Comparison of sedation and general anesthesia protocols for F-FDG-PET/CT studies in dogs and cats: Musculoskeletal uptake and radiation dose to workers.

In veterinary medicine, PET/CT scans are generally performed with the patient under general anesthesia. The aim of this prospective crossover study was to compare the musculoskeletal uptake of F-FDG and radiation doses to workers during PET/CT studies of healthy dogs and cats between sedation and general anesthesia. Volume and maximal standard uptake values (SUVmax) values of abnormal F-FDG uptake in the skeletal musculature, presence of misregistration artifact, and radiation doses to workers for each PET/CT study were recorded.

Image-Based Dosimetry in Dogs and Cross-Reactivity with Human Tissues of IGF2R-Targeting Human Antibody.

Background: Osteosarcoma (OS) represents the most common primary bone tumor in humans and in companion dogs, being practically phenotypically identical. There is a need for effective treatments to extend the survival of patients with OS. Here, we examine the dosimetry in beagle dogs and cross-reactivity with human tissues of a novel human antibody, IF3, that targets the insulin growth factor receptor type 2 (IGF2R), which is overexpressed on OS cells, making it a candidate for radioimmunotherapy of OS.

The effect of per os vs subcutaneous iodine administration on percentage thyroidal radioactive iodine uptake in normal cats.

Background: Historical and recent literature disagree on whether a higher PO I dosage, compared to IV or SC routes, is required for successful resolution of spontaneous hyperthyroidism in cats, necessitating investigation into the effect of PO and injectable radioactive iodine administration on % thyroidal radioactive iodine uptake (RAIU).

Hypothesis/objectives: To investigate the effect of PO and SC routes of I administration on paired % thyroidal RAIU in euthyroid cats. Specifically, a 1.

Study of the K_{L}→π^{0}νν[over ¯] Decay at the J-PARC KOTO Experiment.

The rare decay K_{L}→π^{0}νν[over ¯] was studied with the dataset taken at the J-PARC KOTO experiment in 2016, 2017, and 2018. With a single event sensitivity of (7.20±0.

Safety Evaluation of an Alpha-Emitter Bismuth-213 Labeled Antibody to (1→3)-β-Glucan in Healthy Dogs as a Prelude for a Trial in Companion Dogs with Invasive Fungal Infections.

: With the limited options available for therapy to treat invasive fungal infections (IFI), radioimmunotherapy (RIT) can potentially offer an effective alternative treatment. Microorganism-specific monoclonal antibodies have shown promising results in the experimental treatment of fungal, bacterial, and viral infections, including our recent and encouraging results from treating mice infected with with Bi-labeled antibody 400-2 to (1→3)-β-glucan. In this work, we performed a safety study of Bi-400-2 antibody in healthy dogs as a prelude for a clinical trial in companion dogs with acquired invasive fungal infections and later on in human patients with IFI.

An unexpected peripheral blood finding: microfilaria.

Microfilaria are not parasites native to the continental United States. On a routine peripheral blood smear examination from an emergency room patient, a microfilaria was identified. The patient was a native African currently living in Texas.

Search for K_{L}→π^{0}νν[over ¯] and K_{L}→π^{0}X^{0} Decays at the J-PARC KOTO Experiment.

A search for the rare decay K_{L}→π^{0}νν[over ¯] was performed. With the data collected in 2015, corresponding to 2.2×10^{19} protons on target, a single event sensitivity of (1.

A Proof-of-concept Study Using Quantitative Sensory Threshold Analysis to Compare Two Intraoral Topical Anesthetics.

Purpose: CTY-5339A is an investigational topical anesthetic spray containing 14% benzocaine/2% tetracaine in a metered canister. Each spray delivers ∼0.2 mL of solution.

HIV Clustering in Mississippi: Spatial Epidemiological Study to Inform Implementation Science in the Deep South.

Background: In recent years, more than half of new HIV infections in the United States occur among African Americans in the Southeastern United States. Spatial epidemiological analyses can inform public health responses in the Deep South by identifying HIV hotspots and community-level factors associated with clustering.

Objective: The goal of this study was to identify and characterize HIV clusters in Mississippi through analysis of state-level HIV surveillance data.

