How is Telehealth Used to Increase Access to Specialty Palliative Care? A Systematic Review.

Context: Specialty palliative care remains inaccessible for many with serious illness, especially in rural areas. Telehealth may be one solution.

Objectives: To describe how telehealth increases access to specialty palliative care, describe facilitators and barriers to its use, and summarize evidence of patient benefits.

Evidence-base for urban green-blue infrastructure to support insect diversity.

Unlabelled: Green-blue urban infrastructures potentially offer win-win benefits for people and nature in urban areas. Given increasing evidence of widespread declines of insects, as well as their ecological importance, there is a need to better understand the potential role of green-blue urban infrastructure for insect conservation. In this review, we evaluated 201 studies about the ability of green-blue infrastructure to support insect diversity.

An immune suppressive tumor microenvironment in primary prostate cancer promotes tumor immune escape.

Background: Immunotherapy has demonstrated limited activity in prostate cancer to date. This likely reflects an immune suppressive tumor microenvironment (TME), with previous studies suggesting low PD-L1 expression and a sparse immune cell infiltrate. We aimed to further characterise the immune TME in primary prostate cancer and correlate immune subset densities with clinical outcomes.

Making it on the breadline - improving food security on the Anangu Pitjantjatjara Yankunytjatjara Lands, Central Australia.

Background: This longitudinal case study describes the efforts and impacts of community-controlled service organisations on the Anangu Pitjantjatjara Yankunytjatjara (APY) Lands in Central Australia to tackle food security since the 1980s, with a focus on the last decade, particularly during a year of concerted action from mid-2018.

Methods: The co-designed study comprised an interrupted time series with controls. Availability, affordability, accessibility and sales of foods in the community retail stores on the APY Lands were monitored regularly from 2014 to mid-2022, including by local research teams.

Safety assessment of protein A and derivation of a parenteral health-based exposure limit.

Protein A (PA) is a bacterial cell wall component of Staphylococcus aureus whose function is to bind to Immunoglobulin G (IgG). Given its ability to bind IgG as well as its stability and resistance to harsh acidic and basic cleaning conditions, it is commonly used in the affinity chromotography purification of biotherapeutics. This use can result in levels of PA being present in a drug product and subsequent patient exposure.

Visible particles in parenteral drug products: A review of current safety assessment practice.

Parenteral drug products (PDPs) are administered extensively to treat various diseases. Product quality plays a critical role in ensuring patient safety and product efficacy. One important quality challenge is the contamination of particles in PDPs.

Human Coronavirus 229E Infection Inactivates Pyroptosis Executioner Gasdermin D but Ultimately Leads to Lytic Cell Death Partly Mediated by Gasdermin E.

Human coronavirus 229E (HCoV-229E) is associated with upper respiratory tract infections and generally causes mild respiratory symptoms. HCoV-229E infection can cause cell death, but the molecular pathways that lead to virus-induced cell death as well as the interplay between viral proteins and cellular cell death effectors remain poorly characterized for HCoV-229E. Studying how HCoV-229E and other common cold coronaviruses interact with and affect cell death pathways may help to understand its pathogenesis and compare it to that of highly pathogenic coronaviruses.

Nascent chains derived from a foldable protein sequence interact with specific ribosomal surface sites near the exit tunnel.

In order to become bioactive, proteins must be translated and protected from aggregation during biosynthesis. The ribosome and molecular chaperones play a key role in this process. Ribosome-bound nascent chains (RNCs) of intrinsically disordered proteins and RNCs bearing a signal/arrest sequence are known to interact with ribosomal proteins.

New limits proposed for the management of non-mutagenic impurities.

Multiple international guidelines exist that describe both quality and safety considerations for the control of the broad spectrum of impurities inherent to drug substance and product manufacturing processes. However, regarding non-mutagenic impurities (NMI) the most relevant ICH Q3A/B guidelines are not applicable during early phases of drug development leading to confusion about acceptable limits at this stage. Thus, there is need for more flexible approaches that ensure that patient safety remains paramount, while taking into consideration the limited duration of exposure.

Mapping Protein-Protein Interactions at Birth: Single-Particle Cryo-EM Analysis of a Ribosome-Nascent Globin Complex.

Interactions between ribosome-bound nascent chains (RNCs) and ribosomal components are critical to elucidate the mechanism of cotranslational protein folding. Nascent protein-ribosome contacts within the ribosomal exit tunnel were previously assessed mostly in the presence of C-terminal stalling sequences, yet little is known about contacts taking place in the absence of these strongly interacting motifs. Further, there is nearly no information about ribosomal proteins (r-proteins) interacting with nascent chains within the outer surface of the ribosome.

"The Patient Is Being Pressured!" Coercion Versus Relational Autonomy.

Relational autonomy is a concept that describes the interdependent nature of decision making by individuals. Relational autonomy is distinct from the traditional concept of autonomy, which asserts the need for each individual to make choices based on their own values and without influence by others. We present a case in which a patient made decisions that appeared contrary to his own desires.

Chemical data evaluation: general considerations and approaches for IUPAC projects and the chemistry community (IUPAC Technical Report).

