Development and validation of a prediction model for cardiac events in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma undergoing stereotactic body radiation therapy.

Purpose: To develop and validate a prediction model for major adverse cardiac events (MACE) in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) patients treated with stereotactic body radiation therapy (SBRT).

Methods And Materials: We retrospectively identified 1893 HCC patients who received SBRT at two institutions, with one serving as the development cohort (n=1473) and the other as the validation cohort (n=420). MACE was defined as any cardiac event classified as grade 3 or higher, according to the Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events, version 5.

Relationships between the Microbiome and Response to Neoadjuvant Chemoradiotherapy in Locally Advanced Rectal Cancer.

Purpose: This study aimed to investigate the dynamic changes in the microbiome of patients with locally advanced rectal cancer (LARC) undergoing neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy (nCRT), focusing on the relationship between the microbiome and response to nCRT.

Materials And Methods: We conducted a longitudinal study involving 103 samples from 26 patients with LARC. Samples were collected from both the tumor and normal rectal tissues before and after nCRT.

To Use or Not to Use: Temozolomide in Elderly Patients with IDH Wild-type MGMT Promoter Unmethylated Glioblastoma Treated with Radiotherapy.

Purpose: To identify a specific subgroup of patients among elderly glioblastoma patients aged 70 years or older with unmethylated MGMT promoters (eGBM-unmethylated) who would significantly benefit from the addition of temozolomide (TMZ) to radiotherapy (RT).

Materials And Methods: Newly diagnosed patients with IDH wild-type eGBM-unmethylated treated with RT were included in this multicenter analysis (n=182). RT dose was 45 Gy in 15 fractions (62.

Choosing Wisely Between Radiotherapy Dose-Fractionation Schedules: The Molecular Graded Prognostic Assessment for Elderly Glioblastoma Patients.

Purpose: This study aimed to develop a graded prognostic assessment (GPA) model integrating genomic characteristics for elderly patients with glioblastoma (eGBM), and to compare the efficacy of different radiotherapy schedules.

Materials And Methods: This multi-institutional retrospective study included patients aged ≥65 years who underwent surgical resection followed by radiotherapy with or without temozolomide (TMZ) for newly diagnosed eGBM. Based on the significant factors identified in the multivariate analysis for overall survival (OS), the molecular GPA for eGBM (eGBM-molGPA) was established.

A Life-Stage Approach to Precision Nutrition: A Narrative Review.

The concept of precision nutrition highlights the customization of nutrition to specific needs, emphasizing that a one-size-fits-all approach is not sufficient for either optimal nutrition or optimal health. Precision nutrition encompasses a range of factors, from broad strata of age and sex categories to personal characteristics such as lifestyle to an individual's unique genotype. This breadth of scope requires us to consider how precision nutrition can be implemented in an inclusive and appropriate way for individuals and groups within real-life populations.

Predictive value of primary tumor volume change during concurrent chemoradiotherapy in patients with unresectable stage III non-small cell lung cancer.

Background And Purpose: No established early biomarkers currently exist to predict responses during concurrent chemoradiotherapy (CCRT) in patients with unresectable non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). This study investigated the potential of gross tumor volume (GTV) and its changes during CCRT as predictors of survival outcomes.

Materials And Methods: We identified 227 patients with unresectable stage III NSCLC who underwent definitive CCRT followed by durvalumab between November 2018 and December 2022.

Comparison of Enlarged Perivascular Spaces in Early-Onset and Late-Onset Alzheimer Disease-related Cognitive Impairment: A Single Clinic-based Study in South Korea.

We examined whether there were differences in the presence of centrum semiovale-enlarged perivascular spaces (CSO-ePVS) and basal ganglia-ePVS (BG-ePVS) among patients with Alzheimer disease-related cognitive impairment (ADCI) based on their age of onset. Out of a total of 239 patients with cognitive impairment, 155 with positive amyloid-PET results were included. Among these, 43 had early-onset ADCI (EOADCI) and 112 had late-onset ADCI (LOADCI).

