A novel, multi-component contingency management intervention in the context of a syndemic of drug-related harms in Glasgow, Scotland: First year of the 'WAND' initiative.

Background: To address high levels of drug-related harms among people who inject drugs (PWID) in Glasgow, a novel contingency management intervention was developed to engage high-risk PWID with four harm reduction measures (known as the WAND initiative: ound care, ssessment of injecting, aloxone, and ried blood-spot test). Our aims were to assess if WAND engaged and re-engaged high-risk PWID.

Methods: Baseline data of WAND participants (n = 831) from 1st Sept-2020 to 30th Aug-2021 were analysed.

Development of the Migraine-Related Stigma (MiRS) Questionnaire: Results of the OVERCOME (US) Study.

Background: Stigma is emerging as an important social contributor to migraine-related disability and other outcomes. Currently, there are no published validated measures of migraine-specific measures of stigma.

Objectives: This secondary post hoc analysis of a cross-sectional cohort study aimed to develop a questionnaire to evaluate migraine-related stigma.

Iodine-Promoted C-H Bond Amination Reaction for the Synthesis of Fused Tricyclic Heteroarenes.

Fused heterocyclic scaffolds, such as benzimidazoles or larger ring systems containing a benzimidazole fragment, are frequently encountered in pharmaceutical compounds and other biologically active molecules. While there are many examples of N9- and/or C3-substituted 9-benzo[4,5]imidazo[2,1-][1,2,4]triazoles, current examples of the regioselective preparation of N1-substituted 1-benzo[4,5]imidazo[2,1-][1,2,4]triazoles are limited to N1-aryl substituted compounds, which also contain a C3-substituent. Here, we report an iodine-promoted C-H bond amination reaction that allows the selective preparation of 1-benzo[4,5]imidazo[2,1-][1,2,4]triazoles with a variety of aryl and alkyl N1-substituents.

Rising mortality among people who inject drugs living with HIV in Scotland, UK: A 20-year retrospective cohort study.

Objectives: Our aim was to examine mortality trends in the era of antiretroviral therapy, among people who inject drugs (PWID) who are living with HIV. The study objectives were to assess and quantify mortality among PWID diagnosed with HIV over time in Scotland, in the context of a recent outbreak of HIV and rise in drug-related mortality.

Methods: This was a retrospective cohort study of those diagnosed with HIV in Scotland between January 2000 and February 2020, with acquisition related to injecting drug use, linked to mortality data.

Associations between sex and lifestyle activities with cognitive reserve in mid-life adults with genetic risk for Alzheimer's disease.

Background: Females have a higher age-adjusted incidence of Alzheimer's Disease (AD) than males, even when accounting for longer lifespan and, therefore, stand to benefit the most from dementia prevention efforts. As exposure to many modifiable risk factors for dementia begins in mid-life, interventions must be implemented from middle-age. Building cognitive reserve, particularly through stimulating avocational activities and occupational attainment presents a crucial, underexplored, dementia prevention approach for mid-life.

Safety of Rimegepant in Adults with Migraine and Anxiety, Depression, or Using Antidepressants: Analysis of a Multicenter, Long-Term, Open-Label Study.

Introduction: Anxiety and depression are frequently associated with migraine, and antidepressant use can complicate treatment. These analyses assessed the safety and tolerability of rimegepant in participants with migraine and anxiety and/or depression, or using selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) and/or other antidepressants.

Methods: Data were from a phase II/III safety study of rimegepant for the acute treatment of migraine.

Examining trends in the incidence of HIV infection among people with a history of drug use to inform an outbreak investigation and response: A retrospective cohort study.

Background: In the context of an outbreak of HIV among people who inject drugs in Glasgow, Scotland, identified in 2015, our objectives were to: (1) develop epidemiological methods to estimate HIV incidence using data linkage, and (2) examine temporal changes in HIV incidence to inform public health responses.

Methods: This was a retrospective cohort study involving data linkage of laboratory HIV testing data to identify individuals with a history of drug use. Person-years (PY) and Poisson regression were used to estimate incidence by time period (pre-outbreak: 2000-2010 and 2011-2013; early outbreak: 2014-2016; ongoing outbreak: 2017-2019).

The influence of recipe disaggregation in dietary assessment: results from the national food consumption survey in Saint Kitts and Nevis.

It is not always the case that recipe disaggregation is performed in dietary surveys. This investigation aimed to assess the influence of recipe disaggregation in the 2020-2021 national dietary survey in Saint Kitts and Nevis, and provide recommendations for future assessments. A total of 1,004 individuals provided information on their food consumption obtained using 24-h dietary recalls, and 442 recipes were reported.

Cardiovascular risk of dementia is associated with brain-behaviour changes in cognitively healthy, middle-aged individuals.

Alzheimer's Disease (AD) neuropathology start decades before clinical manifestations, but whether risk factors are associated with early cognitive and brain changes in midlife remains poorly understood. We examined whether AD risk factors were associated with cognition and functional connectivity (FC) between the Locus Coeruleus (LC) and hippocampus - two key brain structures in AD neuropathology - cross-sectionally and longitudinally in cognitively healthy midlife individuals. Neuropsychological assessments and functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging were obtained at baseline (N=210), and two-years follow-up (N=188).

Value of Engagement in Digital Health Technology Research: Evidence Across 6 Unique Cohort Studies.

Background: Wearable digital health technologies and mobile apps (personal digital health technologies [DHTs]) hold great promise for transforming health research and care. However, engagement in personal DHT research is poor.

