Prevalence, Incidence, and Age at Diagnosis of Boys With Hypospadias: A Nationwide Population-Based Epidemiological Study.

Purpose: The aim of this study was to assess the diagnostic prevalence, incidence, diagnostic age, and surgical volume of hypospadias in Denmark.

Materials And Methods: Males with a hypospadias diagnosis in the Danish National Patient Registry (n = 10,276) were identified (1977-2019). A diagnostic algorithm, validated by medical file review (n = 1710), confirmed diagnoses and severity (distal/proximal).

Genotype-Phenotype Correlation and Feminizing Surgery in Danish Children with Congenital Adrenal Hyperplasia.

Introduction: Congenital adrenal hyperplasia (CAH) is characterized by a broad spectrum of symptoms. This study aimed to describe genotype-phenotype correlations, clinical manifestations at diagnosis, and the frequency of feminizing surgery in childhood.

Methods: A nationwide retrospective cohort study of patients diagnosed with CAH, at the age of ≤18 years, between 1943 and 2018.

[Not Available].

Paediatric urology is a subspeciality of urology, with close links to paediatric surgery. This review concludes that a holistic life-long approach to management in highly specialised treatment centres is essential for many of the rare congenital conditions - in Denmark, paediatric urology is centralised to two institutions: Rigshospitalet in Copenhagen and Aarhus University Hospital in Aarhus. Other than performing basic urology in paediatric patients, both centres specialise in complex and rare urological conditions and thus have been accredited by the European Reference Network on rare diseases through the eUrogen collaboration.

Referral patterns, clinical features and management of uncorrected hypospadias in a series of adult men.

Background: Hypospadias surgery undertaken in early life often continues to impose challenges as patients age. Little is known about the natural history of uncorrected hypospadias persisting into adulthood.

Objective: To describe presenting symptoms and management strategies in men with uncorrected hypospadias referred to our national tertiary transitional clinic for congenital urological conditions.

Oral Contraceptives and Renal Water Handling: A diurnal study in young women.

To test the hypothesis that use of oral contraceptives (OC) changes diurnal variation in fluid balance mechanisms including blood pressure, secretion of vasopressin and oxytocin, and renal water and electrolyte excretion. Fifteen naturally cycling (NC) women in mid-follicular phase and 11 long-term OC users were included in a 24-h standardized inpatient study for measurements of vasopressin, oxytocin, sodium, and osmolality in plasma as well as urinary excretion of electrolytes, aquaporin-2, and prostaglandin E2. Blood pressure and heart rate were monitored noninvasively.

Urinary concentration does not exclusively rely on plasma vasopressin. A study between genders. Gender and diurnal urine regulation.

Aim: We investigated the influence of gender on the diurnal regulation of urine production with special focus on vasopressin, oxytocin and prostaglandin E2.

Methods: Fifteen young women in mid-follicular phase and 22 young men (20-33 years) were included. All participants underwent a 24-h circadian inpatient study under standardized conditions for measurements of plasma vasopressin, oxytocin, sodium and osmolality.

Promising long-term outcome of bladder autoaugmentation in children with neurogenic bladder dysfunction.

Purpose: We evaluated the long-term outcome of bladder autoaugmentation in children with neurogenic bladder dysfunction.

Materials And Methods: Data were compiled from the records of 25 children with a median age of 9.3 years (range 0.

Laparoscopy for the impalpable testes: experience with 80 intra-abdominal testes.

Objective: To evaluate two-stage laparoscopic Fowler-Stephens (FS) orchidopexy for intra-abdominal testes.

Materials And Methods: A retrospective analysis was performed of the clinical findings, interventions and outcomes in 111 boys undergoing laparoscopy for 132 impalpable testes.

Results: The median age was 5.

Gender differences in nighttime plasma arginine vasopressin and delayed compensatory urine output in the elderly population after desmopressin.

Purpose: Monosymptomatic polyuric nocturia is a consequence of aging. We investigated physiological differences between nonpolyuric and polyuric nocturia in the elderly population in relation to urine production regulation in young volunteers with special reference to gender.

Materials And Methods: We performed a study in 37 elderly healthy volunteers 65 years or older and 30 young healthy volunteers 20 to 40 years old who were hospitalized for 48 hours.

The pharmacokinetics of 400 microg of oral desmopressin in elderly patients with nocturia, and the correlation between the absorption of desmopressin and clinical effect.

Objective: To investigate the pharmacokinetic profile of oral desmopressin in elderly patients with nocturia, and to analyse any possible correlation between the absorption and clinical effect.

Patients And Methods: In all, 32 patients were screened to determine the baseline number of nocturnal voids and the nocturia index; of these, 24 fulfilled the inclusion criteria and were enrolled for a pharmacokinetic evaluation of oral desmopressin 400 microg. A double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled, crossover-effect evaluation period was then used to test the association between the absorption of desmopressin and pharmacodynamic effect.

Antidiuresis: a new concept in managing female daytime urinary incontinence.

Objective: To investigate the efficacy of desmopressin nasal spray on daytime urinary incontinence in women.

Patients And Methods: A multicentre, multinational, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, cross-over exploratory study of women (aged 18-80 years) complaining of severe daytime urinary incontinence was conducted in three centres (King's College Hospital; Boras County Hospital and Skejby Hospital). Seventy-five patients were screened of whom 64 were randomized.

