Fermented Gold Kiwi Improves Gastrointestinal Motility and Functional Constipation: An Animal Study and Human Randomized Clinical Test.

Constipation is a functional disorder of the gastrointestinal system characterized by difficult bowel movements, infrequent defecation, reduced water content, and hard stools. This study aims to evaluate the preventive effects of fermented gold kiwis (FGK) on loperamide-induced constipation in rats and investigate its efficacy in improving constipation symptoms in human patients through a randomized clinical trial. In the animal study, FGK was administered orally at doses of 50, 125, and 250 mg/kg to constipated rats for two weeks, resulting in significant improvements in constipation parameters.

Thymosin Beta 4 Inhibits LPS and ATP-Induced Hepatic Stellate Cells via the Regulation of Multiple Signaling Pathways.

Risk signals are characteristic of many common inflammatory diseases and can function to activate nucleotide-binding oligomerization (NLR) family pyrin domain-containing 3 (NLRP3), the innate immune signal receptor in cytoplasm. The NLRP3 inflammasome plays an important role in the development of liver fibrosis. Activated NLRP3 nucleates the assembly of inflammasomes, leading to the secretion of interleukin (IL)-1β and IL-18, the activation of caspase-1, and the initiation of the inflammatory process.