Objective: The objective of this paper is to describe how participant engagement techniques and different study designs affect participant adherence, retention, and overall engagement in research involving personal DHTs.

Clinical, Cortical, Subcortical, and White Matter Features of Right Temporal Variant FTD.

Unlabelled: The distinct clinical and radiological characteristics of right temporal variant FTD have only been recently recognized.

Methods: Eight patients with right temporal variant FTD were prospectively recruited and underwent a standardised neuropsychological assessment, clinical MRI, and quantitative neuroimaging.

Results: Our voxelwise grey analyses captured bilateral anterior and mesial temporal grey matter atrophy with a clear right-sided predominance.

Testing and Treatment Interventions in Community Settings Key to Controlling a Recent Human Immunodeficiency Virus Outbreak Among People Who Inject Drugs in Glasgow: A Modeling Study.

Background: A human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) outbreak was identified among people who inject drugs (PWID) in Glasgow in 2015, with >150 diagnoses by the end of 2019. The outbreak response involved scaling up HIV testing and improving HIV treatment initiation and retention.

Methods: We parameterized and calibrated a dynamic, deterministic model of HIV transmission among PWID in Glasgow to epidemiological data.

Wearable sensor and smartphone assisted vestibular physical therapy for multiple sclerosis: usability and outcomes.

Introduction: Vertigo, dizziness, gaze instability and disequilibrium are highly prevalent in people with MS (PwMS) and head movement induced dizziness is commonly reported. Vestibular physical therapy (VPT) is a specialised, non-invasive and effective therapy for these problems but usually involves travel for the person to a specialist center with both personal and carbon costs. The use of wearable sensors to track head movement and smartphone applications to deliver and track programs has potential to improve VPT in MS.

Evaluating the effect of direct-acting antiviral agent treatment scale-up on Hepatitis C virus prevalence among people who inject drugs in UK.

Background: There is limited empirical work assessing the effectiveness of treatment as prevention (TasP) in reducing HCV prevalence among people who inject drugs (PWID). Here, we used survey data from the UK during 2010-2020, to evaluate the impact of direct-acting antiviral agent (DAA) treatment scale-up, which started in 2015, on HCV prevalence among PWID.

Methods: We fitted a logistic regression to time/location specific data on prevalence from the Needle Exchange Surveillance Initiative in Scotland and Unlinked Anonymous Monitoring programme in England.

Factors associated with SARS-CoV-2 testing, diagnosis and COVID-19 disease among individuals prescribed opioid-agonist treatment: a nationwide retrospective cohort study.

Objectives: Among people receiving opioid-agonist treatment (OAT), the risk of COVID-19 infection and disease may be higher owing to underlying health problems and vulnerable social circumstances. We aimed to determine whether recent OAT, when compared with past exposure, affected the risk of (i) testing for SARS-CoV-2, (ii) testing positive for SARS-CoV-2, and (iii) being hospitalized or dying with COVID-19 disease.

Methods: We included individuals prescribed OAT in Scotland from 2015 to 2020.

Risk of drug-related death associated with co-prescribing of gabapentinoids and Z-drugs among people receiving opioid-agonist treatment: A national retrospective cohort study.

Background: Prescribing of gabapentinoids and Z-drug-hypnotics has increased in the population and among people receiving opioid-agonist treatment (OAT) for opioid dependence. Evidence is mixed on whether co-prescribing of sedatives such as gabapentinoids and Z-drugs during OAT increases risk of drug-related death (DRD).

Methods: We conducted a retrospective cohort study of individuals prescribed OAT between 2011 and 2020 in Scotland.

Behavioural activation for people in custody with depression: A protocol for a feasibility randomised controlled study.

People in custody are at high risk of developing depression. Accessing psychological treatments in a prison setting is a particular challenge, in part, due to difficulties accessing specialist mental health workers. Behavioural Activation (BA) may be helpful in improving health outcomes for people in custody experiencing depressive symptoms.

Impact of an Inter-Professional Clinic on Pancreatic Cancer Outcomes: A Retrospective Cohort Study.

Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) presents significant challenges in diagnosis, staging, and appropriate treatment. Furthermore, patients with PDAC often experience complex symptomatology and psychosocial implications that require multi-disciplinary and inter-professional supportive care management from health professionals. Despite these hurdles, the implementation of inter-professional clinic approaches showed promise in enhancing clinical outcomes.

Machine learning identifies factors most associated with seeking medical care for migraine: Results of the OVERCOME (US) study.

Objective: Utilize machine learning models to identify factors associated with seeking medical care for migraine.

Background: Migraine is a leading cause of disability worldwide, yet many people with migraine do not seek medical care.

Methods: The web-based survey, ObserVational survey of the Epidemiology, tReatment and Care Of MigrainE (US), annually recruited demographically representative samples of the US adult population (2018-2020).

Lifestyle Planning in the Transition to Retirement.

Background: There is a further need to examine the types of planning people do for their lives in retirement and to examine goals and challenges in relation to planning efforts.

Objectives: This report summarizes highlights from a study that examined retirement planning and explored personal retirement experiences.

Design: An online survey included quantitative and qualitative questions about retirement preparedness and satisfaction and open-ended questions about retirement goals, fears, challenges, and advice.

Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic on HIV Test Uptake Among People Who Inject Drugs in the Context of an HIV Outbreak.

Glasgow, Scotland's largest city, has been experiencing an HIV outbreak among people who inject drugs (PWID) since 2015. A key focus of the public health response has been to increase HIV testing among those at risk of infection. Our aim was to assess the impact of COVID-19 on HIV testing among PWID in Glasgow.