Ultrasound-guided perineural injection of the saphenous nerve in goat cadavers.

Background: Surgery of the goat stifle joint requires good perioperative analgesia, ideally without affecting motor function in the postoperative period.  The objective of this study was to describe an ultrasound-guided technique for saphenous nerve block in goats. Eleven fresh female goat cadavers from two different age groups were used: seven of them were four years old with a mean ± SD body weight of 65.

Comparison of Ultrasound-Guided Versus Anatomical Landmark-Guided Thoracolumbar Retrolaminar Techniques in Canine Cadavers.

The retrolaminar block was developed in humans as an easier and safer alternative to the thoracic paravertebral block. This study aims to describe an ultrasound-guided thoracolumbar retrolaminar injection in canine cadavers and compare the injectate distribution between a landmark-guided and an ultrasound-guided thoracolumbar retrolaminar technique using computed tomography. Ten canine cadavers were randomised to receive two injections each of 0.

Thoracolumbar Retrolaminar Block: Anatomical and Radiological Study of Injectate Pattern Distribution in Canine Cadavers.

The retrolaminar block is a regional anaesthetic technique, first developed in humans, in which the local anaesthetic is deposited directly onto the dorsal aspect of the thoracic or lumbar vertebral lamina. This study aims to evaluate the distribution of landmark-guided thoracolumbar retrolaminar injections in greyhound cadavers. Thirteen injections of contrast-dye solution were performed in eight cadavers at the level of the twelfth thoracic vertebra (T12), with either 20 mL (n = 8, high volume, HV) or 10 mL (n = 5, low volume, LV) per site.

Sacrococcygeal epidural administration of 0.5% bupivacaine in seven cats undergoing pelvic or hind limb orthopaedic procedures.

Background: Epidural administration of local anaesthetic agents provides good intraoperative antinociception for orthopaedic procedures of the pelvis and the pelvic limb. However, in cats the spinal cord extends approximately to the level of the first sacrococcygeal vertebra, and therefore the sacrococcygeal epidural could be a safer alternative to the lumbosacral epidural in cats. This case series describes perioperative analgesia and the haemodynamic status of seven client-owned cats that received sacrococcygeal epidural injection of 0.

Cardiovascular effects of dobutamine, norepinephrine and phenylephrine in isoflurane-anaesthetized dogs administered dexmedetomidine-vatinoxan.

Objective: To determine whether dobutamine, norepinephrine or phenylephrine infusions alleviate hypotension in isoflurane-anaesthetized dogs administered dexmedetomidine with vatinoxan.

Study Design: Balanced, randomized crossover trial.

Animals: A total of eight healthy Beagle dogs.

Thoracolumbar retrolaminar block in seven dogs undergoing spinal surgery.

Background: Thoracolumbar intervertebral disc extrusion is a common neurologic complaint in dogs and is associated with debilitating pain that requires careful analgesic management to avoid the transition to a chronic pain state. Recently, there has been an increased effort to incorporate regional anaesthetic techniques whenever possible, both for perioperative analgesia management and for prevention of chronic pain. A novel regional anaesthetic technique named retrolaminar block is a fascial plane block where the local anaesthetic is injected directly on top of the dorsal aspect of the vertebral lamina, in the fascial plane between the lamina and the epaxial muscles.

Comparison between continuous rate infusion and target-controlled infusion of propofol in dogs: a randomized clinical trial.

Objective: To compare a propofol continuous rate infusion (CRI) with a target-controlled infusion (TCI) in dogs.

Study Design: Randomized prospective double-blinded clinical study.

Animals: A total of 38 healthy client-owned dogs.

Lithium dilution cardiac output measurements in isoflurane-anaesthetised goats: Jugular versus cephalic lithium chloride administration.

The administration of lithium chloride (LiCl) for cardiac output (CO) measurement via a peripheral instead of a central vein has been described previously as a valid alternative route in pigs and dogs. The aim of the study was to compare CO measurements after administration of LiCl using two peripheral veins, cephalic or jugular, in goats. Ten adult, female, experimental goats undergoing bilateral stifle arthrotomy were recruited for the study.

Combination of intramuscular alfaxalone, butorphanol, and midazolam as a novel immobilization protocol in 3 ring-tailed lemurs ().

Background: There is very little data on the optimal anaesthetic management of ring-tailed lemurs, and the available information is mostly based on extrapolation from other species. In addition, a thorough pre-anaesthetic assessment of lemurs might not be possible without prior chemical immobilization, making a safe immobilization protocol essential.

Case Presentation: Three ring-tailed lemurs () were immobilized using a combination of intramuscular alfaxalone (5 mg/kg), butorphanol (0.

Investigation of the effects of vatinoxan on somatic and visceral antinociceptive efficacy of medetomidine in dogs.

Objective: To determine whether concurrent vatinoxan administration affects the antinociceptive efficacy of medetomidine in dogs at doses that provide circulating dexmedetomidine concentrations similar to those produced by medetomidine alone.

Animals: 8 healthy Beagles.

Procedures: Dogs received 3 IV treatments in a randomized crossover-design trial with a 2-week washout period between experiments (medetomidine [20 μg/kg], medetomidine [20 μg/kg] and vatinoxan [400 μg/kg], and medetomidine [40 μg/kg] and vatinoxan [800 μg/kg]; M20, M20V400, and M40V800, respectively).

Cardiopulmonary effects of vatinoxan in sevoflurane-anaesthetised sheep receiving dexmedetomidine.

The effects of pre-treatment with vatinoxan (MK-467) on dexmedetomidine-induced cardiopulmonary alterations were investigated in sheep. In a crossover study design with a 20-day washout, seven sheep were anaesthetised with sevoflurane in oxygen and air. The sheep were ventilated with the pressure-limited volume-controlled mode and a positive end-expiratory pressure of 5cmHO.

Evaluation of a transcutaneous method to assess canine liver function by indocyanine green plasma disappearance rate in healthy adult Beagle dogs.

A non-invasive, transcutaneous method using near infrared spectroscopy to assess indocyanine green plasma disappearance rate (ICG-PDR) in healthy dogs subjected to different conditions was evaluated in eight healthy purpose-bred Beagles under isoflurane-anaesthesia (Trial 1) and when they had initially recovered from anaesthesia (Trial 2). Plasma ICG concentrations (0, 5, 10, 15, 30 min after rapid ICG injection (0.5 mg/kg) into a peripheral vein were determined by high-performance liquid chromatography in parallel with transcutaneous measurements.

Imaging diagnosis-ultrasonographic and CT findings in a gray seal (Halichoerus grypus) with hepatic cirrhosis, pyelonephritis, and nephrolithiasis.

An immature gray seal was presented with lethargy, weight loss, vomiting and hematuria. Hepatic disease and urinary tract infection were suspected. Abdominal ultrasound showed hyperechoic structures with marked acoustic shadowing spread throughout both kidneys, but incomplete visualization of the liver.

Surgical repair of a tibial fracture in a two-week-old grey seal (Halichoerus grypus).

Objective: To report the successful management of a suspected infected tibial fracture in a common grey seal.

Study Design: Case report.

Animal: Female common grey seal (Halichoerus grypus), 2 weeks old, 20 kg.

Intratesticular lidocaine reduces the response to surgical castration in dogs.

Objective: To investigate whether intratesticular injection of lidocaine pre-surgery would reduce the intraoperative responses to elective castration in dogs.

Study Design: Double-blinded, randomized, controlled, prospective clinical study.

Animals: Forty-two client-owned dogs weighing 2.

Pravastatin reduces Marfan aortic dilation.

Background: The sequelae of aortic root dilation are the lethal consequences of Marfan syndrome. The root dilation is attributable to an imbalance between deposition of matrix elements and metalloproteinases in the aortic medial layer as a result of excessive transforming growth factor-beta signaling. This study examined the efficacy and mechanism of statins in attenuating aortic root dilation in Marfan syndrome and compared effects to the other main proposed preventative agent, losartan.

Anaesthesia of three young grey seals (Halichoerus grypus) for fracture repair.

Three young grey seals (Halichoerus grypus) were presented separately for fracture repair to the veterinary teaching hospital of University College Dublin. The seals were premedicated with a combination of pethidine, midazolam and atropine; anaesthesia was induced with propofol via the front flipper vein and maintained with sevoflurane or isoflurane in oxygen. One of the seals did not breathe spontaneously after anaesthesia; a cardiac arrest, resulting in death, occurred after several hours of mechanical ventilation.