A Non-Hemadsorbing Live-Attenuated Virus Vaccine Candidate Protects Pigs against the Contemporary Pandemic Genotype II African Swine Fever Virus.

African swine fever (ASF) is a highly contagious and severe hemorrhagic transboundary swine viral disease with up to a 100% mortality rate, which leads to a tremendous socio-economic loss worldwide. The lack of safe and efficacious ASF vaccines is the greatest challenge in the prevention and control of ASF. In this study, we generated a safe and effective live-attenuated virus (LAV) vaccine candidate VNUA-ASFV-LAVL3 by serially passaging a virulent genotype II strain (VNUA-ASFV-L2) in an immortalized porcine alveolar macrophage cell line (3D4/21, 50 passages).

Within-household SARS-CoV-2 transmission and vaccine effectiveness in the first three COVID-19 school outbreaks in northern Viet Nam, September-December 2021.

Objective: The risk of transmission of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) from schoolchildren to their household and the protective effects of vaccination in these settings remain poorly understood. We assessed the transmission dynamics of schoolchildren with SARS-CoV-2 within their households and the protective effects of coronavirus disease (COVID-19) vaccination among household members in Viet Nam.

Methods: We estimated the attack rate, vaccine effectiveness and adjusted risk ratio (aRR) of factors associated with SARS-CoV-2 transmission to household contacts of children confirmed to have COVID-19 who attended three schools in Ha Nam, Phu Tho and Thanh Hoa provinces between September and December 2021 using multivariable regression with household-level random effects.

Identification of differentially expressed genes and metabolism signaling pathway in the spleen of broilers supplemented with probiotic Bacillus spp.

Probiotics are essential in the body's nutrients, improving the ratio of meat to meat, immune response, and preventing diseases. In this study, RNA-sequencing (RNA-seq) was used to identify the differentially expressed genes (DEGs), enriched related pathways, and Gene Ontology (GO) terms among blank negative control (NC), supplemented with Bacillus spp. (BS) and commercial probiotic (PC) groups after a 42-day fed supplementation.

Molecular characterization of lumpy skin disease virus in North Central Vietnam during 2021 and early 2022.

In October 2020, the first outbreaks of lumpy skin disease (LSD) in Lang Son Province, Vietnam were reported by our laboratory. The disease had rapidly spread to the South, and it was reported in 55 of 63 provinces and cities of Vietnam by the end of 2021. The most economic loss caused by this disease occurred in the north-central region in 2021 where approximately 46,788 LSD virus (LSDV) infected cattle and buffaloes have been reported and 8,976 animals have been culled.

Comprehensive genome‑wide analysis of the chicken heat shock protein family: identification, genomic organization, and expression profiles in indigenous chicken with highly pathogenic avian influenza infection.

Background: Heat shock proteins (HSPs) function as molecular chaperones with critical roles in chicken embryogenesis, immune response to infectious diseases, and response to various environmental stresses. However, little is known on HSP genes in chicken. In this study, to understand the roles of chicken HSPs, we performed genome-wide identification, expression, and functional analyses of the HSP family genes in chicken.

Cardiac metastasis mimicking STEMI-impact of point-of-care ultrasound on clinical decision-making: A case report.

Introduction: The manifestations of cardiac metastases are extremely variable depending on their location and extension.

Case Presentation: A 62-year-old man was admitted to the cardiac emergency department presenting with chest pain, worsening shortness of breath and palpitations. He had a history of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma treated with chemoradiotherapy, and he was not diagnosed with cardiovascular disease before.

Inhibition of African swine fever virus replication by β-glucan.

Background: African swine fever (ASF) is one of the most important diseases in pigs because of its effects on all ages and breeds. To date, commercial vaccines and drugs for the prevention of ASF are lacking in the market and the survival of African swine fever virus (ASFV) in various environmental, farm, and or feed matrices has allowed the virus to remain, causing new outbreaks in the pig population. Besides biosecurity and animal husbandry management practices, the improvement of the host immune responses is critical to control, managing, and preventing ASF.

Molecular and functional characterization of chicken interleukin 1 receptor 2 (chIL-1R2).

Interleukin-1 receptor type 2 (IL1R2) is a decoy receptor for exogenous IL-1. However, its functional role in chicken immunity is poorly understood. Herein, chicken IL-1R2 (chIL-1R2) was identified and functionally characterized in vivo and in vitro.

Small RNA sequencing and profiling of serum-derived exosomes from African swine fever virus-infected pigs.

African swine fever (ASF) virus (ASFV) is responsible for one of the most severe swine diseases worldwide, with a morbidity rate of up to 100%; no vaccines or antiviral medicines are available against the virus. Exosomal miRNAs from individual cells can regulate the immune response to infectious diseases. In this study, pigs were infected with an ASFV Pig/HN/07 strain that was classified as acute form, and exosomal miRNA expression in the serum of infected pigs was analyzed using small RNA sequencing (small RNA-seq).

Antibiotic use in gastrointestinal surgery patients at a Vietnamese national hospital.

Background: Invasive gastrointestinal surgery may be performed as an open or endoscopic procedure, such as laparoscopic semi-colon surgery, laparoscopic appendectomy, laparoscopic gastrectomy, and anal surgery, among other such operations. Regardless of the approach, the operative procedure interferes with the patient's gastrointestinal tract, necessitating the rational use of prophylactic antibiotics to improve treatment outcomes and minimize postoperative infections.

Objective: To investigate the prophylactic and postoperative antibiotic usage in patients who underwent invasive gastrointestinal surgery, and to identify factors associated with postoperative infection.

Genome‑wide identification, organization, and expression profiles of the chicken fibroblast growth factor genes in public databases and Vietnamese indigenous Ri chickens against highly pathogenic avian influenza H5N1 virus infection.

