Alcohol-associated liver disease - a current overview.

Alcohol-associated liver disease (ALD) remains a major and increasingly pressing concern in hepatology. ALD includes spectrum of conditions, each with unique diagnostic and therapeutic challenges. Excessive alcohol intake is a leading preventable cause of physical harm, including ALD.

The Critical Assessment of Oxidative Stress Parameters as Potential Biomarkers of Carbon Monoxide Poisoning.

In conventional clinical toxicology practice, the blood level of carboxyhemoglobin is a biomarker of carbon monoxide (CO) poisoning but does not correspond to the complete clinical picture and the severity of the poisoning. Taking into account articles suggesting the relationship between oxidative stress parameters and CO poisoning, it seems reasonable to consider this topic more broadly, including experimental biochemical data (oxidative stress parameters) and patients poisoned with CO. This article aimed to critically assess oxidative-stress-related parameters as potential biomarkers to evaluate the severity of CO poisoning and their possible role in the decision to treat.

Comprehensive Care after Myocardial Infarction (CCMI): Long-Term Investment in the Health of Polish Citizens.

The comprehensive care model after myocardial infarction (CCMI, in Polish: KOS-Zawał) has been in effect continuously since October 2017. Within the bundle of services financed by the Polish National Health Fund (NHF), patients receive a diagnosis, conservative and invasive treatment, early cardiac rehabilitation and follow-up visits for 12 months. The existing model of managing patients after myocardial infarction (MI) implements all crucial aspects of care recommended by the European Society of Cardiology (ESC), emphasised many times.

Knowledge about carbon monoxide poisoning among medical and non-medical students living in Kraków - questionnaire study.

O b j e c t i v e s: Accidental exposure to non-fire related carbon monoxide (CO) in young people is largely unquantified. Our aim was to estimate the possibility of exposure to CO and the awareness of intoxication in the population of students living in Kraków, one of the largest academic cities in Poland. M e t h o d s: Anonymous questionnaires about CO poisoning were distributed among medical and non-medical students living in Kraków.

Risk Factors for Hepatotoxicity Due to Paracetamol Overdose in Adults.

: Over-the-counter availability and a good safety profile make paracetamol one of the most common analgesics in developed countries but also the leading cause of liver failure due to overdose. The objectives of the study were to identify modifiable risk factors for severe hepatotoxicity following paracetamol overdose in adults. : A retrospective cohort study involved the consecutive adult patients hospitalized in a toxicological center over a period of seven years due to paracetamol overdose.

Readiness for Discharge from Hospital after Myocardial Infarction: A Cross-Sectional Study.

Myocardial infarction (MI) is a common cause of cardiovascular deaths. Education of patients with myocardial infarctions essential to prevent further cardiovascular events and reduce the risk of mortality. The study aimed to evaluate the associations between patients' readiness for hospital discharge after myocardial infarction, acceptance of illness, social, demographic, and clinical factors.

Association between cardiovascular disease, cardiovascular drug therapy, and in-hospital outcomes in patients with COVID-19: data from a large single-center registry in Poland.

Background: The coronavirus disease 19 (COVID-19) recently became one of the leading causes of death worldwide, similar to cardiovascular disease (CVD). Coexisting CVD may influence the prognosis of patients with COVID-19.

Aims: We analyzed the impact of CVD and the use of cardiovascular drugs on the in-hospital course and mortality of patients with COVID-19.

Eosinophilic airway inflammation is a main feature of unstable asthma in adolescents.

Background: Stability of asthma is a clinical phenotype of the disease based on long-term evaluation of control of asthma symptoms and its exacerbations. A relationship between airway inflammation and clinical classification of asthma based on stability criterion has not been well studied.

Objectives: The purpose of our study was to analyze the inflammation profile of stable and unstable asthma in adolescents treated with moderate and high doses of inhaled corticosteroids.

Fetal death associated with the use of 3,4-MDPHP and α-PHP.

Introduction: The second largest group of new drugs monitored by the European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction (EMCDDA) is synthetic cathinones. Substances that are controlled by the law are immediately replaced by new uncontrolled derivatives that cause constant and dynamic changes on the drug market. Some of the most recent synthetic cathinones that have appeared on the "legal highs" market are 3,4-methylenedioxy-α-pyrrolidinohexanophenone (3,4-MDPHP) and α-pyrrolidinohexanophenone (α-PHP).

Poisoning deaths in Poland: Types and frequencies reported in Łódź, Kraków, Sosnowiec, Gdańsk, Wrocław and Poznań during 2009-2013.

Objectives: The aim of this study has been to assess the characteristics of acute poisoning deaths in Poland over a period of time 2009-2013.

Material And Methods: The analysis was based on the data obtained from the patient records stored in toxicology departments in 6 cities - Łódź, Kraków, Sosnowiec, Gdańsk, Wrocław and Poznań. Toxicological analyses were routinely performed in blood and/or urine.

Cardiological aspects of carbon monoxide poisoning.

Aim: The aim of this study was to assess cardiological manifestations of carbon monoxide (CO) poisoning. Background/introduction: Carbon monoxide intoxication is one of the most important toxicological causes of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Early clinical manifestation of CO poisoning is cardiotoxicity.

Inflammatory markers as exacerbation risk factors after asthma therapy switch from inhaled steroids to montelukast.

