Genome Streamlining, Plasticity, and Metabolic Versatility Distinguish Co-occurring Toxic and Nontoxic Cyanobacterial Strains of .

Harmful cyanobacterial bloom occurrences have increased worldwide due to climate change and eutrophication, causing nuisance and animal deaths. Species from the benthic cyanobacterial genus are ubiquitous and form thick mats in freshwater systems, such as rivers, that are sometimes toxic due to the production of potent neurotoxins (anatoxins). Anatoxin-producing (toxic) strains typically coexist with non-anatoxin-producing (nontoxic) strains in mats, although the reason for this is unclear.

Microbial river-to-sea continuum: gradients in benthic and planktonic diversity, osmoregulation and nutrient cycling.

Background: Coastal aquatic ecosystems include chemically distinct, but highly interconnected environments. Across a freshwater-to-marine transect, aquatic communities are exposed to large variations in salinity and nutrient availability as tidal cycles create periodic fluctuations in local conditions. These factors are predicted to strongly influence the resident microbial community structure and functioning, and alter the structure of aquatic food webs and biogeochemical cycles.

Specificity trumps flexibility-location-based stable associations between Symbiodiniaceae genera and (Scleractinia; Merulinidae).

This study monitored symbiont communities bi-monthly in native coral cores used in a reciprocal transplantation of the coral over two years (2014-2016) and samples of mother colonies from three locations with variable thermal regimes; our results show that associating with multiple Symbiodiniaceae genera ( spp. and spp.) is not a prerequisite for symbiont shuffling.