Carnosine decreases retinal ganglion cell death in a mouse model of optic nerve crushing.

Purpose: The objectives of this study were to investigate whether carnosine can increase retinal ganglion cell (RGC) survival in the mouse retina and to determine the possible association between nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) mediated oxidative stress and neuroprotection of RGCs following optic nerve crushing (ONC).

Methods: C57BL/6 J mice underwent ONC and were treated with carnosine (250 mg/kg) or saline intraperitoneally once daily until sacrifice. Peroxisome proliferator activated receptor (PPAR)-γ and glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) expression were assessed at 1, 3, and 7 days after ONC.

Clinical validity of macular ganglion cell complex by spectral domain-optical coherence tomography in advanced glaucoma.

Purpose: To evaluate the repeatability and diagnostic power of macular ganglion cell complex (mGCC) thickness and peripapillary retinal nerve fiber layer (pRNFL) thickness using a spectral domain-optical coherence tomography in advanced glaucoma.

Patients And Methods: Forty advanced glaucoma patients were enrolled. Patients were divided into 2 groups of 20 patients each, according to the MD between -20 and -10 dB, and <-20 dB.

Experimental chronic ocular hypertension by anterior chamber injection of 0.3% carbomer solution in the rat.

Background: To evaluate a chronic ocular hypertensive model by anterior chamber injection of 0.3% carbomer solution in rats.

Methods: Chronic ocular hypertension was induced unilaterally by injecting 20 μL of 0.

Selectively bonded polymeric glaucoma drainage device for reliable regulation of intraocular pressure.

A novel glaucoma drainage device (GDD) using a polymeric micro check valve with no reverse flow is presented for the effective regulation of intraocular pressure (IOP). A significant functional improvement was achieved by reducing the possible incidence of hypotony, as the proposed GDD only drains aqueous humor at a certain cracking pressure or higher. The device consists of three biocompatible polymer layers: a top layer (cover), an intermediate layer (membrane), and a bottom layer (base plate with a cannula).

Usefulness of double vital staining with 1% fluorescein and 1% lissamine green in patients with dry eye syndrome.

Purpose: To determine the relative staining characteristics of the nasal and temporal conjunctiva as compared with other measures of dry eye and evaluate the qualitative clinical impression of the utility of the double vital staining with fluorescein and lissamine green.

Methods: Ocular surface staining was performed with a mixture of 1% fluorescein and 1% lissamine green in 50 patients with dry eye (12 patients with Sjögren syndrome and 38 patients with non-Sjögren syndrome). Ocular surface disease index (OSDI), tear breakup time (BUT), and Schirmer test were evaluated.

Comparison of scanning laser polarimetry and optical coherence tomography in preperimetric glaucoma.

Purpose: This study was performed to compare the effectiveness of scanning laser polarimetry with variable corneal compensation (GDx VCC) and optical coherence tomography (Stratus OCT) for the detection of loss of the retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) in preperimetric glaucomatous eyes.

Methods: Sixty subjects with preperimetric glaucoma (60 eyes) and 60 normal subjects (60 eyes) were included. We measured the RNFL thickness with GDx VCC and Stratus OCT and analyzed the results by 12 clock hour RNFL measurements.

Anomalous scleral insertion of superior oblique in Axenfeld-Rieger syndrome.

Axenfeld-Rieger syndrome (ARS) is associated with ocular and systemic anomalies. PITX2 is known to be a major controlling gene in the pathogenesis of ARS and is associated with differentiation in both the neural crest and mesoderm during eye development. A 4-year-old girl with bilateral ARS had 20 prism diopters (PD) of exotropia with 30PD of A- pattern deviation, more than 20PD of dissociated vertical deviation (DVD), and severe superior oblique overaction (SOOA).