The effect of alarm treatment on the functional bladder capacity in children with monosymptomatic nocturnal enuresis.

Purpose: We studied the characteristics of a group of monosymptomatic nocturnal enuretics successfully treated with the alarm system, with special reference to changes in functional bladder capacity.

Materials And Methods: The diaries of 7 girls and 19 boys 7 to 13 years old with severe nocturnal enuresis, small daytime bladder capacity (70% or less of expected capacity for age) and poor or absent response to desmopressin were analyzed. Patients were treated with an alarm until complete dryness was achieved for 21 consecutive nights before ending therapy.

The circadian rhythm of urine production, and urinary vasopressin and prostaglandin E2 excretion in healthy children.

Purpose: In adults and adolescents the transition from day to night is followed by a pronounced decrease in diuresis, as well as reduction in the amount of osmotically active substances excreted. We investigate the circadian variations in urine production in healthy children 3 to 14 years old.

Materials And Methods: A total of 92 children completed urine collections in 2 consecutive days to be analyzed for electrolytes, urea, creatinine, osmolality, vasopressin and prostaglandin E2.

Demographics of enuresis patients attending a referral centre.

Objective: To study and compare the demography of enuretic children 7-16 years old attending a tertiary referral centre for childhood urinary incontinence, with that of normal children and what is generally known about enuretics from population-based studies.

Methods And Materials: This was a retrospective analysis of data compiled from 298 enuretic patients referred to The Centre of Child Incontinence, Aarhus University Hospital, Skejby, Denmark, and 53 healthy controls. Data was obtained by conducting standardised questionnaire interviews.

Determining the displacement of the pelvic floor and pelvic organs during voluntary contractions using magnetic resonance imaging in younger and older women.

Objectives: To: (i) visualize the effect of sustained voluntary contractions on the anatomical configuration of the pelvic floor (PF) muscles using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI); (ii) examine the effect of ageing on the range of displacement of the PF contents secondary to contraction and simulating incontinence exercises; and (iii) introduce the concept of contractile change in volume (DeltaPF-V) using three-dimensional (3D) reconstruction from axial, sagittal and coronal MRI.

Subjects And Methods: Two groups of continent women volunteers, familiar with correct PF contraction, were evaluated. The mean (sd) age in group I was 34 (6) years and that of group II 55 (9) years; the mean parities were 0.

Female nocturia.

Many elderly experience nocturia to such a degree that it influences their quality of life. Different studies use equivocal definitions when trying to analyze data on nocturia. The literature on etiology of female nocturia is sparse, whereas male nocturia has been studied rather extensively because of the association with lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS).

The relationship between desmopressin treatment and voiding pattern in children.

Objective: To collect data on voiding patterns at baseline (no treatment) and during short-term desmopressin treatment, with special reference to the functional and the mean bladder capacity.

Patients And Methods: The study included 120 children (aged 6-16 years) with monosymptomatic nocturnal enuresis. While at home they recorded their fluid intake and diuresis in two separate periods, i.

Reduced renal vascular resistance in response to verapamil during gradated ureter obstruction in pigs.

Unilateral ureteral obstruction (UUO) is associated with reductions in ipsilateral renal blood flow (RBF) and glomerular filtration rate (GFR) caused by an active preglomerular vasoconstriction, where angiotensin II (ANGII) may be an important mediator. Calcium-channel blockers preferentially dilate preglomerular vessels and abolish the vasoconstrictor actions of ANGII in preglomerular arterioles of the hydronephrotic rat kidney. In this study, we, therefore, examined the effects of the calcium-channel blocker verapamil (3.

Intra-individual variability in nighttime urine production and functional bladder capacity estimated by home recordings in patients with nocturnal enuresis.

Purpose: We evaluated the intra-individual variability and reproducibility of nighttime urine production on wet nights and functional bladder capacity estimated by long-term home recordings of monosymptomatic nocturnal enuresis. In particular, the intention was to evaluate the validity of 1 versus 2 weeks of recording when estimating urine volume on wet nights and 1 versus 2 weekends of recording when estimating functional bladder capacity.

Materials And Methods: We analyzed 120, 2-week home recordings of nighttime urine volume from patients with monosymptomatic nocturnal enuresis 6 to 16 years old (mean age 9.

Cytotoxic triterpenoids from the leaves of Euphorbia pulcherrima.

Two cytotoxic triterpenes have been isolated from Euphorbia pulcherrima. Their structures and stereochemistry have been established from NMR, IR, and EI-mass spectroscopy. The compounds were identified as 9,19-cycloart-23-ene-3 beta,25-diol and, 9,19-cycloart-25-ene-3 beta,24-diol.

Formation of (4R)- and (4S)-4-hydroxyochratoxin A from ochratoxin A by liver microsomes from various species.

Two metabolic products were formed from ochratoxin A by human, pig, and rat liver microsomal fractions in the presence of reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate. They were isolated from the incubation mixture in the presence of pig liver microsomes by extraction, thin-layer chromatography, and high-pressure liquid chromatography Their structures are suggested to be (4R)- and (4S)-4-hydroxyochratoxin A on the basis of mass and nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. Km and the maximum velocity for the formation of the two metabolites by human, pig, and rat microsomes were determined.