG-avidity breast cancer subtypes: comparison with breast US and MRI.

Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate the diagnostic performance of fluorine-18-fluorodeoxyglucose (F-FDG) PET/CT in initial axillary lymph node (ALN) staging and tumor recurrence in breast cancer subtypes with low F-FDG avidity in comparison with breast ultrasonography (US) and/or MRI.

Patients And Methods: A total of 491 PET/CT exams from 192 patients with biopsy-proven breast cancer subtypes with low F-FDG avidity were enrolled retrospectively. Nodal status on staging and locoregional recurrence or metastasis on surveillance was confirmed either by pathology or by further clinical follow-up.

Therapeutic Effect of Exogenous Truncated IK Protein in Inflammatory Arthritis.

Inhibitor K562 (IK) protein was first isolated from the culture medium of K562, a leukemia cell line. It is known to be an inhibitory regulator of interferon-γ-induced major histocompatibility complex class (MHC) II expression. Previously, we found that transgenic (Tg) mice constitutively expressing truncated IK (tIK) showed reduced numbers of pathogenic Th1 and Th17 cells, which are known to be involved in the development of rheumatoid arthritis (RA).

Correlation Between Infection Status of Epstein-Barr Virus and F-Fluorodeoxyglucose Uptake in Patients with Advanced Gastric Cancer.

Background: Epstein-Barr virus-associated gastric cancer (EBVaGC) is one of the four molecular subtypes of gastric cancer, as defined by the classification recently proposed by The Cancer Genome Atlas. We evaluated the correlation between EBV positivity and F-fluorodeoxyglucose (F-FDG) uptake by positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT) in patients with gastric cancer.

Materials And Methods: We retrospectively enrolled patients with gastric cancer who underwent pretreatment F-FDG PET/CT and subsequent surgical resection, and then were diagnosed with advanced gastric cancer (pathologic stage ≥T2 with any N stage).

F-18 FDG PET Findings for Vogt-Koyanagi-Harada Disease.

Vogt-Koyanagi-Harada disease is a rare multisystemic granulomatous autoimmune disorder affecting pigmented tissues such as the choroid, meninges, inner ear, and the skin. Neurologic symptoms are usually mild. Clinical manifestations include generalized muscle weakness, headache, meningismus, vertigo, decreased visual acuity, hearing loss and mental changes ranging from mild confusion to psychosis, hemiparesis, dysarthria, and aphasia.