FSHB and FSHR gene variants exert mild modulatory effect on reproductive hormone levels and testis size but not on semen quality: A study of 2020 men from the general Danish population.

Background: Spermatogenesis depends on stimulation by follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) which binds to FSH receptors (FSHR) on testicular Sertoli cells. Three FSH-related single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), FSHB -211G>T (rs10835638), FSHR -29G>A (rs1394205) and FSHR 2039A>G (rs6166) affect FSH action, and have been suggested to affect testicular function, but the evidence is uncertain.

Objective: To describe the associations between the three SNPs and testicular function in a large and well-characterised cohort of men from the general population.

Women's perceptions of fertility assessment and counselling 6 years after attending a Fertility Assessment and Counselling clinic in Denmark.

Study Question: What are women's perceptions and experience of fertility assessment and counselling 6 years after attending a Fertility Assessment and Counselling (FAC) clinic in Denmark?

Summary Answer: Women viewed the personalized fertility knowledge and advice they received as important aids to decision-making and they felt the benefits outweighed the risks of receiving personalized fertility information.

What Is Known Already: Many young people wish to become parents in the future. However, research demonstrates there is a gap in women's and men's knowledge of fertility and suggests they may be making fertility decisions based on inaccurate information.

Serum ferritin level is inversely related to number of previous pregnancy losses in women with recurrent pregnancy loss.

Objective: To study whether low serum ferritin (s-ferritin) levels are associated with recurrent pregnancy loss (RPL), and whether low s-ferritin predicts the risk of another pregnancy loss or the ability to conceive.

Design: Cohort study.

Setting: Fertility clinic at a university hospital.

Ovarian reserve markers in women using various hormonal contraceptives.

The aim of the study was to assess whether the ovarian reserve markers anti-Müllerian hormone (AMH) and antral follicle count (AFC) were lower among women using the progestin-only pill (POP) or levonorgestrel-releasing intrauterine system (LNG-IUS) and similar to the decrease observed in combined oral contraceptive (COC) pill users. This retrospective study comprised 565 hormonal contraceptive users (COC, POP, LNG-IUS or contraceptive vaginal ring) and 983 non-hormonal contraceptive users, who were seen in two Danish fertility assessment and counselling clinics between 2015 and 2019. Adjusted multiple regression analysis was used to examine the differences in AMH and AFC between hormonal and non-hormonal contraceptive users.

Men's expectations and experiences of fertility awareness assessment and counseling.

Introduction: Men play an important role in couples' decisions about the timing of parenthood and they tend to delay parenthood. The reasons for delaying childbearing are multifaceted and complex. Their decisions may be based on a lack of accurate information about the reproductive life span and the consequences of delaying parenthood.

Investigation of anti-Müllerian hormone concentrations in relation to natural conception rate and time to pregnancy.

The objectives of this study were to investigate whether anti-Müllerian hormone (AMH) concentrations can predict pregnancy rates and time to pregnancy (TTP) in women attempting to conceive naturally/having an unplanned conception, and whether there is a lower AMH threshold compatible with natural conception. This prospective cohort study included 260 women aged 25-42 years in two subcohorts: (A) healthcare workers at Rigshospitalet (2008-2010), and (B) women consulting the Fertility Assessment and Counselling Clinic (2011-2014), Rigshospitalet, Denmark. Pregnancy rates and TTP at 2-year follow-up were stratified into AMH groups: low: < 9.

Anti-Müllerian hormone levels and fecundability in women with a natural conception.

Objectives: To investigate the association between anti-Müllerian hormone (AMH), a well-established marker of the ovarian reserve, and time-to-pregnancy (TTP) in natural conceptions, and to assess changes in serum-AMH in early pregnancy.

Study Design: A cross sectional study comprising 279 women aged 21-42 years with a natural conception recruited during 2012-2014. AMH was measured in gestational week 10-19.

The Fertility Assessment and Counseling Clinic - does the concept work? A prospective 2-year follow-up study of 519 women.

Introduction: The Fertility Assessment and Counseling (FAC) Clinic was initiated to provide women with information about their current fertility status to prevent infertility and smaller families than desired. The aim was to study the predictive value of a risk assessment score based on known fertility risk factors in terms of time to pregnancy.

Material And Methods: Prospective cohort study of the first 570 women attending the FAC Clinic from 2011 to 2013 at Rigshospitalet, Denmark.

Left-right differences in ovarian volume and antral follicle count in 1423 women of reproductive age.

The aim of this cross-sectional study was to investigate side differences in antral follicle count (AFC) and ovarian volume in left versus right ovaries in relation to chronological and "biological" age, the latter estimated by anti-Müllerian hormone (AMH) levels. The cohort comprised 1423 women: 1014 fertile and 409 infertile. All were examined by transvaginal sonography and serum AMH.

Infertile women below the age of 40 have similar anti-Müllerian hormone levels and antral follicle count compared with women of the same age with no history of infertility.

Study Question: Do infertile patients below the age of 40 years have a lower ovarian reserve, estimated by anti-Müllerian hormone (AMH) and total antral follicle count (AFC), than women of the same age with no history of infertility?

Summary Answer: Serum AMH and AFC were not lower in infertile patients aged 20-39 years compared with a control group of the same age with no history of infertility. WHAT IS KNOWN ALREADY?: The management of patients with a low ovarian reserve and a poor response to controlled ovarian stimulation (COS) remains a challenge in assisted reproductive technologies (ART). Both AMH levels and AFC reflect the ovarian reserve and are valuable predictors of the ovarian response to exogenous gonadotrophins.

Family intentions and personal considerations on postponing childbearing in childless cohabiting and single women aged 35-43 seeking fertility assessment and counselling.

Study Question: What characterizes childless women aged 35 years and above seeking fertility assessment and counselling in relation to their reproduction and are there significant differences between single and cohabiting women?

Summary Answer: Despite the women's advanced age and knowledge of the age-related decline in fecundity, 70% of the single women sought fertility assessment and counselling to gain knowledge regarding the possibility of postponing pregnancy.

What Is Known Already: Recent studies have indicated an increasing demand for ovarian reserve testing in women without any known fertility problem to obtain knowledge on their reproductive lifespan and pro-fertility advice. Women postpone their first pregnancy, and maternal age at first birth has increased in western societies over the past two to four decades.

Ovarian reserve assessment in users of oral contraception seeking fertility advice on their reproductive lifespan.

Study Question: To what extent does oral contraception (OC) impair ovarian reserve parameters in women who seek fertility assessment and counselling to get advice on whether their remaining reproductive lifespan is reduced?

Summary Answer: Ovarian reserve parameters defined by anti-Müllerian hormone (AMH), antral follicle count (AFC) and ovarian volume were found to be significantly decreased by 19% (95% CI 9.1-29.3%), 18% (95% CI 11.

Individual fertility assessment and pro-fertility counselling; should this be offered to women and men of reproductive age?

During the 1970s new contraceptive options developed and legal abortions became accessible. Family planning clinics targeting young women and men provided advice and assistance on contraception. Today, delayed childbearing, low total fertility rates and increasing use of social oocyte freezing create a need for pro-fertility initiatives.