Improving functional correlation of quantification of interstitial lung disease by reducing the vendor difference of CT using generative adversarial network (GAN) style conversion.

Objective: To assess whether CT style conversion between different CT vendors using a routable generative adversarial network (RouteGAN) could minimize variation in ILD quantification, resulting in improved functional correlation of quantitative CT (QCT) measures.

Methods: Patients with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) who underwent unenhanced chest CTs with vendor A and a pulmonary function test (PFT) were retrospectively evaluated. As deep-learning based ILD quantification software was mainly developed using vendor B CT, style-converted images from vendor A to B style were generated using RouteGAN.

A Pharmacokinetic and Bioavailability Study of Phlorotannins Following Intravenous and Oral Administration in Sprague-Dawley Rats.

This study examines the pharmacokinetics and bioavailability of phlorotannins from in rats following intravenous and oral administration. Known for their potent antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and many other bioactivities, these phlorotannins, particularly dieckol, 8,8'-bieckol, and phlorofucofuroeckol-A (PFF-A), were analyzed using high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with tandem mass spectrometry. Intravenous administration at 10 mg/kg allowed detectability in plasma for up to 36 h for dieckol and 8,8'-bieckol, but only 2 h for PFF-A.

Feeding a rich diet supplemented with the translation inhibitor cycloheximide decreases lifespan and ovary size in Drosophila.

Drosophila oogenesis has long been an important model for understanding myriad cellular processes controlling development, RNA biology and patterning. Flies are easily fed drugs to disrupt various molecular pathways. However, this is often done under poor nutrient conditions that adversely affect oogenesis, thus making analysis challenging.

Relationship between perception of body image on obesity and smoking status by age group in women: Findings of a seven-year Korean National Survey.

Introduction: This descriptive study examined the relationship between body image perception and smoking status among women aged 19-64 years in Korea, using data from the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES).

Methods: This study is a secondary analysis of data gathered from the KNHANES between 2014 and 2020, encompassing 12515 women aged 19-64 years. The final study group consisted of 742 current smokers (CS), 132 hidden smokers (HS), and 11641 non-smokers (NS).

Feeding a rich diet supplemented with the translation inhibitor cycloheximide decreases lifespan and ovary size in Drosophila.

oogenesis has long been an important model for understanding myriad cellular processes controlling development, RNA biology, and patterning. Flies are easily fed drugs to disrupt various molecular pathways. However, this is often done under poor nutrient conditions that adversely affect oogenesis, thus making analysis challenging.

Clinicopathologic and molecular characterization of stages II-IV gastric cancer with Claudin 18.2 expression.

Background: Claudin 18.2 (CLDN18.2) is a promising target for targeted therapies in gastric cancer (GC).

Clueless ribonucleoprotein particles display novel dynamics that rely on the availability of functional protein and polysome equilibrium.

The cytoplasm is populated with many ribonucleoprotein (RNP) particles that post-transcriptionally regulate mRNAs. These membraneless organelles assemble and disassemble in response to stress, performing functions such as sequestering stalled translation pre-initiation complexes or mRNA storage, repression and decay. Clueless (Clu) is a conserved multi-domain ribonucleoprotein essential for mitochondrial function that forms dynamic particles within the cytoplasm.

Assessment of Treatment Response in Patients With Severe Asthma Using Visual and Quantitative Analysis of Chest CT.

Objective: To evaluate the role of visual and quantitative chest CT parameters in assessing treatment response in patients with severe asthma.

Materials And Methods: Korean participants enrolled in a prospective multicenter study, named the Precision Medicine Intervention in Severe Asthma study, from May 2020 to August 2021, underwent baseline and follow-up chest CT scans (inspiration/expiration) 10-12 months apart, before and after biologic treatment. Two radiologists scored bronchiectasis severity and mucus plugging extent.

The textures of sarcoidosis: quantifying lung disease through variograms.

Objective: Sarcoidosis is a granulomatous disease affecting the lungs in over 90% of patients. Qualitative assessment of chest CT by radiologists is standard clinical practice and reliable quantification of disease from CT would support ongoing efforts to identify sarcoidosis phenotypes. Standard imaging feature engineering techniques such as radiomics suffer from extreme sensitivity to image acquisition and processing, potentially impeding generalizability of research to clinical populations.

Central Role of CT in Management of Pulmonary Fibrosis.

With the approval of antifibrotic medications to treat patients with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis and progressive pulmonary fibrosis, radiologists have an integral role in diagnosing these entities and guiding treatment decisions. CT features of early pulmonary fibrosis include irregular thickening of interlobular septa, pleura, and intralobular linear structures, with subsequent progression to reticular abnormality, traction bronchiectasis or bronchiolectasis, and honeycombing. CT patterns of fibrotic lung disease can often be reliably classified on the basis of the CT features and distribution of the condition.

Evaluation of retrieval accuracy and visual similarity in content-based image retrieval of chest CT for obstructive lung disease.

The aim of our study was to assess the performance of content-based image retrieval (CBIR) for similar chest computed tomography (CT) in obstructive lung disease. This retrospective study included patients with obstructive lung disease who underwent volumetric chest CT scans. The CBIR database included 600 chest CT scans from 541 patients.

Deep Learning Classification of Usual Interstitial Pneumonia Predicts Outcomes.

Computed tomography (CT) enables noninvasive diagnosis of usual interstitial pneumonia (UIP), but enhanced image analyses are needed to overcome the limitations of visual assessment. Apply multiple instance learning (MIL) to develop an explainable deep learning algorithm for prediction of UIP from CT and validate its performance in independent cohorts. We trained an MIL algorithm using a pooled dataset ( = 2,143) and tested it in three independent populations: data from a prior publication ( = 127), a single-institution clinical cohort ( = 239), and a national registry of patients with pulmonary fibrosis ( = 979).

