New forms of radionuclide therapy with (90)Y in oncology.

Background: Currently, there is growing interest in the use of the beta emitter (90)Y in systemic therapy in oncology. For successful therapy, an appropriate ligand is chosen to carry the isotope to the place of its action. As well as performing this function, the type of the ligand influences both the course and the side effects of the treatment.

Effectiveness of the iodine prophylaxis model adopted in Poland.

Objective: Most of the Polish territory has been classified as an iodine-deficient and endemic goiter area according to the International Council for Control of Iodine Deficiency (ICCIDD) criteria. In 1997 the obligatory model of iodine prophylaxis was implemented. Our investigations were aimed at the effectiveness of iodine prophylaxis in Poland.

Radioimmunotherapy for lymphoma - analysis of clinical trials and treatment algorithms.

Ibritumomab, an (90)Yttrium ((90)Y) labelled radioimmunoconjugate, is registered in Europe to treat follicular lymphomas. Its mode of action combines the selectivity of monoclonal antibodies with the efficiency of radiotherapy, making it a unique and useful therapeutic agent. This paper is for haemato-oncologists with a decent practice in lymphoma therapy, who have not yet used ibritumomab themselves.

Radioimmunotherapy in follicular lymphomas, a retrospective analysis of the Polish Lymphoma Research Group's (PLRG) experience.

Background: Ibritumomab is an (90)Yttrium ((90)Y) labelled radioimmunoconjugate registered to treat follicular lymphoma relapsing or refractory after Rituximab therapy. Combining the specificity of anti CD20 monoclonal antibodies with the efficacy of radiotherapy, it is particularly effective in patients with advanced stages of disease with generalized lymphadenopathy.

Material And Methods: Twenty-one patients with follicular lymphoma, after failing 2-5 lines of previous treatment, were subjected to radioimmunotherapy in three Polish Lymphoma Research Group (PLRG) centres.

[Leptin to adiponectin ratio, as an index of insulin resistance and atherosclerosis development].

Obesity is an effect of interaction of genetic and environmental factors. It leads to development of serious complications, like insulin resistance, diabetes type 2, arterial hypertension and atherosclerosis. The adipose tissue is a place where many adipokines, mainly leptin and adiponectin, are produced and released.

[The influence of physical training on metabolic indices in men with myocardial infarction and impaired glucose tolerance].

Introduction: Body mass reduction and regular physical training form part of a strategy to treat disorders of carbohydrate metabolism associated with obesity. Evidence shows that even a slight reduction in body mass may improve carbohydrate tolerance, lipid profile and insulin resistance, reduce insulin levels and finally delay or reduce risk of diabetes mellitus. Multiple studies, including prospective studies confirm the independent protective effects of physical training against future development of type 2 diabetes mellitus.

Antral gastric motility impairement and autonomic nervous system dysfunction in patients with pancreatic cancer (preliminary results).

The aim of the study was to evaluate the influence of pancreatic carcinoma on gastric motility and autonomic system activity in patients before surgery. Patients with histologically confirmed pancreatic cancer were studied. Our results show that gastric dysrrhythmias are continuously present in patients with pancreatic cancer both with and without gastric emptying delay.

[Environmental factors in the development of type 1 diabetes -- a new insight].

According to the traditional model of pathogenesis of type 1 diabetes - it develops in genetically susceptible individuals in whom environmental factors trigger an autoimmune process of beta-cell destruction. Although susceptibility may be inherited, there is a growing body of evidence showing the role of environmental factors that might not only trigger but also perpetuate the chronic autoimmune process. These factors may exert their action long before the disease manifests itself clinically, which significantly hampers their identification.

Two rare cases of pituitary metastases from breast and kidney cancers.

Pituitary metastases, though very uncommon, may cause endocrine and neurosurgical problems. The clinical manifestation of such metastases is highly variable. Most of the metastatic pituitary tumours are oligosymptomatic.

[Carbohydrate metabolism in acute poisoning with xenobiotics].

Unlabelled: The aim of the study was to evaluate carbohydrate metabolism in patients hospitalised because of acute intoxication with xenobiotics.

Material And Methods: An analysis of 3628 patients (1553 females and 2075 males; age: 40.6 +/- 15.

[Evaluation of pituitary-gonadal axis in alcohol dependent males].

Unlabelled: Chronic alcoholism leads to organic damages of nervous system, the liver and the endocrine system. The aim of the study is to evaluate pituitary-gonadal axis in males chronically dependent with alcohol.

Material And Methods: The study group consisted of 50 alcohol dependent men aged 27 to 53 years (40.

[Alcohol consumption and the risk of insulin resistance--population based study].

Unlabelled: The aim of the study was to assess the relationship between alcohol consumption and insulin resistance in the adult Kraków's inhabitants.

Materials And Methods: 6000 subjects at age 35-75, participants of the Polish Multicenter Study on Diabetes Epidemiology, were randomized and invited to the study. Finally in 2838 participants the standardized questionnaire examination of the life style especially alcohol consumption was performed.

[Evaluation of regional cerebral blood flow using 99mTc-ECD SPECT in ethanol dependent patients: pilot study].

Unlabelled: The depressant actions of ethanol in the brain is known. SPECT is non invasive method to measure the regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF) and to evaluate indirectly the brain metabolism. The aim of the study is to evaluate morphologic and functional status of CNS using 99mTc-ECD SPECT in chronic alcoholics.

[Quantitative analysis of heart scintigraphy (99mTc-MIBI GSPECT) with regional myocardial wall motion and thickening assessment for detecting myocardial injury in patients after acute paracetamol poisoning].

