The emerging role of S100A4 and S100A14 proteins in colorectal cancer progression.

Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the third most frequent type of cancer and the second leading cause of cancer-related deaths globally. Despite a thorough understanding of its biology, etiology, and epidemiology, an estimated 1.8 million new cases are diagnosed each year, and 900000 people die as a result of malignancy.

A case of treating polypoidal choroidal vasculopathy subretinal fluid by subthreshold micropulse laser.

Purpose: Assess the effectiveness of a subthreshold micropulse laser for treating a patient with polypoidal choroidal vasculopathy and subretinal fluid.

Observations: A 55-year-old female presented with left eye blurring vision and metamorphopsia, and her visual acuity was 20/60. Optical coherence tomography (OCT) and OCT angiography showed subretinal fluid and pigmented epithelium detachment with a small polyp under the retinal pigmented epithelium, which was diagnosed as polypoidal choroidal vasculopathy.

Effect of ophthalmic preparation of methyldopa on induced ocular hypertension in rabbits.

Glaucoma is a type of ocular disorder with multifaceted etiologies characterized by progressive optic nerve damage and ultimately loss of visual field. This study aimed to evaluate the possible intraocular pressure (IOP) lowering effect of an ophthalmic preparation of methyldopa (MD) in corticosteroid-induced ocular hypertension in rabbits. Forty New Zealand white male rabbits were assigned to the experiment and then randomly divided into five groups (n = 8).

Abscesses in different body sites among children: a single-center prospective study.

Objectives: An abscess is a localized collection of pus contained within a fibrous capsule. In this study, we aimed to determine the demographic pattern, common anatomical sites, risk factors, and the microbial profile of abscesses in different body sites among children.

Methods: We conducted a prospective study in our pediatric surgical department among children with abscesses in different body sites between January 2019 and December 2022.

Establishing Benchmarks for Airway Replacement: Long-Term Outcomes of Tracheal Autografts in a Large Animal Model.

Objective: Airway replacement is a challenging surgical intervention and remains an unmet clinical need. Due to the risk of airway stenosis, anastomotic separation, poor vascularization, and necrosis, it is necessary to establish the gold-standard outcomes of tracheal replacement. In this study, we use a large animal autograft model to assess long-term outcomes following tracheal replacement.

IL-10 and IL-18: Key players in liver damage associated with hepatitis A virus infection.

Background: Hepatitis A virus infection is a health threat with multiple transmission patterns across areas, It is evaluated using immune response markers IL-10 and IL-18, along with molecular and biochemical diagnostic methods for accurate diagnosis.

Objective: The association between liver damage and interleukin-10 and interleukin-18 levels in people with hepatitis A virus infection as indications of the risk of acute liver failure.

Methods: 110 samples were collected from Iraqi individuals from both sexes and different age groups ⩽ 1 to ⩾ 25, including 60 patients and 50 healthy people.

Enhancing Sensitivity in Nucleic Acid Detection via Collaborative Multiple Catalytic Cores in DNAzyme Nanomachines.

We introduce a multicore DNA nanomachine (MDNM), utilizing four binary DNAzymes for nucleic acid detection without the need for a preamplification step. This innovation remarkably yields a reduction in limit of detection (LOD), over 5-fold, as compared to single-core systems. This reduces the required test time thus highlighting the potential of MDNM in advancing nucleic acid detection.

Coenzyme Q10 ameliorates cyclophosphamide-induced chemobrain by repressing neuronal apoptosis and preserving hippocampal neurogenesis: Mechanistic roles of Wnt/ β-catenin signaling pathway.

Deterioration in the neurocognitive function of cancer patients referred to as "Chemobrain" is a devastating obstacle associated with cyclophosphamide (CYP). CYP is an alkylating agent, clinically utilized as an efficient anticancer and immunosuppressant. Coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10) is a worthwhile micronutrient with diverse biological activities embracing antioxidant, anti-apoptotic, and neuroprotective effects.

Azilsartan as a preventive agent against cyclophosphamide-induced testicular injury in male rats.

Cyclophosphamide (CP) is a popular cancer treatment; however, despite its efficacy, it is known to cause harm to the testicles. To mitigate the reproductive damage caused by CP in male rats, we examined the protective effect of azilsartan (AZ) on CP-induced testicular damage. Thirty Sprague-Dawley male rats were equally divided into three groups: normal control group: received 0.