Cutaneous nerve distribution around first extensor compartment of the wrist: Clinical implications for ultrasound-guided injections.

Purpose: To evaluate the course of the cutaneous nerve regarding the first extensor compartment to determine whether the dorsal or volar approach is safer for local injection into the first extensor compartment guided by ultrasound.

Methods: We dissected the radial side of the wrists from 28 cadavers (52 wrists). Four-points along the imaginary line were set: the styloid process and 1 cm, 2 cm, and 3 cm proximal to the styloid process.

The Halophilic Bacterium for the Production of Poly(3-Hydroxybutyrate-co-3-Hydroxyvalerate) from Single Carbon Sources.

The study objective was to evaluate the potential production of polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHAs), a biodegradable plastic material, by for which PHA production has never been reported. To identify the most effective nitrogen-limited culture conditions for PHAs production from this bacterium, batch fermentation using glucose concentrations ranging from 4 g l to 20 g l with a fixed ammonium concentration of 0.5 g l was carried out at 30°C and pH 8.

Food Additive Solvents Increase the Dispersion, Solubility, and Cytotoxicity of ZnO Nanoparticles.

Zinc oxide (ZnO) nanoparticles (NPs) are utilized as a zinc (Zn) fortifier in processed foods where diverse food additives can be present. Among them, additive solvents may strongly interact with ZnO NPs by changing the dispersion stability in food matrices, which may affect physico-chemical and dissolution properties as well as the cytotoxicity of ZnO NPs. In this study, ZnO NP interactions with representative additive solvents (methanol, glycerin, and propylene glycol) were investigated by measuring the hydrodynamic diameters, solubility, and crystallinity of ZnO NPs.

Anatomical Relationship between the Inferior Temporal Septum and the Temporal Branch of the Facial Nerve for Clinical Applications.

Background: The inferior temporal septum (ITS) is a fibrous adhesion between the superficial temporal fascia and the superficial layer of the deep temporal fascia. This study identified detailed the anatomical relationship between the ITS and the temporal branch of the facial nerve (TBFN) for facial nerve preservation during temple interventions.

Methods: Among 33 Korean cadavers, 43 sides of TBFNs in temporal regions were dissected after identifying the ITS between the superficial temporal fascia and superficial layer of the deep temporal fascia through blunt dissection.

Consolidatory ablative stereotactic body radiation therapy after induction chemotherapy for unresectable pancreatic cancer: A single center experience.

Background And Purpose: Consolidatory radiotherapy in form of stereotactic body radiation therapy (SBRT) with an ablative dose following induction chemotherapy is emerging as a promising treatment scheme for unresectable pancreatic cancer. Outcomes of given treatment at a single center for contiguous patients with unresectable pancreatic cancer were evaluated to build the optimal treatment strategy.

Materials And Methods: In this retrospective study, a total of 50 patients with unresectable pancreatic cancer who underwent induction chemotherapy and ablative dose SBRT were included.

Volumetric changes in gray matter after radiotherapy detected with longitudinal magnetic resonance imaging in glioma patients.

Background And Purpose: We evaluated volumetric changes in the gray matter (GM) after radiotherapy (RT) and identified factors that were strongly associated with GM volume reduction.

Materials And Methods: A total of 461 magnetic resonance imagings (MRI) from 105 glioma patients treated with postoperative RT was retrospectively analyzed. Study patients' MRIs were collected at five time points: before RT and 1 month, 6 months, 1 year, and 2 years after RT.

Evaluation of Optimal Assessment Schedules for Surveillance After Definitive Locoregional Treatment of Locally Advanced Head and Neck Cancer: A Retrospective Cohort Study With Parametric Modeling of Event-Free Survival.

Importance: In clinical practice, assessment schedules are often arbitrarily determined after definitive treatment of head and neck cancer (HNC), producing heterogeneous and inconsistent surveillance plans.

Objective: To establish an optimal assessment schedule for patients with definitively treated locally advanced HNC, stratified by the primary subsite and HPV status, using a parametric model of standardized event-free survival curves.