Barriers and facilitators of the HIV care continuum in Southern New England for people with drug or alcohol use and living with HIV/AIDS: perspectives of HIV surveillance experts and service providers.

Background: Contemporary studies about HIV care continuum (HCC) outcomes within substance using populations primarily focus on individual risk factors rather than provider- or systems-level influences. Over 25% of people living with HIV (PLWH) have substance use disorders that can alter their path through the HCC. As part of a study of HCC outcomes in nine small cities in Southern New England (population 100,000-200,000 and relatively high HIV prevalence particularly among substance users), this qualitative analysis sought to understand public health staff and HIV service providers' perspectives on how substance use may influence HCC outcomes.

Lack of Methemoglobin Elevations After Topical Applications of Benzocaine Alone or Benzocaine Plus Tetracaine to the Oral Mucosa.

Purpose: This study evaluated changes in methemoglobin and oxygen saturation concentrations after the administration of recommended doses of 14% benzocaine alone or 14% benzocaine combined with 2% tetracaine.

Methods: American Society of Anesthesiology class 1 and 2 subjects (n = 40) were enrolled in this modified crossover study. Subjects were administered 0.

The INtegrating DEPrEssioN and Diabetes treatmENT (INDEPENDENT) study: Design and methods to address mental healthcare gaps in India.

Introduction: Depression and diabetes are highly prevalent worldwide and often co-exist, worsening outcomes for each condition. Barriers to diagnosis and treatment are exacerbated in low and middle-income countries with limited health infrastructure and access to mental health treatment. The INtegrating DEPrEssioN and Diabetes treatmENT (INDEPENDENT) study tests the sustained effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of a multi-component care model for individuals with poorly-controlled diabetes and depression in diabetes clinics in India.

Access to healthcare insurance and healthcare services among syringe exchange program clients in Massachusetts: qualitative findings from health navigators with the iDU ("I do") Care Collaborative.

Background: Little is known about access to health insurance among people who inject drugs (PWID) who attend syringe exchange programs (SEPs). The goal of the current study was to assess perceptions of SEP staff, including health navigators and program managers, on access to health insurance and healthcare access among SEP clients following implementation of state and federal policies to enhance universal healthcare access in Massachusetts.

Methods: Between December 2014 and January 2015, we conducted in-depth interviews (n = 14) with SEP staff, including both program managers and health navigators, to assess knowledge, attitudes, and beliefs related to health insurance enrollment and access to enhanced referrals among SEP clients.

Identifying and characterizing hepatitis C virus hotspots in Massachusetts: a spatial epidemiological approach.

Background: Hepatitis C virus (HCV) infections have increased during the past decade but little is known about geographic clustering patterns.

Methods: We used a unique analytical approach, combining geographic information systems (GIS), spatial epidemiology, and statistical modeling to identify and characterize HCV hotspots, statistically significant clusters of census tracts with elevated HCV counts and rates. We compiled sociodemographic and HCV surveillance data (n = 99,780 cases) for Massachusetts census tracts (n = 1464) from 2002 to 2013.

Phase Four, Randomized, Double-Blinded, Controlled Trial of Phentolamine Mesylate in Two- to Five-year-old Dental Patients.

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to evaluate, using a randomized, double-blind methodology: (1) the safety of phentolamine mesylate (Oraverse) in accelerating the recovery of soft tissue anesthesia following the injection of two percent lidocaine plus 1:100,000 epinephrine in two- to five-year-olds; and (2) efficacy in four- to five-year-olds only.

Methods: One hundred fifty pediatric dental patients underwent routine dental restorative procedures with two percent lidocaine plus 1:100,000 epinephrine with doses based on body weight. Phentolamine mesylate or a sham injection (two to one ratio) was then administered.

Nonprescription naloxone and syringe sales in the midst of opioid overdose and hepatitis C virus epidemics: Massachusetts, 2015.

Objectives: To determine the prevalence of nonprescription naloxone and sterile syringe sales, factors associated with nonprescription sales, geospatial access to nonprescription naloxone and syringe-selling pharmacies, and targets for potential interventions.

Design: Cross-sectional study.

Setting And Participants: Massachusetts has experienced steep increases in reported opioid overdoses and hepatitis C virus cases in the past decade.