An update on the current characteristics and status of care for Muslims with type 2 diabetes fasting during Ramadan: the DAR global survey 2022.

Background: Managing diabetes during Ramadan fasting is a challenge due lifestyle changes. We described the characteristics and patterns of care for type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) during Ramadan 2020 and 2022.

Methods: Our study included multinational Muslims with T2DM who were during routine consultation.

Cost of cardiovascular disease events in patients with and without type 2 diabetes and factors influencing cost: a retrospective cohort study.

Background: Cardiovascular disease (CVD) and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) are non-communicable diseases that impose a significant economic burden on healthcare systems, particularly in low- and middle-income countries. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the hospital treatment cost for cardiovascular disease events (CVDEs) in patients with and without diabetes and identify factors influencing cost.

Method: We conducted a retrospective, cross-sectional study using administrative data from three public tertiary hospitals in Malaysia.

MITOCHONDRIAL VITIATION CONGRUENTLY APTLY WITH AUTISM SPECTRUM DISORDER.

Mitochondrial dysfunction in autism leads to impair the mitochondria's ability to synthesis adenosine triphosphate (ATP) by impairment citric acid cycle as well as increase anaerobic glycolysis. Aim - measuring and evaluating the levels of mitochondrial markers; including glutamate oxaloacetate transaminase (GOT), glutamate pyruvate transaminase (GPT), malate dehydrogenase, and pyruvate kinase) in the autistic group and knowing the possibility of using these markers to diagnose children with autism spectrum disorder. A case-control study was done in the Al-Zahraa Teaching Hospital (Kut City, Iraq) on 100 Iraqi children (male and female), between (April 2023 and January 2024).

Vinpocetine alleviated alveolar epithelial cells injury in experimental pulmonary fibrosis by targeting PPAR-γ/NLRP3/NF-κB and TGF-β1/Smad2/3 pathways.

This study aimed to investigate the potential anti-fibrotic activity of vinpocetine in an experimental model of pulmonary fibrosis by bleomycin and in the MRC-5 cell line. Pulmonary fibrosis was induced in BALB/c mice by oropharyngeal aspiration of a single dose of bleomycin (5 mg/kg). The remaining induced animals received a daily dose of pirfenidone (as a standard anti-fibrotic drug) (300 mg/kg/PO) and vinpocetine (20 mg/kg/PO) on day 7 of the induction till the end of the experiment (day 21).

The mitigating effect of para-hydroxycinnamic acid in bleomycin-induced pulmonary fibrosis in mice through targeting oxidative, inflammatory and fibrotic pathways.

This study investigated the therapeutic benefits of para-hydroxycinnamic acid in mice with bleomycin-induced lung fibrosis. Forty male BALB/c mice were randomly assigned to four groups: normal, which received 0.9% normal saline; induced, which received a single dose of bleomycin (5 mg/kg) by oropharyngeal challenge; pirfenidone-treated; and para-hydroxycinnamic acid-treated, which challenged with bleomycin and received a daily oral dose of 300 and 50 mg/kg, respectively, from day 7 to day 21.

Proteomic Analysis of Surgery-induced Stress Post-Tracheal Transplantation Highlights Changes in Matrisome.

Objective: Investigate the impact of Surgery-induced stress (SIS) on the normal airway repair process after airway reconstruction using a mouse microsurgery model, mass spectrometry (MS), and bioinformatic analysis.

Methods: Tracheal tissue from non-surgical (N = 3) and syngeneic tracheal grafts at 3 months post-replacement (N = 3) were assessed using mass spectrometry. Statistical analysis was done using MASCOT via Proteome Discoverer™.

High-pressure high-temperature synthesis of NdRe.

In this study, we report the synthesis of a new cubic neodymium-rhenium metallic alloy NdRe through the utilization of high pressure and laser heating in a diamond anvil cell. NdRe crystallizes in the space group with a lattice parameter equal to 7.486 (2) Å and Z = 8 at 24 (1) GPa and 2,200 (100) K.

Premarital Screening is Pivotal in Reducing the Births of Babies Affected with Thalassemia Major in Iraq.

Thalassemia major is one of the health problems in Iraq, especially in Kurdistan. Pre-marriage mandatory preventive screening program was established in Kurdistan in 2008, which allowed us to study the prevalence of different hemoglobinopathies among newly married young adults in this region. A total of 1154 subjects (577 couples) attending the Koya district, premarital Health center, were screened using red cell indices.

