Effects of interleukin-1 receptor antagonism in women with polycystic ovary syndrome-the FertIL trial.

Introduction: Chronic low-grade inflammation might contribute to hyperandrogenemia and metabolic complications in polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). The proinflammatory cytokine interleukin (IL)-1 stimulates androgen production from ovarian cells, whereas blockade of the IL-1 pathway improves cardiometabolic health. We aimed to investigate whether blocking the IL-1 pathway ameliorates hyperandrogenemia in patients with PCOS.

Arginine or Hypertonic Saline-Stimulated Copeptin to Diagnose AVP Deficiency.

Background: Distinguishing between arginine vasopressin (AVP) deficiency and primary polydipsia is challenging. Hypertonic saline-stimulated copeptin has been used to diagnose AVP deficiency with high accuracy but requires close sodium monitoring. Arginine-stimulated copeptin has shown similar diagnostic accuracy but with a simpler test protocol.

Digital elevation models of the sea-ice surface from airborne laser scanning during MOSAiC.

Airborne laser scanners (ALS) are used to map the sea-ice surface at sub-meter resolution. We conducted 64 flights over the Arctic sea ice between September 2019 and September 2020 during the Multidisciplinary drifting Observatory for the Study of Arctic Climate (MOSAiC) expedition to measure sea-ice surface elevation. The flights ranged from repeated, local-scale 5 × 5 km floe grid surveys to regional-scale transects more than 100 km long.

Helicopter-borne RGB orthomosaics and photogrammetric digital elevation models from the MOSAiC Expedition.

The Multidisciplinary Drifting Observatory for the Study of Arctic Climate (MOSAiC) expedition took place between October 2019 and September 2020 giving the rare opportunity to monitor sea-ice properties over a full annual cycle. Here we present 24 high-resolution orthomosaics and 14 photogrammetric digital elevation models of the sea-ice surface around the icebreaker RV Polarstern between March and September 2020. The dataset is based on >34.

Oxytocin in response to MDMA provocation test in patients with arginine vasopressin deficiency (central diabetes insipidus): a single-centre, case-control study with nested, randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled crossover trial.

Background: Disruptions of the hypothalamic-pituitary axis can cause an arginine vasopressin deficiency, also known as central diabetes insipidus. Patients with this condition are at high risk of additional oxytocin deficiency owing to the close anatomical proximity of oxytocin-producing neurons; however, no conclusive evidence for such a deficiency has been reported. We aimed to use 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA, also known as ecstasy), a strong activator of the central oxytocinergic system, as a biochemical and psychoactive provocation test to investigate oxytocin deficiency in patients with arginine vasopressin deficiency (central diabetes insipidus).

Predictability of Arctic sea ice on weather time scales.

The field of Arctic sea ice prediction on "weather time scales" is still in its infancy with little existing understanding of the limits of predictability. This is especially true for sea ice deformation along so-called Linear Kinematic Features (LKFs) including leads that are relevant for marine operations. Here the potential predictability of the sea ice pack in the wintertime Arctic up to ten days ahead is determined, exploiting the fact that sea ice-ocean models start to show skill at representing sea ice deformation at high spatial resolutions.

Scaling Properties of Arctic Sea Ice Deformation in a High-Resolution Viscous-Plastic Sea Ice Model and in Satellite Observations.

Sea ice models with the traditional viscous-plastic (VP) rheology and very small horizontal grid spacing can resolve leads and deformation rates localized along Linear Kinematic Features (LKF). In a 1 km pan-Arctic sea ice-ocean simulation, the small-scale sea ice deformations are evaluated with a scaling analysis in relation to satellite observations of the Envisat Geophysical Processor System (EGPS) in the Central Arctic. A new coupled scaling analysis for data on Eulerian grids is used to determine the spatial and temporal scaling and the coupling between temporal and spatial scales.