Long-Term Follow-Up of Interstitial Lung Abnormality: Implication in Follow-Up Strategy and Risk Thresholds.

The optimal follow-up computed tomography (CT) interval for detecting the progression of interstitial lung abnormality (ILA) is unknown. To identify optimal follow-up strategies and extent thresholds on CT relevant to outcomes. This retrospective study included self-referred screening participants aged 50 years or older, including nonsmokers, who had imaging findings relevant to ILA on chest CT scans.

Generative Adversarial Network-Based Image Conversion Among Different Computed Tomography Protocols and Vendors: Effects on Accuracy and Variability in Quantifying Regional Disease Patterns of Interstitial Lung Disease.

Objective: To assess whether computed tomography (CT) conversion across different scan parameters and manufacturers using a routable generative adversarial network (RouteGAN) can improve the accuracy and variability in quantifying interstitial lung disease (ILD) using a deep learning-based automated software.

Materials And Methods: This study included patients with ILD who underwent thin-section CT. Unmatched CT images obtained using scanners from four manufacturers (vendors A-D), standard- or low-radiation doses, and sharp or medium kernels were classified into groups 1-7 according to acquisition conditions.

Therapeutic effects of phlorotannins in the treatment of neurodegenerative disorders.

Phlorotannins are natural polyphenolic compounds produced by brown marine algae and are currently found in nutritional supplements. Although they are known to cross the blood-brain barrier, their neuropharmacological actions remain unclear. Here we review the potential therapeutic benefits of phlorotannins in the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases.

Interstitial Lung Abnormalities at CT in the Korean National Lung Cancer Screening Program: Prevalence and Deep Learning-based Texture Analysis.

Background Interstitial lung abnormalities (ILAs) are associated with worse clinical outcomes, but ILA with lung cancer screening CT has not been quantitatively assessed. Purpose To determine the prevalence of ILA at CT examinations from the Korean National Lung Cancer Screening Program and define an optimal lung area threshold for ILA detection with CT with use of deep learning-based texture analysis. Materials and Methods This retrospective study included participants who underwent chest CT between April 2017 and December 2020 at two medical centers participating in the Korean National Lung Cancer Screening Program.

Photocrosslinkable natural polymers in tissue engineering.

Natural polymers have been widely used in scaffolds for tissue engineering due to their superior biocompatibility, biodegradability, and low cytotoxicity compared to synthetic polymers. Despite these advantages, there remain drawbacks such as unsatisfying mechanical properties or low processability, which hinder natural tissue substitution. Several non-covalent or covalent crosslinking methods induced by chemicals, temperatures, pH, or light sources have been suggested to overcome these limitations.

Image Turing test and its applications on synthetic chest radiographs by using the progressive growing generative adversarial network.

The generative adversarial network (GAN) is a promising deep learning method for generating images. We evaluated the generation of highly realistic and high-resolution chest radiographs (CXRs) using progressive growing GAN (PGGAN). We trained two PGGAN models using normal and abnormal CXRs, solely relying on normal CXRs to demonstrate the quality of synthetic CXRs that were 1000 × 1000 pixels in size.

Regioselective Synthesis of 6--Acetyl Dieckol and Its Selective Cytotoxicity against Non-Small-Cell Lung Cancer Cells.

Dieckol, a phlorotannin from , has shown potential for use as an anticancer agent that selectively kills cancer cells. However, it is necessary to amplify its potency without damaging its inherent safety in order to develop it as a competitive chemotherapeutic. Here, we explored the controlled -acylations of dieckol.

Interstitial lung abnormalities (ILA) on routine chest CT: Comparison of radiologists' visual evaluation and automated quantification.

Purpose: We aimed to evaluate the performance of a fully automated quantitative software in detecting interstitial lung abnormalities (ILA) according to the Fleischner Society guidelines on routine chest CT compared with radiologists' visual analysis.

Method: This retrospective single-centre study included participants with ILA findings and 1:2 matched controls who underwent routine chest CT using various CT protocols for health screening. Two thoracic radiologists independently reviewed the CT images using the Fleischner Society guidelines.

Artificial Intelligence in Lung Imaging.

Recently, interest and advances in artificial intelligence (AI) including deep learning for medical images have surged. As imaging plays a major role in the assessment of pulmonary diseases, various AI algorithms have been developed for chest imaging. Some of these have been approved by governments and are now commercially available in the marketplace.

Identification for antitumor effects of tramadol in a xenograft mouse model using orthotopic breast cancer cells.

In our previous research showed that tramadol having potential anti-tumor effect was associated with enhancement of oncological prognosis in patients with breast cancer surgery. As these effects have not been confirmed by clinical dose-regulated animal or prospective human studies, we investigated the anti-tumor effect of tramadol in vivo. Female nude mice orthotopically inoculated with luciferase-expressing MCF-7 cells, were randomly divided into the control (saline), tramadol group 1 (1.

Immunomodulatory Effects of Perioperative Dexmedetomidine in Ovarian Cancer: An and Xenograft Mouse Model Study.

Background: The surgical stress response (SSR) causes immunosuppression which may cause residual tumor growth and micrometastasis after cancer surgery. We investigated whether dexmedetomidine affects cancer cell behavior and immune function in an ovarian cancer xenograft mouse model.

Methods: The effect of dexmedetomidine on cell viability and cell cycle was assessed using SK-OV-3 cells at drug concentrations of 0.