Unlabelled: The aim of the study was to evaluate the myocardium function in acute paracetamol poisoning using 19mTc-MIBI GSPECT.

Material And Methods: Under examination there were 25 acutely paracetamol poisoned patients (age: 24.5 +/- 6 years) treated at the Ward of Toxicology and Environmental Diseases.

The unique case of adrenocortical malignant and functioning oncocytic tumour.

Unlabelled: Adrenocortical oncocytoma is extremely rarely found. Only a little more than thirty cases of adrenal oncocytoma, mainly nonfunctioning and benign, have been reported in the literature. Adrenal mass 150 x 160 x 172 mm in size and enlarged periarterial lymph nodes were found in CT examination performed in 51-year-old male.

Radio-guided surgery with the use of [99mTc-EDDA/HYNIC]octreotate in intra-operative detection of neuroendocrine tumours of the gastrointestinal tract.

Purpose: Radio-guided surgery (RGS) is an intra-operative localising technique which enables identification of tissue "marked" by a specific radiotracer injected before surgery. It is mainly used for sentinel node mapping and for detection of parathyroid adenomas and other tumours, including neuroendocrine tumours of the gastrointestinal tract (GEP-NET). The aim of this study was to determine whether intra-operative radio-detection with the use of [(99m)Tc-EDDA/HYNIC]octreotate, a new somatostatin analogue, is able to reveal an unknown primary and secondary sites, thereby improving surgical treatment and the final outcome of GEP-NET.

Iodine prophylaxis--the protective factor against stomach cancer in iodine deficient areas.

Background: Poland has one of the highest death rates for stomach cancer in Europe. Moderate iodine deficiency and in consequence high goitre prevalence led to the implementation in 1996 of a very efficient mandatory model of iodine prophylaxis, based on household salt iodisation (30 +/- 10 mg KI/1 kg of salt).

Aim Of The Study: The aim of the study was evaluation of incidence rate of stomach cancer and its possible relation to increased iodine consumption in the years 1992-2004.

[A case of primary malignant lymphoma of thyroid in young man].

The aim of this study is to present a case of a 36-year old male with a rare thyroid malignancy--a primary thyroid lymphoma. The patient was admitted to the Department of Endocrinology due to a rapidly enlarging left-sided tumor of the neck and hoarseness lasting for 2 weeks. The only abnormality found on biochemical testing was a slightly elevated titre of anti-TPO antibodies.

[Prevalence of the metabolic syndrome and its components in adult inhabitants of Krakow].

Objectives: There are only few studies on the prevalence of the metabolic syndrome in Polish population. The aim of the study was to assess the prevalence of the metabolic syndrome according to NCEP definition in adult inhabitants of Krakow.

Material And Method: The study was conducted in 2004-2005 in 42 Krakow's primary health care units in patients aged over 25, not treated due to the diabetes type 2 and/or coronary artery disease, with no history of myocardial infarction or stroke.

[Prevalence of the glucose metabolism disturbances in screening of adult inhabitants of Krakow].

Objectives: In Poland, similarly like in the other European countries type 2 diabetes screening and prevention projects have been run. In Krakow, Krakow's Municipality had undertaken a decision of financing a prevention program directed to adult inhabitants of the city. The aim of the study was to assess the prevalence of the glucose metabolism disturbances in adult inhabitants of Krakow city.

[Autoimmunological and allergic disorders with Hashimoto and Graves disease].

Graves disease and Hashimoto disease are due to inappropriate activation of immunological system and production of the antibodies against thyroid gland. The aim of the study was to estimate potential risk of other autoagressive and allergic disease in patients with Hashimoto or Graves disease. 255 patients with Graves disease (216 females and 39 males) and 69 patients (63 females and 6 males) mean age 53.

[Primary adrenal lymphoma in incidentally discovered adrenal tumour].

The new imaging techniques used during the last several years: ultrasound, computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging have improved detection of non-functional adrenal tumours s.c. "incidentaloma".

Intraoperative parathyroid hormone assay improves outcomes of minimally invasive parathyroidectomy mainly in patients with a presumed solitary parathyroid adenoma and missing concordance of preoperative imaging.

Objective: Intraoperative parathyroid hormone assay (IOPTH) is often used during minimally invasive parathyroidectomy (MIP) for primary hyperparathyroidism (pHPT). However, several investigators have reported conflicting outcomes, throwing doubt on the real influence of this adjunct on surgical decision-making. The aim of this study was to determine the impact of routine use of IOPTH on the success rate of MIP as the primary outcome, and whether it value-added to surgical decision-making during the operations at our institution.

Increased prevalence of hyperthyroidism as an early and transient side-effect of implementing iodine prophylaxis.

Objective: To assess the prevalence of hyperthyroidism just after implementation of iodine prophylaxis among adults from an area with iodine deficiency.

Study Design And Subjects: A total of 1648 adults (age 16 years and older) were sampled from an area of southern Poland during two nationwide epidemiological surveys. Of these, 1424 adults with negative medical history for thyroid disorders qualified for final analysis.

99mTc-EDDA/HYNIC-octreotate in detection of atypical bronchial carcinoid.

Unlabelled: Pulmonary carcinoids cause serious difficulties in imaging diagnostics in all stages of the disease. SRS holds great promise for detecting occult primary tu and metastatic lesions. (99m)Tc-EDDA/HYNIC-octreotate, a new scintigraphic agent, should significantly improve sensitivity of the diagnostics of carcinoids due to better affinity to SSR2 than (111)In-Octreoscan and the higher count rate obtained from (99m)Tc over (111)In.