Background: Asthma guidelines allow anti-leukotriene medications to be used as an alternative to inhaled corticosteroids (ICS) in second-step intensity therapy. The aim of the study was to analyze the risk factors of exacerbations, particularly inflammatory markers, during the 12-month period following therapy reduction from an ICS to montelukast in young patients with mild asthma.

Methods: A total of 84 patients (aged 7-18 years old) with mild asthma controlled by low-dose ICS, had their treatment switched to montelukast.

SERUM ANTIOXIDANT PARAMETERS IN PATIENTS POISONED BY DIFFERENT XENOBIOTICS.

There is a great diversity of the acute drugs overdose cases in clinical toxicology. Clinical situation is complicated by the coexistence of factors predisposing to the development of adverse drug reactions (chronic use of drugs, polypharmacy, alcohol or drugs dependence, nutritional disorders) and by the presence of chronic organ damage, especially the liver and the kidney. The aim of this study was to evaluate whether there are sensitive plasma markers belonging to the antioxidant system in patients exposed to various xenobiotics.

[The assessment of factors affecting acute ethanol poisonings clinical status in 1974-1975, 1984-1985 and 2011-2013].

Unlabelled: The aim of the study was an evaluation of clinical factors affecting relationship between ethanol concentration and clinical status in case of acute ethanol poisoning in the 70s and the 80s of the 20th century and 2011-2013 y. Ethanol blood concentration was a criterion of ethanol dose, grade of coma was a decisive factor of toxic effect.

Material And Methods: 112 patients treated at the Department of Clinical Toxicology Jagiellonian University Medical College in 1974-1975 y, 232 treated in 1984-1985 y and 663 treated in 2011-2013 y because of acute ethanol poisoning were analyzed.

[Poisonings with paracetamol, salicylates and dextromethorphan – problem evaluation based on data from Toxicological Laboratory and Poison Information Center in Krakow in 2010-2015].

The aim of the paper was to study frequency of laboratory determinations and toxicological information related to over-the-counter drugs (OTC): paracetamol (acetaminophen), salicylates and dextromethorphan. The research was based on data from Toxicological Laboratory and Poison Information Center UJ CM in Krakow in years 2010-2015. Paracetamol was determined averagely 102 times a year, more than 50% (57 cases) were positive with confirmation of poisoning.

[Cracovian clinical toxicologists international activity in last 50 years].

We present 50 years of scientific activity Depertment of Toxicology Jagiellonian University Medical Collage in Krakow on national and international arena. Scientific achievements are presented divided into thematic groups. The subject group covers a broad spectrum of research taking into account the epidemiology of poisoning, occupational and population exposure to chemical substances, specific toxicological problems like; diagnosis of poisoning, predicting the severity of poisoning, the implementation of appropriate treatment depending on the phase of intoxication and its severity, effectiveness evaluation diagnostic and treatment procedures, prevention and prophylaxis of poisoning.

[Evaluation of chemical compounds acute poisoning risk among Kraków inhabitants in 1966, 1983 and 2015].

The total number of out-patients and hospitalized poisoned patients above 14 years old in Krakow in 1966 was 520 and 2132 in 1983. The incidence of poisoning per 10 000 of Kraków population in 1966 was 25.0 and increased to 36.

Abnormal glucose metabolism in men with alcohol withdrawal syndrome.

Unlabelled: The aim of the study was to evaluate the glucose metabolism in patients suffering from ethanol withdrawal syndrome. The study group comprised 88 alcohol dependent men aged 21- 50 y (mean 39.18 years, SD ±7.

[Osteopontin level in the serum of patients with alcoholic liver disease, treated for alcohol withdrawal syndrome--a preliminary report].

Alcoholic liver disease (ALD) is consequence of alcohol addiction, that increase morbidity and mortality of those group of patients. Induction of the inflammatory process in alcohol injured liver is a turning point in ALD, can cause acute liver damage symptoms or cirrhosis with increase of hepatic fibrosis intensity and portal hypertension. Osteopontin (OPN)--a protein associated with early inflammatory process and remodeling of damaged tissues with intensification of hepatic fibrogenesis process, is considered to be a biomarker of hepatic inflammation and fibrosis.

[Children and adolescents toxic exposure in 2010-2012--data of Poison Information Centre and Laboratory of Analytical Toxicology and Drug Monitoring Jagiellonian University Medical College].

A telephone inquires to Poison Information Centre and data from toxicological laboratory of Jagiellonian University Medical College related to cases below 19 years of age in 2010 -2012 were analyzed. 37.3% of 3692 information given were related to children and adolescent toxic exposure.

[Confirmed poisonings with ethylene glycol and methanol in south Poland in the years 2010-2012 based on results from toxicological laboratories in Kraków and Sosnowiec].

The purpose of the research was to present the number of ethylene glycol and methanol poisonings in south Poland in the years 2010-2012, based on data from toxicological laboratories in Kraków and Sosnowiec. Total numbers of positive determinations of the toxic alcohols were 380-ethylene glycol and 152-methanol. Most of the patients poisoned with the toxic alcohols were men (87.

[Immunoassay methods used to diagnose patients poisoned with psychoactive substances--analytical and interpretation problems].

Diagnostics of patients poisoned with psychoactive substances is usually performed by immunoenzymatic methods. The results obtained by the methods are not reliable. A few percent of results can be "false positive" or "false negative".