Objective: Fibroblast growth factors (FGFs) play critical roles in embryo development, and immune responses to infectious diseases. In this study, to investigate the roles of FGFs, we performed genome-wide identification, expression, and functional analyses of FGF family members in chickens.

Methods: Chicken FGFs genes were identified and analyzed by using bioinformatics approach.

Nanosized-Loratadine Embedded Orodispersible Films for Enhanced Bioavailability: Scalable Preparations and Characterizations.

The patient-centric strategy urges the pharmaceutical companies to develop orodispersible films (ODF) as a new approach for pediatrics. However, the most common ODF-fabricated method, solvent casting, is facing the safety challenges of safety during manufacturing. To obtain favorable formulations with the ease of use and rapid dissolution, nanotechnology has been accounted for the development process.

Novel method for sub-grouping of genotype II African swine fever viruses based on the intergenic region between the A179L and A137R genes.

Background: African swine fever (ASF) is a highly contagious and deadly viral disease affecting domestic and wild pigs of all ages. African swine fever virus (ASFV) has spread rapidly through Eastern and Southeastern Asia first appearing in Vietnam in 2019.

Objectives: Molecular typing of African swine fever virus (ASFV) in Vietnam has identified two principal variants circulating based on the sequencing of the intergenic region (IRG) between the I73R and I329L genes.

The potential anti-African swine fever virus effects of medium chain fatty acids on feed model: An evaluation study using epidemic ASFV strain circulating in Vietnam.

Background: African swine fever (ASF) is an important disease affecting swine and has a significant economic loss in both the developed and developing world.

Aim: In this study, we evaluated the potential effects of medium-chain fatty acids (MCFAs) in individual and synergistic forms to prevent and/or reduce ASF virus (ASFV) infection using feed model.

Methods: The cytotoxicity of MCFAs on porcine alveolar macrophages cells was evaluated by using the 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide assay.

MERTK M2c Macrophages Induced by Baicalin Alleviate Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease.

Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is one of the most common liver diseases worldwide. An accumulation of fat, followed by inflammation, is the major cause of NAFLD progression. During inflammation, macrophages are the most abundant immune cells recruited to the site of injury.

Chronic Pulmonary Aspergillosis Situation among Post Tuberculosis Patients in Vietnam: An Observational Study.

This study provides a brief view of chronic pulmonary aspergillosis (CPA) in the post-tuberculosis treatment community in Vietnam, a high burden tuberculosis (TB) country. In three months in late 2019, 70 post-TB patients managed at Vietnam National Lung Hospital were enrolled. Of these, 38 (54.

Relationship between Allelic Heterozygosity in and Proviral Loads in Bovine Leukemia Virus-Infected Cattle.

Enzootic bovine leukosis is a lethal neoplastic disease caused by bovine leukemia virus (BLV), belongs to family Retroviridae. The BLV proviral load (PVL) represents the quantity of BLV genome that has integrated into the host's genome in BLV-infected cells. Bovine leukocyte antigen () class II allelic polymorphisms are associated with PVLs in BLV-infected cattle.

Lumpy skin disease outbreaks in vietnam, 2020.

Lumpy skin disease (LSD) is a transboundary, systemic, viral disease of cattle. The first outbreaks of LSD were reported in Lang Son Province of Vietnam (bordered to China), and an official document has been submitted to OIE on 1 November 2020. Here, we described first the genetic profiles of this pathogen based on four well-known marker regions.

Circulation of two different variants of intergenic region (IGR) located between the I73R and I329L genes of African swine fever virus strains in Vietnam.

Since African swine fever virus (ASFV) introduction into Vietnam in 2019, most ASFV strains detected in this country belong to the p72 genotype II and intergenic region (IGR) II variant. Further investigation of the intergenic region of ASFVs isolated in the Capital Hanoi region showed two different variants, IGR I and IGR II, which were located between the I73R and I329L genes of the p72 genotype II ASFV strains. This finding suggests co-circulation of two ASFV variants in the domestic pig population in Vietnam.

Mental Health and Health-Related Quality-of-Life Outcomes Among Frontline Health Workers During the Peak of COVID-19 Outbreak in Vietnam: A Cross-Sectional Study.

Purpose: Mental health is an important component of the protection strategy for healthcare workers (HCWs). However, it has not been well described in Vietnam during the COVID-19 outbreak. This study aims to measure the psychological distress and health-related quality-of-life among frontline healthcare workers during the peak of the outbreak in Vietnam.

Genetic characterization of African swine fever viruses circulating in North Central region of Vietnam.

Since the first outbreak of African swine fever virus (ASFV) in China in 2018, the disease has spread to Mongolia, Vietnam, Cambodia, Korea, Laos, Myanmar, Philippines, Timor-Leste, Indonesia and Papua New Guinea. ASFV was officially reported in Vietnam on 19 February 2019. The continued spread of ASFV has occurred in the whole country within 7 months.

Interleukin-dependent modulation of the expression of MHC class I and MHC class II genes in chicken HD11 cells.

Interleukins (ILs) regulate cell surface antigens known as activation markers, which have distinct functional roles. However, the regulation of major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I, MHC class II, and related genes by cytokines in chickens is not well understood. In the present study, we evaluated the influence of certain recently discovered chicken interleukins-i.

Establishment of a novel diagnostic test for Bovine leukaemia virus infection using direct filter PCR.

Enzootic bovine leucosis (EBL) is a neoplastic disease of cattle caused by Bovine leukaemia virus (BLV). EBL causes great economic losses, so a fast and reliable diagnostic method is critical for understanding the status of BLV. This will allow us to control BLV infections efficiently and mitigate economic losses.