NADPH oxidase 1/4 dual inhibitor setanaxib suppresses platelet activation and thrombus formation.

Aims: The production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) by NADPH oxidase (NOX) is able to induce platelet activation, making NOX a promising target for antiplatelet therapy. In this study, we examined the effects of setanaxib, a dual NOX1/4 inhibitor, on human platelet function and ROS-related signaling pathways.

Materials And Methods: In collagen-stimulated human platelets, aggregometry, assessment of ROS and Ca, immunoblotting, ELISA, flow cytometry, platelet adhesion assay, and assessment of mouse arterial thrombosis were performed in this study.

Development of a media cell-free DNA direct digital PCR method for cell viability estimation.

Background: Accurate estimation of cell viability is crucial in various applications such as cytotoxicity testing and routine cell culture on both industrial and laboratory scales. For this, the real-time monitoring of cell status would be beneficial. Conventional cell-based assays for cell viability have limitations in sensitivity and time-effectiveness.

Use of a sample injection loop for an accurate measurement of particle number concentration by flow cytometry.

Flow cytometry plays a pivotal role in biotechnology by providing quantitative measurements for a wide range of applications. Nonetheless, achieving precise particle quantification, particularly without relying on counting beads, remains a challenge. In this study, we introduce a novel exhaustive counting method featuring a sample loop-based injection system that delivers a defined sample volume to a detection system to enhance quantification in flow cytometry.

Quantifying fluorescent nanoparticle uptake in mammalian cells using a plate reader.

In keeping with the rapid expansion of nanoparticle applications, various tools are required to investigate how nanoparticles interact with biological entities. Many assays have been developed to measure the cellular uptake of nanoparticles, but so far most of the methods are laborious and often non-quantitative. Here we developed an easily accessible and robust quantitative measurement method of the level of cellular uptake of fluorescently labeled nanoparticles using a plate reader.

Blockade of transforming growth factor β2 by anti-sense oligonucleotide improves immunotherapeutic potential of IL-2 against melanoma in a humanized mouse model.

Background Aims: IL-2 is a potent cytokine that activates natural killer cells and CD8+ cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs) and has been approved for the treatment of metastatic renal cell carcinoma and metastatic melanoma. However, the medical use of IL-2 is restricted because of its narrow therapeutic window and potential side effects, including the expansion of regulatory T cells (Tregs).

Methods: In this study, the authors investigated the complementary effects of transforming growth factor-β2 (TGF-β2) anti-sense oligodeoxynucleotide (TASO) on the immunotherapeutic potential of IL-2 in a melanoma-bearing humanized mouse model.

Antithyroid cancer effects of human neural stem cells expressing therapeutic genes on anaplastic thyroid cancer cells.

Stem cells that express therapeutic proteins have been identified to have an anticancer effects on various types of cancer. In the present study study, human neural stem cells (hNSCs) that were genetically engineered to express cytosine deaminase (CD) and human interferon-β (IFN-β) were used for anaplastic thyroid cancer (ATC) treatment owing to their tumor-tropic properties and therapeutic effects. CD is an enzyme that converts 5-fluorocytosine (5-FC), a prodrug, to 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) which is a medication to suppress tumor growth through DNA synthesis inhibition.

Antitumor Effect of Various Phytochemicals on Diverse Types of Thyroid Cancers.

Thyroid cancers developed from the tissues of the thyroid gland are classified into papillary (PTC), follicular (FTC), medullary (MTC), and anaplastic thyroid cancer (ATC). Although thyroid cancers have been generally known as mild forms of cancer, undifferentiated MTC and ATC have a more unfavorable prognosis than differentiated PTC and FTC because they are more aggressive and early metastatic. A variety of therapies such as surgery, radiotherapy, and chemotherapy have been currently used to treat thyroid cancer, but they still have limitations including drug resistance or unfavorable side effects.

Root bark of Ulmus davidiana var. japonica restrains acute alcohol-induced hepatic steatosis onset in mice by inhibiting ROS accumulation.

Alcohol-induced hepatic steatosis and inflammation are key drivers of alcohol-induced liver injury, mainly caused by oxidative stress. The roots bark of Ulmus davidiana var. japonica is well known for its substantial antioxidative and antitumorigenic potency.