Maternal Postnatal Psychopathology Predicts Identity Diffusion in Young Adult Offspring.

Background/objectives: In the new conceptualization of personality disorders (PD) in ICD-11 and Diagnostic and Statistical Manual 5 Alternative Model of Personality Disorders (DSM-5 AMPD), identity development in terms of impaired personality functioning plays a central role in diagnostic guidelines and determining PD severity. On the one hand, there is a temporary identity crisis while keeping an integrated sense of identity and, on the other hand, there is pathological identity diffusion, which is associated with a high risk of a current or emerging PD. The latter is characteristic not only of borderline PD but of all personality disorders and should be detected as early as possible to prevent chronic illness and critical life courses.

New insights into the dissolution mechanisms of iron oxides and combusted iron particles in oxalic acid.

The influence of oxidation state and crystalline structure on the dissolution mechanisms of both pure iron oxides and combusted iron particles in aqueous oxalic acid (0.5 mol/l) at 60 °C was systematically investigated. Dissolution experiments were carried out in a temperature-controlled, continuous-flow capillary reactor, allowing for the removal of reaction products and thereby suppressing the autocatalytic reaction mechanism.

Machine learning progressive CKD risk prediction model is associated with CKD-mineral bone disorder.

Background: Recently, we developed the machine learning (ML)-based Progressive CKD Risk Classifier (PCRC), which accurately predicts CKD progression within 5 years. While its performance is robust, it is unknown whether PCRC categorization is associated with CKD-mineral bone disorder (CKD-MBD), a critical, yet under-recognized, downstream consequence. Therefore, we aimed to 1) survey real-world testing utilization data for CKD-MBD and 2) evaluate ML-based PCRC categorization with CKD-MBD.

Viscosity Modeling for Blood and Blood Analog Fluids in Narrow Gap and High Reynolds Numbers Flows.

For the optimization of ventricular assist devices (VADs), flow simulations are crucial. Typically, these simulations assume single-phase flow to represent blood flow. However, blood consists of plasma and blood cells, making it a multiphase flow.

Health-related quality of life of adults with spinal muscular atrophy: insights from a nationwide patient registry in Germany.

Purpose: Spinal muscular atrophy (SMA) is a rare, autosomal-recessive disease characterized by progressive muscular atrophy and weakness resulting in substantial disability and short life expectancy. The objective of this cross-sectional study was to assess health-related quality of life (HRQoL) of adults with SMA in Germany in the era of disease-modifying therapy.

Methods: Adults with SMA were recruited via the German national TREAT-NMD SMA patient registry.

Progression from Prediabetes to Diabetes in a Diverse U.S. Population: A Machine Learning Model.

To date, there are no widely implemented machine learning (ML) models that predict progression from prediabetes to diabetes. Addressing this knowledge gap would aid in identifying at-risk patients within this heterogeneous population who may benefit from targeted treatment and management in order to preserve glucose metabolism and prevent adverse outcomes. The objective of this study was to utilize readily available laboratory data to train and test the performance of ML-based predictive risk models for progression from prediabetes to diabetes.

Self-Reported Health-Related Quality of Life of Children with Spinal Muscular Atrophy: Preliminary Insights from a Nationwide Patient Registry in Germany.

Background: Spinal muscular atrophy (SMA) is a rare, severely debilitating neuromuscular disease characterized by a wide spectrum of progressive muscular atrophy and weakness.

Objectives: The objective of this pilot study was to estimate self-assessed health-related quality of life (HRQoL) of children with SMA.

Methods: Children with SMA were recruited via the German national TREAT-NMD SMA patient registry and asked to self-complete the following rating-scales: KIDSCREEN-27, KINDL, the PedsQL 3.

Molecular transport and water condensation inside mesopores with wettability step gradients.

The wettabilities of nanoscale porous surfaces play important roles in the context of molecular and fluid transport or oil-water separation. The wettability pattern along a nanopore strongly influences fluid distribution throughout the membrane. Mesoporous silica thin films with gradually adjusted wettabilities were fabricated cocondensation.

CKD Progression Prediction in a Diverse US Population: A Machine-Learning Model.

Rationale & Objective: Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a major cause of morbidity and mortality. To date, there are no widely used machine-learning models that can predict progressive CKD across the entire disease spectrum, including the earliest stages. The objective of this study was to use readily available demographic and laboratory data from Sonic Healthcare USA laboratories to train and test the performance of machine learning-based predictive risk models for CKD progression.

