Comparison of diamond nanoparticles captured on the floating and grounded membranes in the hot filament chemical vapor deposition process.

Negatively charged diamond nanoparticles are known to be generated in the gas phase of the hot filament chemical vapor deposition (HFCVD) process. However, the structures of these nanoparticles remain unknown. Also, the effect of charging on the stability of nanodiamond structures has not been studied experimentally.

Unusual Dependence of the Diamond Growth Rate on the Methane Concentration in the Hot Filament Chemical Vapor Deposition Process.

Although the growth rate of diamond increased with increasing methane concentration at the filament temperature of 2100 °C during a hot filament chemical vapor deposition (HFCVD), it decreased with increasing methane concentration from 1% CH -99% H to 3% CH -97% H at 1900 °C. We investigated this unusual dependence of the growth rate on the methane concentration, which might give insight into the growth mechanism of a diamond. One possibility would be that the high methane concentration increases the non-diamond phase, which is then etched faster by atomic hydrogen, resulting in a decrease in the growth rate with increasing methane concentration.

Various Allotropes of Diamond Nanoparticles Generated in the Gas Phase during Hot Filament Chemical Vapor Deposition.

Diamond nanoparticles have been synthesized using various methods. Nanodiamonds generated in the gas phase were captured on the membrane of a transmission electron microscope grid during a hot filament chemical vapor deposition (HFCVD) diamond process. In total, ~600 nanoparticles, which were captured for 10 s in six conditions of the capture temperatures of 900 °C, 600 °C and 300 °C and the gas mixtures of 1% CH-99% H and 3% CH-97% H, were analyzed for phase identification using high-resolution transmission electron microscopy and fast Fourier transformation.

Profiling of biomarkers for the exposure of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons: lamin-A/C isoform 3, poly[ADP-ribose] polymerase 1, and mitochondria copy number are identified as universal biomarkers.

This study investigated the profiling of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon- (PAH-) induced genotoxicity in cell lines and zebrafish. Each type of cells displayed different proportionality of apoptosis. Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) copy number was dramatically elevated after 5-day treatment of fluoranthene and pyrene.

Over-expression of Her-2 in colorectal cancer tissue, but not in serum, constitutes an independent worse prognostic factor.

Background: Currently, conflicting information exists regarding Her-2 over-expression and its clinicopathological implications in colorectal cancer (CRC). This study was undertaken to determine Her-2 over-expression in both serum and tumor tissue of CRC patients, and to assess its clinicopathological and targeted therapeutic implications.

Methods: Ninety five CRC patients and sixty healthy controls were prospectively enrolled.

Diagnostic and prognostic value of mitochondrial DNA minisatellites after stem cell transplantation.

Mitochondrial DNA has been used to investigate phylogenetic relationships and pathophysiologic roles in aging, degenerative diseases, and cancer. We investigated the prognostic usefulness of mitochondrial DNA minisatellite (mtMS) markers compared with nuclear short tandem repeat markers by evaluating the laboratory performance and clinical value of these markers in a large sample of patients undergoing allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo-HSCT) with various simulated conditions in vitro and in serial follow-up samples. We examined the value of mtMS markers as a prognostic indicator in 100 patients with various hematologic disorders undergoing allo-HSCT, including 35 patients with longitudinal follow-up for 55 months.

Usefulness of plasma epigenetic changes of five major genes involved in the pathogenesis of colorectal cancer.

Purpose: The purpose of present study was to investigate the methylation status of the promoter region in five genes (mothers against decapentaplegic homolog 4, fragile histidine triad protein, death-associated protein kinase 1, adenomatous polyposis coli (APC), and E-cadherin), which are known to be involved in the pathogenesis of colorectal cancer (CRC) and its clinicopathological significance.

Methods: The study subjects were 60 CRC patients, 40 patients with adenomatous colorectal polyp and 60 healthy control individuals. We further enrolled a total of 16 patients (two patients with Crohn's disease, two patients with ulcerative colitis, one patient with serrated adenoma, and 11 patients with colorectal cancer).

Frequent occurrence of mitochondrial DNA mutations in Barrett's metaplasia without the presence of dysplasia.

Background: Barrett's esophagus (BE) is one of the most common premalignant lesions and can progress to esophageal adenocarcinoma (EA). The numerous molecular events may play a role in the neoplastic transformation of Barrett's mucosa such as the change of DNA ploidy, p53 mutation and alteration of adhesion molecules. However, the molecular mechanism of the progression of BE to EA remains unclear and most studies of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) mutations in BE have performed on BE with the presence of dysplasia.

High-frequency minisatellite instability of the mitochondrial genome in colorectal cancer tissue associated with clinicopathological values.

Most studies of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) mutations in colorectal cancer have used case-control and case-database comparisons without searching their clinical relevance. This study was to investigate colorectal cancer tissue-specific mtDNA mutations from 54 matched colorectal cancer and adjacent normal tissues and then to evaluate their clinical values. This study focused on analyzing control region including mtDNA minisatellites and coding regions.

Mitochondrial DNA copy number and hnRNP A2/B1 protein: biomarkers for direct exposure of benzene.

The present study was performed to identify biomarkers for exposure of benzene in blood cells and hematopoietic tissues. Peripheral mononuclear cells, hematopoietic stem cells, and leukemia cell lines were cultured in RPMI 1640 media with the addition of 0, 1, and 10 mM of benzene. Hydrogen peroxide was measured using an enzyme immunoassay.

Stabilization/Solidification of radioactive molten salt waste via gel-route pretreatment.

The volatilization of radionuclides during the stabilization/solidification of radioactive wastes at high temperatures is one of the major problems to be considered in choosing suitable wasteforms, process, material systems, etc. This paper reports a novel method to convert volatile wastes into nonvolatile compounds via a sol-gel process, which is different from the conventional method using metal-alkoxides and organic solvents. The material system was designed with sodium silicate (Si) as a gelling agent, phosphoric acid (P) as a catalyst/stabilizer, aluminum nitrate (Al) as a property promoter, and H20 as a solvent.