Design, Setting, And Participants: This was a retrospective study including 2 tertiary referral hospitals and a total of 673 patients with definitive locoregional treatment of locally advanced HNC (227 patients with nasopharyngeal cancer [NPC]; 237 patients with human papillomavirus-positive oropharyngeal cancer [HPV+ OPC]; 47 patients with HPV-negative [HPV-] OPC; 65 patients with hypopharyngeal cancer [HPC]; and 97 patients with laryngeal cancer [LC]).

Are There Other Muscle Fibers on the Orbicularis Oris Muscle in the Upper Lip?

Background: The elevator muscles of the upper lip are the levator labii superioris alaeque nasi, levator labii superioris, and zygomaticus minor muscles, which function by means of their insertions into the skin of the upper lip. However, many textbooks and journal articles state that no muscle fibers are present on the orbicularis oris muscle in the upper lip. The authors attempted to determine whether there is a superficial muscle layer in addition to the orbicularis oris muscle in the upper lip.

Activation of the SigE-SigB signaling pathway by inhibition of the respiratory electron transport chain and its effect on rifampicin resistance in Mycobacterium smegmatis.

Using a mutant of Mycobacterium smegmatis lacking the major aa cytochrome c oxidase of the electron transport chain (Δaa), we demonstrated that inhibition of the respiratory electron transport chain led to an increase in antibiotic resistance of M. smegmatis to isoniazid, rifampicin, ethambutol, and tetracycline. The alternative sigma factors SigB and SigE were shown to be involved in an increase in rifampicin resistance of M.

Development of a Soil Organic Matter Content Prediction Model Based on Supervised Learning Using Vis-NIR/SWIR Spectroscopy.

In the current scenario of anthropogenic climate change, carbon credit security is becoming increasingly important worldwide. Topsoil is the terrestrial ecosystem component with the largest carbon sequestration capacity. Since soil organic matter (SOM), which is mostly composed of organic carbon, and can be affected by rainfall, cultivation, and pollutant inflow, predicting SOM content through regular monitoring is necessary to secure a stable carbon sink.

Lateral branches of the facial artery and its clinical implications.

The facial artery is the main artery supplying blood to the face and is known to have facial branches of the inferior labial, superior labial, lateral nasal and angular arteries. These known major branches of facial artery run medially, however, there are sometimes branches of the facial artery heading laterally. The purpose of the present study was to investigate the lateral branches of the facial artery in face.

Astragalin and Isoquercitrin Isolated from Suppress LPS-Induced Neuroinflammatory Responses in Microglia and Mice.

The current study investigated the anti-neuroinflammatory effects and mechanisms of astragalin (Ast) and isoquercitrin (Que) isolated from chamchwi ( Thunb.) in the lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-activated microglia and hippocampus of LPS induced mice. LPS induced increased cytotoxicity, nitric oxide (NO) production, antioxidant activity, reactive oxygen species (ROS), inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) expression, the release of pro-inflammatory cytokines, protein kinase B phosphorylation, and mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPK) phosphorylation in LPS-treated microglial cells.

Reducing target volume in definitive radiotherapy for human papillomavirus-associated tonsil cancer.

Background: To evaluate the efficacy and safety of reducing target volume in definitive radiotherapy for HPV-associated tonsil cancer.

Methods: A single-institution cohort of 90 patients with human papillomavirus (HPV)-associated tonsil cancer who received definitive radiotherapy with a 5-mm expansion from the gross tumor volume to clinical target volume between 2008 and 2019 were included. The overlapping volume of initial planning target volume and the recurrent tumor was calculated and categorized as one of three failure types: in-field: ≥95%; marginal-field: 50%-94%; and out-field: <50%.

Re-irradiation for recurrent or second primary head and neck cancer.

Purpose: To investigate the efficacy and safety of intensity-modulated radiotherapy (IMRT)-based re-irradiation (reRT) for recurrent or second primary head and neck cancer (HNC).

Materials And Methods: Patients who underwent IMRT-based reRT for recurrent or second primary HNC between 2007 and 2019 at two institutions were included. Medical records and dosimetric data were retrospectively reviewed.