Effect of Particle Migration on the Stress Field in Microfluidic Flows of Blood Analog Fluids at High Reynolds Numbers.

In the present paper, we investigate how the reductions in shear stresses and pressure losses in microfluidic gaps are directly linked to the local characteristics of cell-free layers (CFLs) at channel Reynolds numbers relevant to ventricular assist device (VAD) applications. For this, detailed studies of local particle distributions of a particulate blood analog fluid are combined with wall shear stress and pressure loss measurements in two complementary set-ups with identical flow geometry, bulk Reynolds numbers and particle Reynolds numbers. For all investigated particle volume fractions of up to 5%, reductions in the stress and pressure loss were measured in comparison to a flow of an equivalent homogeneous fluid (without particles).

Areas of improvement in the medical care of SMA: evidence from a nationwide patient registry in Germany.

Background: Management and treatment of spinal muscular atrophy (SMA) has changed in recent years due to the introduction of novel transformative and potentially curative therapies resulting in the emergence of new disease phenotypes. Yet, little is known about the uptake and impact of these therapies in real-world clinical practice. The objective of this study was to describe current motor function, need of assistive devices, and therapeutic and supportive interventions provided by the healthcare system, as well as the socioeconomic situation of children and adults with different SMA phenotypes in Germany.

Impact of a suspension drop onto a hot substrate: diminution of splash and prevention of film boiling.

In the present study, the effect of graphite lubricant additives on the dynamics of a single drop impact onto a heated surface has been investigated in the nucleate boiling and thermal atomization regimes. In the nucleate boiling regime the drop impact is accompanied by the nucleation and expansion of multiple vapor bubbles. The drop residence time at the substrate is determined by the time of its mass loss due to splash and evaporation.

Quality of life and psychological aspects in children with overactive bladder treated with parasacral transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation - A prospective multicenter study.

Objective: To assess the impact of parasacral transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (parasacral TENS) on quality of life (QoL) and psychological aspects in children treated for overactive bladder (OAB).

Methods: This international, multicenter, prospective cohort study involved individuals of 6-16 years of age under TENS treatment for OAB. The study was conducted between June 2016 and December 2019 in four participating centers: two in Australia, one in Germany and one in Brazil.

Patients with Metachronous Peritoneal Metastatic Mucinous Colorectal Adenocarcinoma Benefit More from Cytoreductive Surgery (CRS) and Hyperthermic Intraperitoneal Chemotherapy (HIPEC) than Their Synchronous Counterparts.

Background: Mucinous adenocarcinoma is a frequent subtype in colorectal cancer (CRC). A higher initial T-stage, poorer differentiation, worse response to anti-tumor therapies, and shorter survival are characteristic of mucinous CRC. Moreover, the therapeutic benefit of cytoreductive surgery with hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy (CRS + HIPEC) in mucinous CRC has not been significantly investigated.

Anxiety disorders, depression and incontinence in preschool children-A population-based study.

Objective: The aim was to examine associations of specific anxiety disorders, depressive symptoms, and incontinence in a representative, population-based sample of preschool children.

Methods: All preschool children of a defined geographical area examined before school-entry were included. Parents completed a questionnaire including the Preschool Feelings Checklist (PFC), eight questions referring to nocturnal enuresis (NE), daytime urinary incontinence (DUI), fecal incontinence (FI) and constipation, and 30 items regarding Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders-Fifth Edition (DSM-5) diagnostic criteria of separation anxiety disorder (SAD), social phobia (SOC), specific phobia (PHOB), and generalized anxiety disorder (GAD).

Mental Health and Health-Related Quality of Life in German Adolescents after the Third Wave of the COVID-19 Pandemic.

Evaluations after the first and second waves of the COVID-19 pandemic in Germany showed an increase in mental health problems and a reduction in health-related quality of life (HRQoL). The aim of the study was to assess those aspects after the third wave of COVID-19 in adolescents who decided to receive a vaccination. In students aged 12-17 years recruited from schools in one German region, mental health (by the strengths and difficulties questionnaire, SDQ) and HRQoL (by KIDSCREEN-10) were assessed by both a self- and parental report.

Incontinence and sleep disturbances in young children: A population-based study.