Machine Learning Analysis of Post-Operative Tumour Progression in Non-Functioning Pituitary Neuroendocrine Tumours: A Pilot Study.

Post-operative tumour progression in patients with non-functioning pituitary neuroendocrine tumours is variable. The aim of this study was to use machine learning (ML) models to improve the prediction of post-operative outcomes in patients with NF PitNET. We studied data from 383 patients who underwent surgery with or without radiotherapy, with a follow-up period between 6 months and 15 years.

Population pharmacokinetic-pharmacodynamic modeling of serum biomarkers as predictors of tumor dynamics following lenvatinib treatment in patients with radioiodine-refractory differentiated thyroid cancer (RR-DTC).

Lenvatinib is a receptor tyrosine kinase (RTK) inhibitor targeting vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) receptors 1-3, fibroblast growth factor (FGF) receptors 1-4, platelet-derived growth factor receptor-α (PDGFRα), KIT, and RET that have been implicated in pathogenic angiogenesis, tumor growth, and cancer. The primary objective of this work was to evaluate, by establishing quantitative relationships, whether lenvatinib exposure and longitudinal serum biomarker data (VEGF, Ang-2, Tie-2, and FGF-23) are predictors for change in longitudinal tumor size which was assessed based on data from 558 patients with radioiodine-refractory differentiated thyroid cancer (RR-DTC) receiving either lenvatinib or placebo treatment. Lenvatinib PK was best described by a 3-compartment model with simultaneous first- and zero-order absorption and linear elimination from the central compartment with significant covariates (body weight, albumin <30 g/dL, ALP>ULN, RR-DTC, RCC, HCC subjects, and concomitant CYP3A inhibitors).

Aberrant β-Catenin Expression and Its Association With Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition and Clinical Outcomes of Colorectal Cancer.

Background Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a significant global health challenge with high mortality rates. Dysregulation of β-catenin, epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), and adenomatous polyposis coli (APC) are crucial in CRC development. Mutations in the APC gene lead to aberrant β-catenin expression, a key player in CRC pathogenesis.

Towards the development of a DNA automaton: modular RNA-cleaving deoxyribozyme logic gates regulated by miRNAs.

Advancements in DNA computation have unlocked molecular-scale information processing possibilities, utilizing the intrinsic properties of DNA for complex logical operations with transformative applications in biomedicine. DNA computation shows promise in molecular diagnostics, enabling precise and sensitive detection of genetic mutations and disease biomarkers. Moreover, it holds potential for targeted gene regulation, facilitating personalized therapeutic interventions with enhanced efficacy and reduced side effects.

Real-world evaluation of care for type 2 diabetes in Malaysia: A cross-sectional analysis of the treatment adherence to guideline evaluation in type 2 diabetes (TARGET-T2D) study.

Aim: Given a lack of data on diabetes care performance in Malaysia, we conducted a cross-sectional study to understand the clinical characteristics, control of cardiometabolic risk factors, and patterns of use of guideline-directed medical therapy (GDMT) among patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D), who were managed at publicly-funded hospitals between December 2021 and June 2022.

Methods: Patients aged ≥18 years with T2D from eight publicly-funded hospitals in the Greater Kuala Lumpur region, who had ≥2 outpatient visits within the preceding year and irrespective of treatment regimen, were eligible. The primary outcome was ≥2 treatment target attainment (defined as either HbA1c <7.

DNAzyme Nanomachine with Fluorogenic Substrate Delivery Function: Advancing Sensitivity in Nucleic Acid Detection.

We have developed a hook-equipped DNA nanomachine (HDNM) for the rapid detection of specific nucleic acid sequences without a preamplification step. HDNM efficiently unwinds RNA structures and improves the detection sensitivity. Compared to the hookless system, HDNM offers an 80-fold and 13-fold enhancement in DNA and RNA detection, respectively, reducing incubation time from 3 to 1 h.

The synthesis of novel lanthanum hydroxyborate at extreme conditions.

The novel structure of lanthanum hydroxyborate LaBO(OH) was synthesized by the reaction of partially hydrolyzed lanthanum and boron oxide in a diamond anvil cell under high-pressure/high-temperature (HPHT) conditions of 30 GPa and ∼2,400 K. The single-crystal X-ray structure determination of the lanthanum hydroxyborate revealed: , = 6.555(2) Å, = 17.