Examining the Reliability and Validity of Coding Perceived Force Severity and Bracing in the NHL Concussion Spotter Program.

Background: Data obtained from the National Hockey League (NHL) have shown that a risk prediction model, including both visible signs and mechanisms of injury, improves the identification of possible concussion. However, only about half of concussions diagnosed by club medical staff in the NHL exhibit visible signs. At present, the NHL concussion spotter protocol does not include central league spotters' subjective judgments of the severity of forces associated with a direct hit to the head (perceived force severity [PFS]) or whether players brace before a hit (bracing).

Altered inter-segmental coordination in athletes with a history of concussion.

Concussion-recovered athletes have a higher risk of injury following return to sport. This study investigated the effect of history of concussion on the pattern and variability of inter-segmental coordination in athletes during squat jumps and timed squat and hinge tasks. A human pose estimation algorithm was applied to videos of 111 athletes (72 with no history of concussion (NOHX), 9 within 1 year of concussion (CONC1), 30 more than one-year post-concussion (CONC2) performing a series of movement tasks.

A Machine Learning Approach to Concussion Risk Estimation Among Players Exhibiting Visible Signs in Professional Hockey.

Background: The identification of concussion risk factors, such as visible signs and mechanisms of injury, improves concussion identification. Exploring individual risk factors, such as concussion history, may help to improve existing concussion risk models and algorithms.

Objectives: The primary aim of the current study was to use machine learning techniques to develop a comprehensive, prospectively coded concussion risk model in professional hockey among players exhibiting visible signs.

Transmembrane protein 53 craniotubular dysplasia (OMIM # 619727): The skeletal disease and consequent blindness of this new disorder.

Craniotubular dysplasia, Ikegawa type (OMIM #619727) denotes the autosomal recessive skeletal disease identified in 2021 featuring blindness acquired in childhood. Five young members of four Indian families harbored a homozygous indel within TMEM53 (OMIM *619722), the gene that encodes transmembrane protein 53 (TMEM53). When intact, TMEM53 spans the nuclear envelope of osteoprogenitor cells, dampens BMP-SMAD signaling, and thereby slows bone formation.

Mixed Methods Illustration of Teachers' Trauma-Informed Attitudes and Practice.

Traumatic events during childhood are crucial to consider when addressing children's social and emotional development, as childhood trauma is associated with negative impacts, including academic achievement. Additionally, positive classroom environments and teachers' trauma-informed attitudes and behavior play a role in supporting recovery from children's trauma-related experiences. Aspire, Connect, Thrive (ACT) is a trauma-informed school-based intervention that examined students' Social Emotional Competence (SEC) and resilience for K-8th grade students in a disadvantaged, urban elementary school in Connecticut contending with the effects of students' exposure to trauma.

An assessment of beliefs about mental health care among community-based adults with severe, untreated alcohol use disorder.

Objective: Alcohol use disorder (AUD) is among the most prevalent substance use disorders in the USA. Despite availability of effective interventions, treatment initiation and engagement remain low. Existing interventions target motivation and practical barriers to accessing treatment among individuals established within treatment systems.

A Multimodal Exertional Test for concussion: a pilot study in healthy athletes.

Introduction: Exertional tests have become a promising tool to assist clinicians in the management of concussions, however require expensive equipment, extensive spaces, and specialized clinician expertise. As such, we developed a test with minimal resource requirements encompassing key elements of sport and physical activity. The purpose of this study was to pilot test the Multimodal Exertional Test (MET) protocol in a sample of healthy interuniversity athletes.

Long-read sequencing for fast and robust identification of correct genome-edited alleles: PCR-based and Cas9 capture methods.

Background: Recent developments in CRISPR/Cas9 genome-editing tools have facilitated the introduction of precise alleles, including genetic intervals spanning several kilobases, directly into the embryo. However, the introduction of donor templates, via homology directed repair, can be erroneous or incomplete and these techniques often produce mosaic founder animals. Thus, newly generated alleles must be verified at the sequence level across the targeted locus.

A novel gelatinized barium sulfate injection method for assessment of bronchoalveolar lavage parameters.

Introduction: Bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) is frequently used in pulmonary medicine though it requires further optimization. Practical obstacles such as patient safety and procedural limitation have to date precluded large, controlled trials aimed at standardization of BAL procedure. Indeed, BAL guidelines are based on observational data.

Synthesis of [C]BIIB104, an α-Amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic-Acid-Positive Allosteric Modulator, and Evaluation of the Bio-Distribution in Non-Human Primate Brains Using Positron Emission Tomography.

The aim of this study was to measure the brain penetrance and kinetics of BIIB104, a first-in-class AMPA receptor potentiator developed for cognitive impairment associated with schizophrenia. It was recently halted in phase 2 clinical development, and there are a lack of tools to directly measure AMPA receptor engagement. To achieve this, the drug candidate was radiolabeled with carbon-11, and its brain penetrance and kinetics were measured in non-human primates via dynamic PET scans.

Whole blood stimulation provides preliminary evidence of altered immune function following SRC.

Purpose: To implement an approach combining whole blood immune stimulation and causal modelling to estimate the impact of sport-related concussion (SRC) on immune function.

