Immediate-start peritoneal dialysis without break-in-period: an 18-year retrospective cohort study on patient survival.

Background: Immediate-start peritoneal dialysis (ISPD) is an effective renal replacement therapy that can prevent central venous catheterization due to its immediate initiation of peritoneal dialysis (PD) after catheter insertion without a break-in period. This study aimed to investigate the effect of ISPD on long-term patient survival.

Methods: In this retrospective single-center cohort study, 178 consecutive patients who started PD from August 2005 to March 2023 were enrolled, from whom 144 patients with ISPD were analyzed.

Antioxidant activity and contents of leaf extracts obtained from LEV are dependent on the collecting season and extraction conditions.

This study compared the antioxidant activity of extracts from () Levillis leaves. The concentrations of flavonoids and polyphenols were measured in extracts of leaves. The antioxidant activities were examined by ABTS and DPPH radical scavenging activity and ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP).