Cognition in (pre)symptomatic Dutch-type hereditary and sporadic cerebral amyloid angiopathy.

Introduction: Cerebral amyloid angiopathy (CAA) is a main cause of cognitive dysfunction in the elderly. We investigated specific cognitive profiles, cognitive function in the stage before intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH), and the association between magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) based cerebral small vessel disease (cSVD) burden in CAA because data on these topics are limited.

Methods: We included Dutch-type hereditary CAA (D-CAA) mutation carriers with and without ICH, patients with sporadic CAA (sCAA), and age-matched controls.

Neuropsychiatric symptoms with focus on apathy and irritability in sporadic and hereditary cerebral amyloid angiopathy.

Background: Neuropsychiatric symptoms (NPS) may affect cognition, but their burden in cerebral amyloid angiopathy (CAA), one of the main causes of intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) and dementia in the elderly, remains unclear. We investigated NPS, with emphasis on apathy and irritability in sporadic (sCAA) and Dutch-type hereditary (D-)CAA.

Methods: We included patients with sCAA and (pre)symptomatic D-CAA, and controls from four prospective cohort studies.

Predicting Motor Outcome and Quality of Life After Subthalamic Deep Brain Stimulation for Parkinson's Disease: The Role of Standard Screening Measures and Wearable-Data.

Background: Standardized screening for subthalamic deep brain stimulation (STN DBS) in Parkinson's disease (PD) patients is crucial to determine eligibility, but its utility to predict postoperative outcomes in eligible patients is inconclusive. It is unknown whether wearable data can contribute to this aim.

Objective: To evaluate the utility of universal components incorporated in the DBS screening, complemented by a wearable sensor, to predict motor outcomes and Quality of life (QoL) one year after STN DBS surgery.

Clinical outcome in patients with suspected inflammatory neuropsychiatric lupus treated with immunosuppression: an observational cohort study.

Background: The short-term and long-term outcome of inflammatory neuropsychiatric SLE (NPSLE) with immunosuppressive treatment is largely unknown. We used clinical data from our tertiary referral centre for NPSLE to investigate the type of inflammatory NPSLE manifestations, type of immunosuppressive treatment prescribed for these manifestations and clinical outcomes.

Methods: All patients with SLE visiting the Leiden University Medical Centre NPSLE clinic between 2007 and 2021 receiving immunosuppressive therapy for neuropsychiatric symptoms were included.

High Prevalence but Low Impact of Cognitive Dysfunction on Quality of Life in Patients With Lupus and Neuropsychiatric Symptoms.

Objective: To evaluate the prevalence and impact of cognitive impairment on health-related-quality of life (HRQoL) in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and neuropsychiatric (NP) symptoms.

Methods: Patients with SLE and NP symptoms referred to the Leiden NPSLE clinic (2007-2019) were included. In a multidisciplinary evaluation, NP symptoms were attributed to SLE (NPSLE: inflammatory, ischemic, or both combined) or other causes.

Patient-Related Factors Influencing Caregiver Burden in Parkinson's Disease Patients: Comparison of Effects Before and After Deep Brain Stimulation.

Background: Caregivers of Parkinson's disease (PD) patients provide important support during the pre- and postoperative phase of deep brain stimulation (DBS). High levels of caregiver burden have been reported after DBS. However, a comparison between preoperative and postoperative burden and associated factors has been insufficiently studied.

Self-reported work productivity in people with multiple sclerosis and its association with mental and physical health.

Purpose: This study aimed to identify mental health, physical health, demographic and disease characteristics relating to work productivity in people with multiple sclerosis (MS).

Methods: In this cross-sectional study, 236 employed people with MS (median age = 42 years, 78.8% female) underwent neurological and neuropsychological assessments.

Cross-cohort generalizability of deep and conventional machine learning for MRI-based diagnosis and prediction of Alzheimer's disease.

This work validates the generalizability of MRI-based classification of Alzheimer's disease (AD) patients and controls (CN) to an external data set and to the task of prediction of conversion to AD in individuals with mild cognitive impairment (MCI). We used a conventional support vector machine (SVM) and a deep convolutional neural network (CNN) approach based on structural MRI scans that underwent either minimal pre-processing or more extensive pre-processing into modulated gray matter (GM) maps. Classifiers were optimized and evaluated using cross-validation in the Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative (ADNI; 334 AD, 520 CN).

Preoperative Electroencephalography-Based Machine Learning Predicts Cognitive Deterioration After Subthalamic Deep Brain Stimulation.

Background: Subthalamic deep brain stimulation (STN DBS) may relieve refractory motor complications in Parkinson's disease (PD) patients. Despite careful screening, it remains difficult to determine severity of alpha-synucleinopathy involvement which influences the risk of postoperative complications including cognitive deterioration. Quantitative electroencephalography (qEEG) reflects cognitive dysfunction in PD and may provide biomarkers of postoperative cognitive decline.

Vigilance: discussion of related concepts and proposal for a definition.

We reviewed current definitions of vigilance to propose a definition, applicable in sleep medicine. As previous definitions contained terms such as attention, alertness, and arousal, we addressed these concepts too. We defined alertness as a quantitative measure of the mind state governing sensitivity to stimuli.

Mortality in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus and neuropsychiatric involvement: A retrospective analysis from a tertiary referral center in the Netherlands.

Objective: We aimed to evaluate all-cause and cause-specific mortality in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and neuropsychiatric (NP) symptoms in the Netherlands between 2007-2018.

Methods: Patients visiting the tertiary referral NPSLE clinic of the Leiden University Medical Center were included. NP symptoms were attributed to SLE requiring treatment (major NPSLE) or to other and mild causes (minor/non-NPSLE).

Effect of deep brain stimulation on caregivers of patients with Parkinson's disease: A systematic review.

Background: Caregivers of patients with Parkinson's Disease (PD) often provide important support in the pre- and postoperative phase of Deep Brain Stimulation (DBS). DBS-associated changes of patient-functioning may affect caregiver wellbeing and impact the support system. Factors influencing caregiver-wellbeing under these circumstances are incompletely known.

The Association Between Biomarkers and Neuropsychiatric Symptoms Across the Alzheimer's Disease Spectrum.

Objective: To investigate the relationship between Alzheimer's disease biomarkers and neuropsychiatric symptoms.

Methods: Data from two large cohort studies, the Dutch Parelsnoer Institute - Neurodegenerative Diseases and the Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative was used, including subjects with subjective cognitive decline (N = 650), mild cognitive impairment (N = 887), and Alzheimer's disease dementia (N = 626). Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) levels of Aβ, t-tau, p-tau, and hippocampal volume were associated with neuropsychiatric symptoms (measured with the Neuropsychiatric Inventory) using multiple logistic regression analyses.

Cognitive functioning as a predictor of employment status in relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis: a 2-year longitudinal study.

Background: Cognitive functioning has been linked to employment outcomes in multiple sclerosis (MS) in cross-sectional studies. Longitudinal studies are however lacking and previous studies did not extensively examine executive functioning.

Objectives: We examined whether baseline cognitive functioning predicts a change in employment status after 2 years, while taking into account mood, fatigue and disability level.

Visual Object Perception in Premanifest and Early Manifest Huntington's Disease.

Objective: In Huntington's disease (HD), a hereditary neurodegenerative disorder, cognitive impairment in early disease stages mainly involves executive dysfunction. However, visual cognitive deficits have additionally been reported and are of clinical relevance given their influence on daily life and overall cognitive performance. This study aimed to assess visual perceptual skills in HD gene carriers.

Early Magnetic Resonance Imaging and Cognitive Markers of Hereditary Cerebral Amyloid Angiopathy.

Background And Purpose: Early markers for cerebral amyloid angiopathy are largely unknown. We aimed to identify which magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) (performed at 7 and 3T) and cognitive markers are an early sign in (pre) symptomatic subjects with hereditary cerebral hemorrhage with amyloidosis-Dutch type.

Methods: Twenty-seven DNA-proven Dutch-type mutation carriers (15 symptomatic and 12 presymptomatic) (mean age of 45.

The MS@Work study: a 3-year prospective observational study on factors involved with work participation in patients with relapsing-remitting Multiple Sclerosis.

Background: Multiple Sclerosis (MS) is the most common cause of neurological disability in young and middle-aged adults. At this stage in life most people are in the midst of their working career. The majority of MS patients are unable to retain employment within 10 years from disease onset.

Association between changes in brain microstructure and cognition in older subjects at increased risk for vascular disease.

Background: The purpose of this study is to investigate whether changes in brain microstructure, detected by magnetization transfer imaging, are associated with cognition in older subjects at increased risk for vascular disease.

Methods: One hundred ninety three nondemented subjects (105 men, mean age 77 ± 3 years) from the Prospective Study of Pravastatin in the Elderly at Risk were included. To assess cross-sectional associations between magnetization transfer ratio (MTR) peak height and cognitive test scores, general linear model multivariate analysis was performed.

Cortical phase changes measured using 7-T MRI in subjects with subjective cognitive impairment, and their association with cognitive function.

Studies have suggested that, in subjects with subjective cognitive impairment (SCI), Alzheimer's disease (AD)-like changes may occur in the brain. Recently, an in vivo study has indicated the potential of ultra-high-field MRI to visualize amyloid-beta (Aβ)-associated changes in the cortex in patients with AD, manifested by a phase shift on T2 *-weighted MRI scans. The main aim of this study was to investigate whether cortical phase shifts on T2 *-weighted images at 7 T in subjects with SCI can be detected, possibly implicating the deposition of Aβ plaques and associated iron.

A pilot study on factors involved with work participation in the early stages of multiple sclerosis.

Background: Up to 30% of recently diagnosed MS patients lose their jobs in the first four years after diagnosis. Taking into account the personal and socio-economic importance of sustaining employment, it is of the utmost importance to examine factors involved with work participation.

Objective: To investigate differences in self-reported functioning in recently diagnosed MS patients with and without a paid job.

Nonlinguistic cognitive impairment in poststroke aphasia: a prospective study.

Background And Objectives: Information on cognitive impairment in aphasic patients is limited. Our aim was to investigate the prevalence and course of nonlinguistic cognitive impairments in the first year after stroke and their association with aphasia and functional outcome.

Methods: We included 147 patients with acute aphasia.

Longitudinal pilot-study of Sustained Attention to Response Task and P300 in manifest and pre-manifest Huntington's disease.

Background: Earlier research has found cross-sectional attentional control deficits in manifest Huntington's disease (HD) using neuropsychological testing combined with simultaneous P300 registration. In the current pilot-study, we investigate attentional control in pre-manifest and manifest HD over a 3-year follow-up period.

Method: Five manifest HD (MHD), 9 pre-manifest HD (PMHD), and 12 control subjects were included.

Increased functional connectivity and brain atrophy in elderly with subjective memory complaints.

Subjective memory complaints (SMC) are common among elderly. Although subtle changes in memory functioning can hardly be determined using neuropsychological evaluation, neuroimaging studies indicate regionally smaller brain structures in elderly with SMC. Imaging of resting-state functional connectivity is sensitive to detect changes in neurodegenerative diseases, but is currently underexplored in SMC.