Methods: A prospective, observational cohort study was conducted on athletes participating across 13 university sports at a single academic institute; blood was drawn from 52 athletes, comprised of 22 athletes (n = 11 male, n = 11 female) within seven days of a physician-diagnosed SRC, and 30 healthy athletes (n = 18 female, n = 12 male) at the beginning of their competitive season. Blood samples were stimulated for 24 h under two conditions: (1) lipopolysaccharide (lps, 100ng/mL) or (2) resiquimod (R848, 1uM) using the TruCulture® system.

Characterisation and prion transmission study in mice with genetic reduction of sporadic Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease risk gene Stx6.

Sporadic Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (sCJD), the most common human prion disease, is thought to occur when the cellular prion protein (PrP) spontaneously misfolds and assembles into prion fibrils, culminating in fatal neurodegeneration. In a genome-wide association study of sCJD, we recently identified risk variants in and around the gene STX6, with evidence to suggest a causal increase of STX6 expression in disease-relevant brain regions. STX6 encodes syntaxin-6, a SNARE protein primarily involved in early endosome to trans-Golgi network retrograde transport.

Concussion Characteristics in the National Hockey League Before and After the Introduction of Rule 48.

Importance: A rule prohibiting a direct hit to the lateral side of the head (ie, Rule 48-Illegal Check to the Head) was introduced in the National Hockey League (NHL) in the 2010-2011 season and refined in the 2011-2012 season to widen the application to include direct contact to all areas of the head.

Objective: To compare the incidence and proportion of concussions that occurred following hits to the head before and after the implementation of Rule 48.

Design, Setting, And Participants: This retrospective cohort study used a before and after design to evaluate concussions among NHL players in regular season games.

Youth intentions to provide social support to a peer with a concussion.

Objectives: 1) To describe demographic factors, concussion knowledge, attitudes, subjective norms, self-efficacy and intentions to provide social support to a peer with a concussion and 2) to examine if demographic factors and concussion knowledge are associated with components of the Theory of Planned Behavior.

Methods: The survey was completed between October 2018 and February 2019 by 200 youth ( = 15.30 years,  = 1.

Brief, cognitive-behavioral intervention to promote treatment seeking in adults with severe alcohol use disorder: A randomized controlled trial.

Background And Aims: There is little RCT evidence that brief interventions improve treatment seeking in individuals with severe alcohol use disorder (AUD) or treatment seeking reduces alcohol use. The aim was to test the efficacy of a brief intervention to increase treatment seeking in treatment naïve adults with severe AUD and measure its effects on alcohol use.

Design: Parallel group, non-pharmacologic RCT with intervention (n = 197) and active control (n = 203) conditions, with blinded assessors conducting follow-ups at 1, 3 and 6 months.

Youth Mobile Response and Stabilization Services: Factors Associated with Multiple Episodes of Care.

Mobile response and stabilization services (MRSS) provide short-term, community-based, care to individuals in crisis. Minimal studies have explored which factors are associated with multiple episodes of MRSS care. We used a retrospective cohort design of MRSS electronic health records to explore demographic and clinical characteristics associated with multiple episodes of care among 2,641 youth ages 5-21 years old in New York, USA.

UK-wide risk factor study of broiler carcases highly contaminated with Campylobacter.

Campylobacter is a major cause of food poisoning and is typically the most common cause of gastroenteritis in the UK. Data collected at broiler farm and abattoir level, for slaughter batches that were sampled for UK-wide monitoring, were used to generate two epidemiological risk factor models. A total of 483 batches slaughtered between January 2016 and March 2017 were used in the analysis, coming from 19 abattoirs representing more than 85% of UK broiler production.

A Continuous Aerobic Resistance Exercise Protocol for Concussion Rehabilitation Delivered Remotely via a Mobile App: Feasibility Study.

Background: In recent years, several studies have consistently reported the beneficial effects of aerobic exercise in alleviating symptoms following concussion. However, exercise modality recommendations by practitioners are often limited to traditional exercise equipment (eg, treadmills and stationary bikes). Advances in digital technologies may help to overcome this limitation, as mobile apps can now provide users with high-quality instructional videos, programs, and monitoring capabilities using alternative modalities such as resistance exercises.

Investigating TSPO levels in occupation-related posttraumatic stress disorder.

Microglia are immune brain cells implicated in stress-related mental illnesses including posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Their role in the pathophysiology of PTSD, and on neurobiological systems that regulate stress, is not completely understood. We tested the hypothesis that microglia activation, in fronto-limbic brain regions involved in PTSD, would be elevated in participants with occupation-related PTSD.

Association between pediatric TBI and mental health and substance use disorders: A scoping review.

Background: The relationship between pediatric Traumatic Brain Injury (TBI) and long-term mental health and substance use disorders is not well known, resulting in inadequate prevention and management strategies. The aim of this scoping review is to review the evidence on pediatric TBI and the development of mental health disorders and substance use later in life and to identify gaps in the literature to inform future research.

Methods: We searched multiple databases for original articles published between September 2002 and September 2022 on TBI-related mental health and/or substance use disorders in children and youth.