Cascading Effects of the Family Context in Adolescence: Implications for Young Adult Antisocial Behavior and Intergenerational Transmission of Risk.

Inspired by the tremendous impact of Robert McMahon's career, this study evaluated an intergenerational cascade model in which young adult conduct problems may serve as a risk pathway linking generation 1 (G1) parenting and family climate in adolescence with generation 2 parenting quality and family climate with their children (G2-G3). Our sample included 396 parents (M = 28.3; 70% women; child M = 3.

Family functioning and child internalizing and externalizing problems: A 16-wave longitudinal study during the COVID-19 pandemic.

This study explored young children's mental health trajectories during the pandemic (May 2020 to April 2021) as well as associations with family functioning (i.e., cohesion, conflict, chaos, and routines) using data reported by 204 parents (children M 5.

COVID-19 family dynamics and health protective behavior adherence: A 16-wave longitudinal study.

Objective: Health-protective behavior (HPB) adherence (wearing protective face masks, social distancing, and increased handwashing) plays a critical role in reducing infectious disease transmission; yet factors underlying HPB adherence are not well understood. Most research focuses on individual factors-beliefs about susceptibility, severity, and HPB efficacy; however, understanding parent and child HPB adherence may require a family conceptualization. This study evaluated whether family relations (cohesion, conflict, and chaos), as well as parent-child conflict regarding pandemic-specific circumstances (e.

Two-Part Models for Father-Child Relationship Variables: Presence in the Child's Life and Quality of the Relationship Conditional on Some Presence.

Parent-child relationship variables are often measured using a two-part approach. For example, when assessing the warmth of the father-child relationship, a child is first asked if they have contact with their father; if so, the level of warmth they feel toward him is ascertained. In this setting, data on the warmth measure is missing for children without contact with their father, and such missing data can pose a significant methodological and substantive challenge when the variable is used as an outcome or antecedent variable in a model.

Stability and Change in Men's Intimate Partner Violence and Substance Use in Early Adulthood.

Despite substantial evidence of the role of substance use in intimate partner violence (IPV), little is known about the impact of substance use on stability and change in the experience of IPV as both a perpetrator and a victim. Using an ethnically diverse sample of 232 men in early adulthood (mean age = 29.1,  = 0.

Adolescent Substance Use Prevention: Long-Term Benefits of School Engagement.

Background: To determine if school engagement is a viable target for early prevention of adolescent substance use, this study investigated whether school engagement in early adolescence (ages 12-14) is a cause of alcohol and cannabis use during middle to late adolescence (ages 15-19).

Methods: To facilitate causal inference, inverse probability of treatment weights (IPTWs), which are based on estimated probabilities of treatment selection (ie, school engagement), were created based on a robust set of potential confounders. Using the IPTWs, a cumulative link mixed model was fit to examine the impact of school engagement on alcohol and cannabis use among an ethnically diverse sample of adolescents (N = 360).

Racial/Ethnic Differences in 30-Year Trajectories of Cannabis Use among Males.

Given that cannabis is the most commonly used illicit substance in the US, continuous research on patterns of cannabis use over the life course can help to ensure progress towards improving public health and reducing health inequalities across race/ethnicity. Thus, we examine racial/ethnic differences in cannabis use trajectories among males across two overlapping stages of the life course. We use data from two companion studies, the Rochester Youth Development Study (RYDS - a longitudinal cohort study that followed participants from adolescence into adulthood), and its intergenerational extension - the Rochester Intergenerational Study.

Correction to: Does Organizing Mentor-Mentee Matches into Small Groups Enhance Treatment Effects in a Site-Based Mentoring Program for Adolescents? Results of a Randomized Controlled Trial.

An amendment to this paper has been published and can be accessed via a link at the top of the paper.

Does Organizing Mentor-Mentee Matches into Small Groups Enhance Treatment Effects in a Site-Based Mentoring Program for Adolescents? Results of a Randomized Controlled Trial.

Formal youth mentoring is an effective intervention strategy for healthy development during adolescence. Modest and varied effects across programs, however, demonstrate a need to identify factors that can reliably improve outcomes for mentored youth. The purpose of this randomized controlled trial was to test the relative impact of embedding mentee-mentor matches in small groups on youth outcomes and to examine whether this effect was mediated by the quality of the program setting and mentoring relationship quality.

Antioxidative effects of quercetin-glycosides isolated from the flower buds of Tussilago farfara L.

A bioassay-guided fractionation of the ethylacetate soluble fraction from the flower buds of Tussilago farfara L. (Compositae) yielded two flavonoids, quercetin 3-O-beta-L-arabinopyranoside and quercetin 3-O-beta-D-glucopyranoside. These two sugar conjugates of quercetin exhibited higher antioxidative activity than their aglycone, quercetin by NBT superoxide scavenging assay.

Structure-antiviral activity relationships of cecropin A-magainin 2 hybrid peptide and its analogues.

In order to elucidate the structure-antiviral activity relationship of cecropin A (1-8)-magainin 2 (1-12) (termed CA-MA) hybrid peptide, several analogues with amino acid substitutions were synthesized. In a previous study, it was shown that serine at position 16 in CA-MA hybrid peptide was very important for antimicrobial activity. Analogues were designed to increase the hydrophobic property by substituting a hydrophobic amino acid residue (S --> A, V, F or W, position 16) in the CA-MA hybrid peptide.

Pentacyclic triterpenoids and their cytotoxicity from the stem bark of Styrax japonica S. et Z.

The methylene chloride soluble fraction of MeOH extract from the stem bark of Styrax japonica S. et Z. (Styracaceae) showed significant cytotoxicity by SRB method against five human tumor cell lines.

A new phenolic amide from Lycium chinense Miller.

A new phenolic amide, dihydro-N-caffeoyltyramine (1) was isolated from the root bark of Lycium chinense Miller, along with known compounds, trans-N-caffeoyltyramine (2), cis-N-caffeoyltyramine (3), and lyoniresinol 3alpha-O-beta-D-glucopyranoside (4). Their structures were determined by spectroscopic analysis. A NBT superoxide scavenging assay revealed that three phenolic amides showed potent antioxidative activity.