The International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry (IUPAC) has a long tradition of supporting the compilation of chemical data and their evaluation through direct projects, nomenclature and terminology work, and partnerships with international scientific bodies, government agencies and other organizations. The IUPAC Interdivisional Subcommittee on Critical Evaluation of Data (ISCED) has been established to provide guidance on issues related to the evaluation of chemical data. In this first report we define the general principles of the evaluation of scientific data and describe best practices and approaches to data evaluation in chemistry.

Scleral ectasia stabilization following intra-arterial chemotherapy in an eye with recurrent retinoblastoma.

Purpose: To report a case of recurrent retinoblastoma following transpupillary thermotherapy (TTT) with development of scleral ectasia, as well as their successful treatment with intra-arterial chemotherapy.

Observations: A 15-month-old girl with bilateral retinoblastoma presented with recurrent retinoblastoma and associated scleral ectasia with concern for extraocular extension after receiving multiple round of systemic chemotherapy and TTT. Given her negative systemic evaluation, decision was made to pursue intra-arterial chemotherapy.

Confusion among doctors regarding sports and exercise medicine as a specialty: an Australian multidisciplinary, cross-sectional survey.

Objectives: This cross-sectional study aims to characterise the understanding and attitudes medical practitioners have towards sports and exercise medicine (SEM). By identifying knowledge gaps, misunderstandings and barriers to SEM referral, interventions may be suggested to improve the integration of SEM within a multidisciplinary approach to healthcare.

Design: A survey was constructed with a multidisciplinary expert panel.

"I know my body better than anyone else": a qualitative study of perspectives of people with lived experience on antimicrobial treatment decisions for injection drug use-associated infections.

Background: People who inject drugs (PWID) are at risk for severe bacterial and fungal infections including skin and soft tissue infections, endocarditis, and osteomyelitis. PWID have high rates of self-directed discharge and are often not offered outpatient antimicrobial therapies, despite studies showing their efficacy and safety in PWID. This study fills a gap in knowledge of patient and community partner perspectives on treatment and discharge decision making for injection drug use (IDU)-associated infections.

Is the answer to reducing early childhood caries in your pocket?

Data Sources: Electronic scientific databases Embase, CINAHL, MEDLINE, PsycINFO and Web of Science were systematically searched and restricted to articles published from 1996 onwards and limited to articles published in English. This was carried out following an initial scoping search using keywords conducted in PubMed.

Study Selection: Original studies investigating the use of mobile phone applications as a delivery method of healthcare interventions to parents and caregivers with children ≤6 years of age were included.

Community scientists produce open data for understanding insects and climate change.

Insect species are responding to human-caused global changes, sparking an urgent need for more conservation and management. Recent publications indicate the speed and scale of these changes to be both fast and large, impacting ecosystem function and human health. Community scientists are contributing vast amounts of data on insect occurrence and abundance to publicly available biodiversity platforms.

Acceptable intakes (AIs) for 11 small molecule N-nitrosamines (NAs).

Low levels of N-nitrosamines (NAs) were detected in pharmaceuticals and, as a result, health authorities (HAs) have published acceptable intakes (AIs) in pharmaceuticals to limit potential carcinogenic risk. The rationales behind the AIs have not been provided to understand the process for selecting a TD or read-across analog. In this manuscript we evaluated the toxicity data for eleven common NAs in a comprehensive and transparent process consistent with ICH M7.

Intravenous antibiotics in preterm infants have a negative effect upon microbiome development throughout preterm life.

Background: Intestinal dysbiosis is implicated in the origins of necrotising enterocolitis and late-onset sepsis in preterm babies. However, the effect of modulators of bacterial growth (e.g.

Adolescents and Young Adults With Sickle Cell Disease: Nociplastic Pain and Pain Catastrophizing as Predictors of Pain Interference and Opioid Consumption.

Objectives: Some patients with sickle cell disease (SCD) have features of nociplastic pain. While research suggests that many patients with nociplastic pain consume more opioids due to opioid nonresponsiveness, little is known about the impact of nociplastic pain and pain catastrophizing on opioid consumption and pain interference among adolescents and young adults (AYA) with SCD. The purpose of this study was to (1) characterize nociplastic pain and pain catastrophizing among AYA with SCD, and (2) determine whether these characterizations are associated with subsequent opioid consumption and pain interference 1 month after characterization.

'I feel like they're actually listening to me': a pilot study of a hospital discharge decision-making conversation guide for patients with injection drug use-associated infections.

Background: The prevalence of injection drug use (IDU)-associated infections and associated hospitalizations has been increasing for nearly two decades. Due to issues ranging from ongoing substance use to peripherally inserted central catheter safety, many clinicians find discharge decision-making challenging. Typically, clinicians advise patients to remain hospitalized for several weeks for intravenous antimicrobial treatment; however, some patients may desire other antimicrobial treatment options.

Comparing internal versus external carotid artery branch delivery of intraarterial chemotherapy for the treatment of retinoblastoma.

Purpose: The goal of this study was to compare the efficacy of intraarterial chemotherapy (IAC) for retinoblastoma delivered via the ophthalmic artery (OA) division of the internal carotid artery (ICA) versus alternative branches of the external carotid artery (ECA).

Methods: We performed a retrospective chart review of patients receiving IAC for retinoblastoma at a single institution. Subjects were divided into three groups: those that received IAC solely through the OA branch of the ICA, those that initially received IAC through the OA branch of the ICA but were later switched to the ECA, and those that only received IAC through the ECA.