A rapid, affordable, and reliable method for profiling microbiome biomarkers from fecal images.

Human and veterinary healthcare professionals are interested in utilizing the gut-microbiome as a target to diagnose, treat, and prevent (gastrointestinal) diseases. However, the current microbiome analysis techniques are expensive and time-consuming, and data interpretation requires the expertise of specialists. Therefore, we explored the development and application of artificial intelligence technology for rapid, affordable, and reliable microbiome profiling in rhesus macaques ().

Oncology Dose Selection in Subsequent Indications: What Can We Learn From FDA-approved Oncology Drugs?

Purpose: The modern oncology drug development landscape has shifted away from traditional cytotoxic chemotherapies. Following their initial approvals, many oncology drugs have been approved in subsequent indications either as monotherapy or in combination to benefit a broader patient population. To date, dose selection strategies for subsequent indications have not been systematically reviewed.

A Comparative Clinical Pharmacology Analysis of FDA-Approved Targeted Covalent Inhibitors vs. Reversible Inhibitors in Oncology.

Targeted covalent inhibitors (TCIs) are an emerging class of anticancer therapeutics. TCIs are designed to selectively engage their targeted proteins via covalent warheads. From the drug development standpoint, the covalent inhibition mechanism is anticipated to elicit the following theoretical benefits: (i) an extended duration of therapeutic action that is determined by the target protein turnover rate and not necessarily by drug half-life, (ii) a lower therapeutic dose owing to greater pharmacological potency, (iii) lower risk of off-target binding and associated adverse events, and (iv) reduced drug-drug interaction (DDI) liability due to high selectivity and low dose.

Pharmacokinetic-Pharmacodynamic Evidence From a Phase 3 Trial to Support Flat-Dosing of Rifampicin for Tuberculosis.

Background: The optimal dosing strategy for rifampicin in treating drug-susceptible tuberculosis (TB) is still highly debated. In the phase 3 clinical trial Study 31/ACTG 5349 (NCT02410772), all participants in the control regimen arm received 600 mg rifampicin daily as a flat dose. Here, we evaluated relationships between rifampicin exposure and efficacy and safety outcomes.

Efficacy of compliance with ventilator-associated pneumonia care bundle: A 24-month longitudinal study at Bach Mai Hospital, Vietnam.

Introduction: To decrease the risk of complications from ventilator-associated pneumonia, it is essential to implement preventative measures in all ICU patients. Since 2018, with the help of Japanese experts, we have applied a ventilator-associated pneumonia care bundle with 10 basic standards in patient care and monitoring. Therefore, we conducted a study to evaluate the results of applying 10 solutions to prevent ventilator-associated pneumonia over 24 months.

Blocking insulin-like growth factor 1 receptor signaling pathway inhibits neuromuscular junction regeneration after botulinum toxin-A treatment.

Botulinum toxin-A (BTX) administration into muscle is an established treatment for conditions with excessive muscle contraction. However, botulinum therapy has short-term effectiveness, and high-dose injection of BTX could induce neutralizing antibodies against BTX. Therefore, prolonging its effects could be beneficial in a clinical situation.

Potential for Larval Control and Environmental Friendliness of the Compounds Containing 2-Methyl-3,4-dihydroquinazolin-4-one Heterocycle.

2-Methylquinazolin-4(3)-one was prepared by the reaction of anthranilic acid, acetic anhydride, and ammonium acetate. The reaction of 2-methylquinazolin-4(3)-one with -aryl-2-chloroacetamides in acetone in the presence of potassium carbonate gave nine -aryl-2-(2-methyl-4-oxoquinazolin-3(4)-yl)acetamide compounds. The structures of these compounds were elucidated on the basis of their IR, H nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), C NMR, and high-resolution mass spectrometry (HR-MS) spectral data.

First step in implementation of opportunistic salpingectomy for prevention of ovarian cancer: Current care and its determinants.

Introduction: Opportunistic salpingectomy (OS) refers to additional removal of the fallopian tubes during abdominal surgery performed for another medical indication, as prevention for ovarian cancer. As OS has been inconsistently implemented, its clinical practice varies worldwide. To reduce this variation, insight is required into current clinical practice and its determinants.

Diving into the Molecular Diversity of Exometabolites: Contribution of Bromo-Spiroisoxazoline Alkaloids.

Sponges are prolific producers of specialized metabolites with unique structural scaffolds. Their chemical diversity has always inspired natural product chemists working in drug discovery. As part of their metabolic filter-feeding activities, sponges are known to release molecules, possibly including their specialized metabolites.

Essential Oils from Vietnamese Asteraceae for Environmentally Friendly Control of Mosquitoes.

Mosquitoes, in addition to being a biting nuisance, are vectors of several pathogenic viruses and parasites. As a continuation of our work identifying abundant and/or invasive plant species in Vietnam for use as ecologically friendly pesticidal agents, we obtained the essential oils of , , , , and ; analyzed the essential oils using gas chromatographic techniques; and screened the essential oils for mosquito larvicidal activity against and . The most active larvicidal essential oils were , which was rich in thymohydroquinone dimethyl ether (29.