The Addition of Liquid Fructose to a Western-Type Diet in LDL-R Mice Induces Liver Inflammation and Fibrogenesis Markers without Disrupting Insulin Receptor Signalling after an Insulin Challenge.

A high consumption of fat and simple sugars, especially fructose, has been related to the development of insulin resistance, but the mechanisms involved in the effects of these nutrients are not fully understood. This study investigates the effects of a Western-type diet and liquid fructose supplementation, alone and combined, on insulin signalling and inflammation in low-density lipoprotein (LDL) receptor-deficient mice (LDL-R). LDL-R mice were fed chow or Western diet ±15% fructose solution for 12 weeks.

Liquid fructose in Western-diet-fed mice impairs liver insulin signaling and causes cholesterol and triglyceride loading without changing calorie intake and body weight.

Background/objectives: Liquid fructose associates with prevalence of type 2 diabetes mellitus and obesity. Intervention studies suggest that metabolically unfit individuals are more responsive than healthy individuals to liquid fructose. We determined whether mice consuming an obesogenic Western diet were more responsive than chow-fed mice to the alterations induced by liquid fructose supplementation (LFS).

["Good dying"--definition and current state of research].

The advances of modern medicine did not only result in prolongation of life expectancy, but also led to a shift from dying at home to dying in public institutions. In western countries most people die at advanced age in medical facilities. Hence, the question regarding the conditions, which should be provided by society and especially medicine, to allow terminally ill people to experience "good dying" is substantial.

Inpatient and outpatient costs in patients with coronary artery disease and mental disorders: a systematic review.

Background: To systematically review in- and outpatient costs in patients with coronary artery disease (CAD) and comorbid mental disorders.

Methods: A comprehensive database search was conducted for studies investigating persons with CAD and comorbid mental disorders (Medline, EMBASE, PsycINFO, Psyndex, EconLit, IBSS). All studies were included which allowed a comparison of in- and outpatient health care costs (assessed either monetarily or in terms of health care utilization) of CAD patients with comorbid mental disorders (mood, anxiety, alcohol, eating, somatoform and personality disorders) and those without.

Fructose supplementation impairs rat liver autophagy through mTORC activation without inducing endoplasmic reticulum stress.

Supplementation with 10% liquid fructose to female rats for 2weeks caused hepatic steatosis through increased lipogenesis and reduced peroxisome proliferator activated receptor (PPAR) α activity and fatty acid catabolism, together with increased expression of the spliced form of X-binding protein-1 (Rebollo et al., 2014). In the present study, we show that some of these effects are preserved after sub-chronic (8weeks) fructose supplementation, specifically increased hepatic expression of lipid synthesis-related genes (stearoyl-CoA desaturase, ×6.

Psychological and pharmacological interventions for depression in patients with diabetes mellitus: an abridged Cochrane review.

Aims: To summarize and critically evaluate the effectiveness of psychological and pharmacological interventions for depression in patients with both diabetes and depression.

Methods: Randomized controlled trials investigating psychological and pharmacological interventions for depression in adults with diabetes and depression were included. A comprehensive search of primary studies according to Cochrane were conducted.

Psychological and pharmacological interventions for depression in patients with diabetes mellitus and depression.

Background: Depression occurs frequently in patients with diabetes mellitus and is associated with a poor prognosis.

Objectives: To determine the effects of psychological and pharmacological interventions for depression in patients with diabetes and depression.

Search Methods: Electronic databases were searched for records to December 2011.

Indirect costs in patients with coronary artery disease and mental disorders: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Objectives: The aim of the present study was to systematically review the association of comorbid mental disorders with indirect health care costs in patients with coronary artery disease (CAD).

Materials And Methods: A comprehensive database search was conducted for studies investigating persons with CAD and comorbid mental disorders (Medline, EMBASE, PsycINFO, Psyndex, EconLit, IBSS). All studies were included, which allowed for a comparison of indirect health care costs between CAD patients with comorbid mental disorders and CAD patients without mental disorders.