Characterization and treatment of postsurgical dental implant pain employing intranasal ketorolac.

The intensity and duration of pain following surgical placement of dental implants has not been well studied. Thus, the aim of this open-label study was to characterize the nature of postsurgical pain following the placement of one to three implants. The secondary goal was to explore the analgesic efficacy and tolerability of intranasal ketorolac in this patient population.

Temporal and spatial trends in freshwater fish tissue mercury concentrations associated with mercury emissions reductions.

Mercury (Hg) concentrations were monitored from 1999 to 2011 in largemouth bass (LMB) and yellow perch (YP) in 23 lakes in Massachusetts USA during a period of significant local and regional Hg emissions reductions. Average LMB tissue Hg concentration decreases of 44% were seen in 13 of 16 lakes in a regional Hg "hotspot" area. YP in all lakes sampled in this area decreased 43% after the major emissions reductions.

Safety and efficacy of a novel nasal spray for maxillary dental anesthesia.

This study examines the efficacy, safety, and tolerability of a nasal spray to induce anesthesia of maxillary teeth. Forty-five healthy adults requiring restoration of one maxillary tooth were randomized in a 1:2 ratio to receive (1) an intra-oral lidocaine-epinephrine injection with buffered saline nasal spray bilaterally, or (2) a tetracaine hydrochloride-oxymetazoline hydrochloride nasal spray bilaterally with sham injection. Primary endpoints were use of rescue anesthesia and patient global pain assessment.

The cardiovascular effects and pharmacokinetics of intranasal tetracaine plus oxymetazoline: preliminary findings.

Background: The authors evaluated the cardiovascular effects and pharmacokinetics of an intranasal 3 percent tetracaine/0.05 percent oxymetazoline spray developed to provide needle-free anesthesia of maxillary teeth.

Methods: The authors administered to 12 participants a proposed maximum recommended dose (MRD) (18 milligrams tetracaine/0.

Basis of the Massachusetts reference dose and drinking water standard for perchlorate.

Objective: Perchlorate inhibits the uptake of iodide in the thyroid. Iodide is required to synthesize hormones critical to fetal and neonatal development. Many water supplies and foods are contaminated with perchlorate.

Hemostatic and anesthetic efficacy of 4% articaine HCl with 1:200,000 epinephrine and 4% articaine HCl with 1:100,000 epinephrine when administered intraorally for periodontal surgery.

Background: The objective of this double-masked, randomized, multicenter crossover study was to compare the efficacy of 4% articaine HCl with 1:100,000 epinephrine (A100) to 4% articaine HCl with 1:200,000 epinephrine (A200) for providing effective local anesthesia and hemostasis for periodontal surgery.

Methods: Anesthetic efficacy was based on patient self-report and lack of need for reinjection during the surgical procedures. Hemostatic properties of the formulations were compared using ratings of the surgeons' ability to visualize the surgical field and expectation for bleeding.

The anesthetic efficacy of 4 percent articaine 1:200,000 epinephrine: two controlled clinical trials.

Objective: The authors conducted two double-blinded, randomized, multicenter clinical trials to determine the efficacy and clinical anesthetic characteristics of 4 percent articaine hydrochloride (HCl) with 1:200,000 epinephrine (A200) as compared with those of 4 percent articaine HCl with 1:100,000 epinephrine (A100) and 4 percent articaine HCl without epinephrine (Aw/o).

Methods: During separate testing sessions, members of the authors' research team used three articaine study formulations to induce either inferior alveolar nerve block anesthesia (Trial 1) or maxillary infiltration anesthesia (Trial 2). In each trial, subjects received, in a randomized sequence, each of the three formulations to determine efficacy (success rate) and anesthetic characteristics (onset time and duration).

The pharmacokinetics and cardiovascular effects of high-dose articaine with 1:100,000 and 1:200,000 epinephrine.

Objectives: The authors conducted a randomized, double-blind, two-way crossover clinical trial to compare the pharmacokinetics and cardiovascular effects of 11.9 milliliters of 4 percent articaine hydrochloride (HCl) plus 1:100,000 epinephrine (A100) with those of 11.9 mL of 4 percent articaine HCl plus 1:200,000 epinephrine (A200).