Iris Racemose Hemangioma Assessment with Swept Source Optical Coherence Tomography Angiography: A Feasibility Study and Stand-Alone Comparison.

Purpose: To evaluate arteriovenous malformations (AVM) with swept-source (SS) optical coherence tomography (OCT) angiography (OCTA) in iris racemose hemangioma and compare it with traditional intravenous iris fluorescein angiography (IVFA).

Methods: A cross-sectional observational clinical study was conducted on patients with iris racemose hemangioma with the ZEISS PLEX Elite 9000 SS OCT & OCTA.

Results: Three eyes of three patients were imaged.

Acetylcholinesterase Inhibitory Activities of Essential Oils from Vietnamese Traditional Medicinal Plants.

Essential oils are promising as environmentally friendly and safe sources of pesticides for human use. Furthermore, they are also of interest as aromatherapeutic agents in the treatment of Alzheimer's disease, and inhibition of the enzyme acetylcholinesterase (AChE) has been evaluated as an important mechanism. The essential oils of some species in the genera , , and of the family Lamiaceae were evaluated for inhibition of electric eel AChE using the Ellman method.

Recruitment and Data Collection Challenges of Research Focused on Older Adults and Family Caregivers from Asian American Communities: A Case Study Series.

Objectives: The purpose of this case study series was to present recruitment and data collection strategies used for Asian American ethnic groups by documenting challenges experienced by researchers in the field of aging.

Summary: We compiled four case studies investigating Asian American older adults and/or family caregivers (i.e.

A Narrative Review of u-HA/PLLA, a Bioactive Resorbable Reconstruction Material: Applications in Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery.

The advent of bioresorbable materials to overcome limitations and replace traditional bone-reconstruction titanium-plate systems for bone fixation, thus achieving greater efficiency and safety in medical and dental applications, has ushered in a new era in biomaterial development. Because of its bioactive osteoconductive ability and biocompatibility, the forged composite of uncalcined/unsintered hydroxyapatite and poly L-lactic acid (u-HA/PLLA) has attracted considerable interest from researchers in bone tissue engineering, as well as from clinicians, particularly for applications in maxillofacial reconstructive surgery. Thus, various in vitro studies, in vivo studies, and clinical trials have been conducted to investigate the feasibility and weaknesses of this biomaterial in oral and maxillofacial surgery.

The Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition Influences the Resistance of Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma to Monoclonal Antibodies via Its Effect on Energy Homeostasis and the Tumor Microenvironment.

Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is a major type of cancer that accounts for over 90% of all oral cancer cases. Recently developed evidence-based therapeutic regimens for OSCC based on monoclonal antibodies (mAbs), such as cetuximab, pembrolizumab, and nivolumab, have attracted considerable attention worldwide due to their high specificity, low toxicity, and low rates of intolerance. However, the efficacy of those three mAbs remains poor because of the low rate of responders and acquired resistance within a short period of time.

Improving preoperative diagnosis in endometrial cancer using systematic morphological assessment and a small immunohistochemical panel.

Preoperative histopathological classification determines the primary surgical approach in endometrial carcinoma (EC) patients but has only moderate agreement between preoperative and postoperative diagnosis. The aim of the PIpelle Prospective ENDOmetrial carcinoma (PIPENDO) study is to determine whether histopathological assessment and a small panel of diagnostic biomarkers decreases discrepancies between preoperative and postoperative diagnosis in EC. Preoperative endometrial tissue of 378 included patients with EC was stained with 15 different antibodies.

Cassava mosaic disease and its management in Southeast Asia.

Status of the current outbreak of cassava mosaic disease (CMD) in Southeast Asia was reviewed. Healthy cassava seed production and dissemination systems have been established in Vietnam and Cambodia, along with integrated disease and pest management systems, to combat the outbreak. Cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz) is one of the most important edible crops in tropical and subtropical regions.

Overview of Evidence-Based Chemotherapy for Oral Cancer: Focus on Drug Resistance Related to the Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition.

The increasing incidence of resistance to chemotherapeutic agents has become a major issue in the treatment of oral cancer (OC). Epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) has attracted a great deal of attention in recent years with regard to its relation to the mechanism of chemotherapy drug resistance. EMT-activating transcription factors (EMT-ATFs), such as Snail, TWIST, and ZEB, can activate several different molecular pathways, e.

Bioactive Regeneration Potential of the Newly Developed Uncalcined/Unsintered Hydroxyapatite and Poly-l-Lactide-Co-Glycolide Biomaterial in Maxillofacial Reconstructive Surgery: An In Vivo Preliminary Study.

Uncalcined/unsintered hydroxyapatite (HA) and poly-l-lactide-co-glycolide (u-HA/PLLA/PGA) are novel bioresorbable bioactive materials with bone regeneration characteristics and have been used to treat mandibular defects in a rat model. However, the bone regenerative interaction with the periosteum, the inflammatory response, and the degradation of this material have not been examined. In this study, we used a rat mandible model to compare the above features in u-HA/PLLA/PGA and uncalcined/unsintered HA and poly-l-lactic acid (u-HA/PLLA).