Are depression and anxiety determinants or indicators of quality of life in breast cancer patients?

Depression and anxiety are associated with a decline of health-related quality of life (QoL) in breast cancer patients, and the present study aims to investigate the longitudinal relationship of depression and anxiety with QoL in breast cancer patients. Depression and anxiety (HADS) as well as QoL (EORTC QLQ-C30) were assessed at baseline and six-month follow-up in 118 breast cancer patients and analysed using cross-lagged partial correlation analysis (CLPC). There were significant partial correlations between depression and anxiety at baseline and physical functioning, emotional functioning and "global health and QoL" at six-month follow-up (range of pr = -0.

Collaborative care for depression in medically ill patients.

Purpose Of Review: Depression is common in medically ill patients and associated with a negative prognosis. Recent findings indicate that single interventions have little effect on outcomes in these patients. Alternatively, complex interventions based on a collaborative care model are promising.

Direct and indirect costs in persons with chronic back pain and comorbid mental disorders--a systematic review.

Objective: Direct inpatient and outpatient healthcare costs as well as indirect costs (e.g. productivity losses) are hypothesized to be increased in chronic back pain (CBP) patients with mental disorders.

Psychological and pharmacological interventions for depression in patients with coronary artery disease.

Background: Depression occurs frequently in patients with coronary artery disease (CAD) and is associated with a poor prognosis.

Objectives: To determine the effects of psychological and pharmacological interventions for depression in CAD patients with comorbid depression.

Search Strategy: CENTRAL, DARE, HTA and EED on The Cochrane Library, MEDLINE, EMBASE, PsycINFO, CINAHL, ISRCTN Register and CardioSource Registry were searched.

Health care costs in persons with asthma and comorbid mental disorders: a systematic review.

Objective: The aim of this study was to systematically review the impact of comorbid mental disorders on health care costs in adult persons with asthma.

Method: A comprehensive search for studies investigating adult persons (≥18 years) with asthma was conducted. All studies were included, which allowed a comparison of health care utilization and costs between asthma patients with mental disorders and asthma patients without.

Quality of life in medically ill persons with comorbid mental disorders: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Background: This systematic review aims to investigate the association between comorbid mental disorders and quality of life (QoL) in patients with chronic medical diseases.

Methods: Studies investigating adults with diabetes mellitus, coronary artery disease, asthma, chronic back pain and colorectal cancer were included. Two reviewers independently extracted data and assessed methodological criteria.

Healthcare costs in patients with diabetes mellitus and comorbid mental disorders--a systematic review.

Aims/hypothesis: We systematically reviewed the impact of comorbid mental disorders on healthcare costs in persons with diabetes.

Method: We conducted a comprehensive search for studies investigating adult persons (≥ 18 years old) with diabetes mellitus. All studies that allowed comparison of healthcare costs between diabetic patients with mental disorders and those without were included.

Microstructured poly(2-oxazoline) bottle-brush brushes on nanocrystalline diamond.

We report on the preparation of microstructured poly(2-oxazoline) bottle-brush brushes (BBBs) on nanocrystalline diamond (NCD). Structuring of NCD was performed by photolithography and plasma treatment to result in a patterned NCD surface with oxidized and hydrogenated areas. Self-initiated photografting and photopolymerization (SIPGP) of 2-isopropenyl-2-oxazoline (IPOx) resulted in selective grafting of poly(2-isopropenyl-2-oxazoline) (PIPOx) polymer brushes only at the oxidized NCD areas.

Health care utilisation and quality of life in individuals with diabetes and comorbid mental disorders.

Objective: To investigate the association of comorbid mental disorders with health care utilisation and quality of life (QoL) in persons with diabetes (PWD).

Method: Data were drawn from the German National Health Interview and Examination Survey (GNHIES). Mental disorders in PWD (n=146) were assessed by means of a standardised clinical interview for mental disorders (M-CIDI).