Investigation of Bacterial Community Using 16s rRNA Amplicon Sequencing for Children with Otitis Media Effusion in Korea.

Background: Recently, microbiome of otitis media with effusion (OME) was investigated using high throughput sequencing (HTS) in children to discover unbiased causal bacteria and natural otitis media microbiomes. However, there are very few studies in the Asian population, and there are no studies in Koreans yet.

Methods: We investigated bacterial community of OME from 27 Korean children.

Usefulness of Routine Coagulation Tests in Healthy Children Undergoing Elective Minor Surgery: a 12-Year Retrospective Study.

Background: Although routine coagulation tests, such as prothrombin time (PT) and activated partial thromboplastin time (aPTT) are performed before surgery to identify the risk of perioperative bleeding, bleeding complications are rare in minor surgeries, and false-positive results are often observed. Therefore, this study aimed to analyze the common causes of abnormal results of preoperative coagulation tests in previously healthy children undergoing elective minor surgery and determine the usefulness of performing these tests. Additionally, it aimed to identify the distribution of factor XII activity in children with prolonged aPTT.

Antenatal Betamethasone Induces Increased Surfactant Proteins and Decreased Foxm1 Expressions in Fetal Rabbit Pups.

Antenatal steroid improves respiratory distress syndrome in preterm infants. The molecular mechanism of the process is not well established. The aim of this study is to investigate the possible association between antenatal steroid and fetal Forkhead box M1(Foxm1) expression.

Analysis of Pediatric Surgery Using the National Healthcare Insurance Service Database in Korea: How Many Pediatric Surgeons Do We Need in Korea?

Background: In the past, general surgeons (GSs) without a pediatric surgical subspecialty often performed surgery on children and, even now, GSs are performing many pediatric surgeries. We aimed to investigate the involvement of pediatric surgeons (PSs) and GSs in pediatric surgery, compare the outcomes of surgery in the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU), and estimate the appropriate PS workforce in Korea.

Methods: We used surgical data from the National Health Insurance Service database that was collected from patients under the age of 19 years in hospitals nationwide from January 2002 to December 2017.

Percutaneous Internal Ring Suturing for Indirect Inguinal Hernia in Pediatric Patients.

Many laparoscopic techniques have been developed to repair inguinal hernia in children using either an intraperitoneal or extraperitoneal approach. Percutaneous internal ring suturing (PIRS) is one of the extracorporeal suture techniques. It could be performed with comparable surgical complication or recurrence rates and excellent cosmetic results.

Laparoscopic Pediatric Inguinal Hernia Repair; Intracorporeal Purse-String Suture Using Needlescopic 2-mm Instruments.

Purpose: Two-millimeter needlescopic instruments induce minimal damage to the abdominal wall and have excellent cosmetic benefits. We aimed to evaluate the feasibility of a laparoscopic intracorporeal suture using 2-mm instruments for pediatric inguinal hernia.

Methods: We retrospectively reviewed 131 patients who underwent laparoscopic repair between March 2011 and February 2017.

Long-Term Outcomes of Renal Function After Adult Intestinal Transplantation at a Single Small-Volume Center: 2 Cases of Renal Transplantation.

Purpose: Renal dysfunction more frequently occurs after intestinal transplantation (ITx) than after heart, lung, or liver transplantation. We provide a clinical analysis of renal function after adult ITx.

Methods: We retrospectively analyzed 8 adult ITx patients who survived for at least 6 months between 2004 and 2018.

A natural compound, aristoyagonine, is identified as a potent bromodomain inhibitor by mid-throughput screening.

Bromodomain-containing protein 4 (Brd4) is known to play a key role in tumorigenesis. It binds acetylated histones to regulate the expression of numerous genes. Because of the importance of brd4 in tumorigenesis, much research has been undertaken to develop brd4 inhibitors with therapeutic potential.

Reconstruction of a large full-thickness abdominal wall defect with flow-through-based alt flaps: A case report.

An extensive 35 × 20 cm sized full-thickness abdominal wall defect was created after resection of aggressive abdominal fibromatosis in a 19-year-old male patient. Immediate reconstruction was not possible due to prolonged operation time and resulting severe bowel edema. A silicone sheet with NPWT was applied over the exposed viscera.

Cyclooxygenase-2 Inhibitor Reduces Hepatic Stiffness in Pediatric Chronic Liver Disease Patients Following Kasai Portoenterostomy.

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to define the role of cyclooxygenase-2 inhibitors (COX-2i) in reducing hepatic fibrosis in pediatric patients with chronic liver disease.

Materials And Methods: From September 2009 to September 2010, patients over 2 years old who visited our outpatient clinic for follow-up to manage their chronic liver disease after Kasai portoenterostomy for biliary atresia, were included in this study. Volunteers were assigned to the study or control groups, according to their preference.

Minimally invasive surgery in infants with congenital diaphragmatic hernia: outcome and selection criteria.

Purpose: The aim of the study was to determine clinical indications for performing minimally invasive surgery (MIS) with acceptable results by reviewing our experience in congenital diaphragmatic hernia (CDH) repair and comparing outcomes of MIS with open surgery.

Methods: Medical records of patients who underwent CDH repair were reviewed retrospectively between January 2008 and December 2012, and outcomes were compared between MIS and open repair of CDH.

