Exploring effective video-review strategies of patient encounters for medical students: precepted review versus peer discussion.

Background: Video-recordings review of patient encounters is reported to improve the clinical performance of medical students. However, evidence on specific remediation strategies or outcomes are lacking. We aimed to implement videorecording-based remediation of standardized patient encounters among medical students, combined with preceptor one-on-one feedback or peer group discussion, and evaluate the effectiveness of the two remediation methods using objective structured clinical examination (OSCE).

Association between Mothers' Working Hours and Metabolic Syndrome in Children and Adolescents: Data from the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 2016-2020.

Background: Prevention and management of metabolic syndrome (MetS) during childhood are crucial. Recently, obesity among children and adolescents has increased with an increase in mothers' working hours. The present study was conducted to determine the relationship between mothers' working hours and MetS in their children.

Changes in Fatty Liver Disease and Incident Diabetes Mellitus in Young Korean Adults.

Introduction: This study sought to assess the association between the changes in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and risk of type 2 diabetes in young individuals with prediabetes.

Methods: Data from the Korean National Health Insurance System database were collected from 2009 to 2019 and analyzed in 2022. A total of 446,813 young adults aged 20-39 years with prediabetes who underwent two National Health Screening examinations from 2009 to 2012 were followed up.

Fatty Liver Change in Older Adults as an Important Risk Factor for Type 2 Diabetes: A Nationwide Cohort Study.

Objective: To examine the association between changes in fatty liver disease (FLD) over time and the risk of type 2 diabetes in elderly individuals with prediabetes.

Methods: A total of 156,984 elderly individuals with prediabetes who underwent national health screening in 2009 and 2011 were followed up through December 31, 2019. The FLD status was defined as a change in the fatty liver index.

Association between Problematic Smartphone Use and Physical Activity among Adolescents: A Path Analysis Based on the 2020 Korea Youth Risk Behavior Web-Based Survey.

Background: Physical activity is known to prevent several diseases and positively affect mental health. Previous studies have shown that smartphone addiction negatively affects the physical activity of children and adolescents. This study aimed to investigate the relationship between problematic smartphone use and physical activity among adolescents and the related factors using path analysis.

Body mass index and prevalence of metabolic syndrome among Korean adults before and after the COVID-19 outbreak: a retrospective longitudinal study.

Objectives: Studies evaluating weight changes during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic have yielded inconsistent results, and most of those studies were based on self-reported anthropometric measures. We investigated changes in body mass index (BMI), professionally measured waist circumference (WC), and metabolic syndrome components from before to during the pandemic in a sample of the adult population in Korea.

Methods: This retrospective study included 1,118 male and female (age≥18 years) who underwent health checkups at a university medical center between January 1, 2016 and March 31, 2022.

Bone Mineral Density and the Risk of Parkinson's Disease in Postmenopausal Women.

Background: Whether bone mineral density (BMD) is related to the risk of Parkinson's disease (PD) is unclear.

Objectives: The objective of this study was to examine the association between BMD status and incident PD in postmenopausal women.

Methods: We retrospectively examined a nationwide cohort of 272,604 women aged 66 years who participated in the 2009-2012 Korean national health screening for transitional ages.

Serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D concentrations are inversely associated with all-cause mortality among Koreans: a nationwide cohort study.

Evidence on the association between serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) concentration and all-cause and cause-specific mortality in Asians, especially Koreans, is limited. We hypothesized that high concentrations of 25(OH)D are associated with lower all-cause and cause-specific mortality in the general Korean population. This study included 27,846 adults participating in the Fourth and Fifth Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2008-2012, followed up through December 31, 2019.

Body weight variability and the risk of dementia in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus: A nationwide cohort study in Korea.

Aims: This study aimed to examine the association between body weight variability and dementia risk using a large-scale cohort data of Korean patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM).

Methods: A population-based cohort of 1,206,764 individuals with T2DM aged ≥ 40 years who underwent ≥ 3 Korean national health screenings were followed up until the end of 2019. Body weight variability was assessed using variability independent of the mean (VIM).

Association between Type and Intensity of Physical Activity and Depression.

Background: Although numerous studies have indicated that lower levels of physical activity correlate with a higher risk of depression, an association between the type of physical activity and depression has not been identified in Korea. This study aimed to examine whether the type and intensity of physical activity are associated with depression in Korean adults.

Methods: This cross-sectional study used data from the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES).

Waist circumference and risk of Parkinson's disease.

Although many studies support the association of obesity with neurodegenerative diseases, such as Parkinson's disease (PD), there are limited data regarding the association between abdominal obesity and PD, with mixed findings. The aim of this study was to examine the association of waist circumference (WC) with the risk of PD incidence. We retrospectively analyzed a large-scale nationwide cohort of 6,925,646 individuals aged ≥40 years who underwent the Korean National Health Screening during 2009.

Association between serum uric acid level and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease in Koreans.