Aims: Nocturnal enuresis (NE), daytime urinary incontinence (DUI), fecal incontinence (FI), as well as sleep and behavioral problems are common in young children. The aim of this study was to analyze the association of sleep and psychological parameters for all types of incontinence in a representative sample of young children.

Methods: Six hundred thirty eight (of 1161) children with a mean age of 5.

Neurodevelopmental disorders and incontinence in children and adolescents: Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder, autism spectrum disorder, and intellectual disability-A consensus document of the International Children's Continence Society.

Aims: Neurodevelopmental disorders (NDs) are incapacitating disorders, which begin early in life, are mainly caused by genetic and neurobiological factors, and show a tendency to persist. They are associated with higher rates of incontinence in children and adolescents, including nocturnal enuresis, daytime urinary incontinence, fecal incontinence, and constipation. Without diagnosis and treatment, they will interfere with incontinence treatment leading to less favorable outcomes.

State and trait anxiety in children with incontinence and their parents.

Background: Maternal anxiety increases the risk for incontinence in children. The aim was to analyze anxiety in children with incontinence and their parents before (t1) and after 6 months of incontinence treatment (t2).

Methods: 40 children with incontinence and 40 controls completed the State-trait Anxiety Inventory for Children, their parents the Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL) and the State-trait Anxiety Inventory at baseline (t1) and 6 months later (follow-up, t2).

Psychopathology and Parental Stress in 3-6-Year-Old Children with Incontinence.

Incontinence and functional gastrointestinal disorders are common in young children and are associated with higher rates of psychological symptoms and mental disorders. This article focuses on the mutual association between incontinence and related toilet refusal syndrome, parental stress, and children's psychopathology especially in young children. Children's psychological symptoms, mental disorders, and parental stress levels were assessed in 38 parent-child dyads involving children with incontinence and 42 dyads of typically developing (TD) children.

Evaluation of a bladder and bowel training program for therapy-resistant children with incontinence.

Introduction: Daytime urinary incontinence (DUI) and fecal incontinence (FI) are common disorders in children. Although standard treatment is highly effective, subgroups of incontinence (combinations of nocturnal enuresis (NE), DUI and/or FI, or with psychological comorbidity) can relapse or take a chronic course. For these complex, therapy-resistant cases, a manualized outpatient bladder and bowel training program was developed.

Definitions, indications and practice of urotherapy in children and adolescents: - A standardization document of the International Children's Continence Society (ICCS).

Background: Urotherapy is an umbrella term for all non-surgical, non-pharmacological interventions for lower urinary tract disorders (LUTD) in children and adolescents. Urotherapy is a specialized practice, which has become mainstay therapy not only for daytime urinary incontinence, but also for nocturnal enuresis, functional constipation and fecal incontinence. The aim of urotherapy is to achieve the normalization of the micturition and bowel pattern and to prevent further functional disturbances by repeated training.

Behavioral comorbidity, overweight, and obesity in children with incontinence: An analysis of 1638 cases.

Aims: Children with nocturnal enuresis (NE), daytime urinary incontinence (DUI), and fecal incontinence (FI) are at risk for behavioral problems, overweight, and obesity. The aim of this study was to analyze the specific behavioral and weight comorbidity in subtypes of incontinence.

Methods: A total of 1638 consecutive patients presented to a tertiary incontinence clinic from 2012 to 2018 was examined prospectively according to ICCS criteria.

Incontinence in persons with tuberous sclerosis complex.

Aims: Tuberous sclerosis complex (TSC) is a multisystem genetic disorder caused by a mutation in the TSC1 or TSC2 gene with a broad spectrum of physical and psychological manifestations. The aim of the study was to examine incontinence, psychological problems, and adaptive behavior skills in patients with TSC.

Methods: Through a worldwide TSC support group, 26 children (4-17 years) and 15 adults (18-50 years) with TSC were recruited (38.

Bladder and bowel control in a population-based sample: Associations to quality of life and behavioral problems of 4-6-year-old children participating in the German Health Interview and Examination Survey (KiGGS).

Background: Prevalence rates for psychiatric comorbidities are high in incontinent children. We analyzed data from the KiGGS survey in order to assess the rate of preschool children with delayed or regular continence, the mean age of gaining continence, psychiatric problems, and quality of life in a nation-wide, representative sample.

Methods: Parental questionnaire data of 3875 preschool children (4-6 years) were analyzed.