Results: From 2008 to 2012, 35 patients were operated on for CDH.

Long-term outcome of left- vs right-sided antegrade continence enema.

Background/purpose: This study compared long-term outcomes of left- vs right-sided antegrade continence enema (ACE) procedures.

Methods: We retrospectively analyzed medical records and performed a follow-up telephone survey of patients who underwent the ACE procedure at Severance Children's Hospital between 1999 and 2011.

Results: A total of 49 patients underwent 51 ACE procedures.

Clinical characteristics and treatment of esophageal atresia: a single institutional experience.

Purpose: Treatment for esophageal atresia has advanced over several decades due to improvements in surgical techniques and neonatal intensive care. Subsequent to increased survival, postoperative morbidity has become an important issue in this disease. The aim of our study was to analyze our experience regarding the treatment of esophageal atresia.

Lessons and tips from the experience of pediatric robotic choledochal cyst resection.

Purpose: The laparoscopic surgery for a choledochal cyst in children is technically challenging because of its high degree of complexity despite its possibility. In an attempt to overcome this laparoscopic weakness and to facilitate the difficult steps in the minimally invasive surgery for choledochal cyst resection in children, we have performed the robot-assisted resection of the choledochal cyst. The aim of this study is to report lessons and tips obtained from our experience of the robot-assisted choledochal cyst resection in children.

Second serial transverse enteroplasty procedure in an infant with extreme short bowel syndrome.

The serial transverse enteroplasty (STEP) procedure is a novel technique to lengthen and taper the bowel in patients with short bowel syndrome. The advantages of STEP include not only technical ease and simplicity, but also the ability to repeat the procedure. Herein, we report a case of extreme short bowel syndrome that was successfully treated by the second STEP procedure.

Home intravenous antibiotic treatment for intractable cholangitis in patients with biliary atresia following Kasai portoenterostomies.

Purpose: Patients with biliary atresia (BA) treated with Kasai portoenterostomy may later develop intractable cholangitis (IC) that is unresponsive to routine conservative treatment. It may cause biliary cirrhosis and eventually hepatic failure with portal hypertension. Control of IC requires prolonged hospitalization for the administration of intravenous antibiotics.

Slide thyrocricotracheoplasty for the treatment of high-grade subglottic stenosis in children.

Background/purpose: The aim of this study was to describe our early experiences with a novel surgical procedure, "slide thyrocricotracheoplasty," for the treatment of high-grade subglottic stenosis in children.

Patients And Methods: A retrospective analysis was performed in 7 children who underwent slide thyrocricotracheoplasty for high-grade subglottic stenosis from 1996 to 2009.

Results: Three patients were male and four were female.

Clinical characteristics and treatment of perianal abscess and fistula-in-ano in infants.

Purpose: The aims of this study were to evaluate the clinical characteristics of perianal abscess and fistula-in-ano in infants and to identify factors that affected the clinical outcomes.

Method: The authors retrospectively reviewed the clinical data of 112 infants who were treated for perianal abscess and fistula-in-ano by a single pediatric surgeon from January 2006 to December 2008.

Results: All patients were male and the mean age of infants presented to our hospital was 6.

Spinal dysraphism with anorectal malformation: lumbosacral magnetic resonance imaging evaluation of 120 patients.

Purpose: We evaluated the prevalence of spinal dysraphism (SD) in patients with anorectal malformation (ARM) by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI).

Methods: From January 2002 to March 2009, 120 patients with ARM who underwent anorectal reconstruction were evaluated for SD with sacral plain film, spinal ultrasonography (US), and lumbosacral MRI. We adopted Krickenbeck international classification of ARM.

Agranular platelets as a cardinal feature of ARC syndrome.

We aimed to describe abnormal platelet morphology and its clinical significance in infants who were diagnosed with arthrogryposis renal dysfunction and cholestasis (ARC) syndrome. We collected all of the cases of ARC syndrome referred to a single pediatric referral center. In all patients, platelet counts and analysis of platelet morphology were performed with peripheral blood smear specimens.

Internal jugular vein deformities after central venous catheterisation in neonates: evaluation by Doppler ultrasound.

Aim: The use of a central venous catheter (CVC) through the internal jugular vein (IJV) in neonates is associated with various complications. We postulated that the risk of vein deformity after removing the CVC is underestimated. This study aimed to evaluate, using Doppler ultrasound, morphological changes in the IJV that had undergone CVC insertion during the neonatal period.

Hepatic fibrosis scan for liver stiffness score measurement: a useful preendoscopic screening test for the detection of varices in postoperative patients with biliary atresia.

Objective: Even after successful Kasai portoenterostomy, progressive hepatic fibrosis in postoperative patients with biliary atresia (BA) can be associated with portal hypertension and esophageal or gastric varices. Therefore, early diagnosis and close follow-up of varices are important. We investigated the correlation between the liver stiffness scores measured by FibroScan and the presence of esophageal or gastric varices to examine the usefulness of FibroScan as a preendoscopic screening test for varices.

Obstructive colitis proximal to obstructive colorectal carcinoma.

The term "obstructive colitis" refers to ulceroinflammatory lesions occurring in the colon proximal to a completely or partially obstructing lesion. It has been referred to by various terms in the literature. This entity differs from the carcinoma of the colon that complicates true ulcerative colitis where there is involvement distal to the neoplasm as well as proximal to it.