Background: The association between serum uric acid (SUA) levels and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is controversial.

Objectives: We compared the association of SUA levels with NAFLD, abnormal alanine transferase (ALT), and the degree of liver fibrosis to clarify the association of SUA levels with NAFLD.

Methods: We conducted a retrospective cross-sectional study.

New sequential algorithm using Mac-2 binding protein glycosylation isomer to detect advanced carotid artery atherosclerosis.

Background: Although carotid artery sonography is widely performed, most guidelines do not recommend this procedure in the general population. Appropriate indications and effective algorithms are needed to detect advanced carotid artery atherosclerosis in a community setting.

Methods: This study was designed as cross-sectional study.

Association between Patient Experience and Medication Compliance of Dyslipidemia: Using Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (2015).

Background: This study aimed to examine the relationship between patient experience and medication compliance of patients with dyslipidemia.

Methods: Based on data from the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey in 2015, the study examined 764 patients treated with dyslipidemia medication. Subjects who responded to the question "Do you currently take medication to lower your blood cholesterol?" with "daily taking" were categorized as the compliant group, and the remaining subjects were classified under the non-compliant group.

High fecal carriage of bla, bla, and plasmid-mediated quinolone resistance genes among healthy Korean people in a metagenomic analysis.

To characterize the carriage of antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) in the gut microbiome of healthy individuals. Fecal carriage of ARGs was investigated in 61 healthy individuals aged 30 to 59 years through whole metagenome sequencing of the gut microbiome and a targeted metagenomic approach. The number of ARGs in the gut microbiome was counted and normalized per million predicted genes (GPM).

Variabilities in Weight and Waist Circumference and Risk of Myocardial Infarction, Stroke, and Mortality: A Nationwide Cohort Study.

Background: Evidence regarding the association between variabilities in obesity measures and health outcomes is limited. We aimed to examine the association between variabilities in obesity measures and cardiovascular outcomes and all-cause mortality.

Methods: We identified 4,244,460 individuals who underwent health examination conducted by the Korean National Health Insurance Service during 2012, with ≥3 anthropometric measurements between 2009 and 2012.

Improved detection of patient centeredness in objective structured clinical examinations through authentic scenario design.

Objective: In current objective structured clinical examinations (OSCEs), simulated encounters lacking realism reduce authenticity of assessment as students can take the OSCEs with a search-and-scan approach and trained empathy. Accordingly, patient-centeredness, the fundamental goal of OSCE, is not well assessed. This study evaluated the effect of a change in the OSCE scenario and checklist with respect to detecting students' patient-centeredness.

A Critical Appraisal of the Definition of Sarcopenia in Patients with Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease: Pitfall of Adjusted Muscle Mass by Body Weight.

Traditionally, sarcopenia has defined as amount of absolute muscle mass adjusted by height in the elderly people. However, relative muscle mass adjusted by weight has been used extensively in most non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) studies. Here, we attempted to investigate the pitfall of adjusted muscle mass by weight to evaluate association between sarcopenia and NAFLD.

The Relationship between Dog Ownership and Physical Activity in Korean Adults.

Background: Many studies have reported that dog ownership is effective in encouraging physical activity. However, the association between living with a dog and enhanced physical activity has not been clearly verified. Thus, this study aimed to investigate the effects of dog ownership on the amount of physical activity in a representative sample of Korean adults.

Short-Term Success Rates of Smoking Cessation Support Programs and Factors Predicting Smoking Relapse: Using Data from a Smoking Cessation Clinic in a Hospital.

Background: Although the number of medical institutions running a smoking cessation clinic is on the rise, there remains a paucity of research on the long- and short-term success rates of smoking cessation programs, as well as on smoking relapse rates, before and after project implementation. This study assessed the general characteristics of patients visiting the smoking cessation clinic, success rate of smoking cessation in the short term, and risks of relapse.

Methods: Medical records from March 2015 to April 2017 were analyzed and telephone surveys were conducted with 151 smokers who visited a hospital smoking cessation clinic from March 2015 to April 2017.

Body Weight Fluctuation as a Risk Factor for Type 2 Diabetes: Results from a Nationwide Cohort Study.

We aimed to investigate how body weight fluctuation affects the risk of developing type 2 diabetes by conducting a nationwide cohort study. A total of 3,855,884 participants from the National Health Insurance System health check-up data from 2012 were included in this study, and follow-up continued until 2016. Body weight was measured at least thrice between 2009 and 2012.

Group randomized trial of teaching tobacco-cessation counseling to senior medical students: a peer role-play module versus a standardized patient module.

Background: An important barrier to smoking-cessation counseling for physicians is a lack of education at the undergraduate level. Interactive methods such as peer role-play (RP) or modules utilizing standardized patients (SPs) may be effective for medical students to enhance their performance on tobacco cessation counseling. This study compared the effectiveness of a module using SPs to that of a RP module for undergraduate medical students on tobacco cessation counseling.