Comparison between traditional and nontraditional add-on devices used with pressurised metered-dose inhalers.

Add-on devices that are attached to metered-dose inhalers (MDIs) were introduced to improve aerosol delivery. The objective of this study was to determine the efficacy of drug delivery from an MDI when attached to different add-on devices at different inhalation volumes. The total emitted dose (TED) of salbutamol was estimated for the MDI alone and the MDI connected to five different add-on devices (Able valved holding chamber, Tips-haler valved holding chamber, Aerochamber plus flow Vu valved holding chamber, Dolphin chamber, and a handmade water bottle spacer), at inhalation flow of 28.

Does type of cancer affect ovarian response in oncofertility patients?

Introduction: To evaluate the influence of type of cancer and cancer itself on the ovarian response during controlled ovarian stimulation (COS) for fertility preservation (FP).

Materials And Methods: This was a retrospective cohort study performed at a single academic tertiary-care infertility center. Women diagnosed with cancer who underwent COS with GnRH antagonist protocol between January 2009 and December 2018 were included in this study.

Saxagliptin and vildagliptin lowered albuminuria in patients with diabetes and hypertension independent on glycaemic control.

Background: Preclinical data illustrated that the dipeptidyl peptidase-4(DPP-4) inhibitors did lower urinary albumin excretion in diabetes-induced rats. We evaluated the effects of saxagliptin and vildagliptin on albuminuria in patients with diabetic nephropathy on top of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) blockade therapy.

Methods: This study included 120 patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D), hypertension, and prevalent albuminuria [defined as urine albumin-to-creatinine ratio (UACR) 30-3000mg/g creatinine] on a stable dose of olmesartan as a standard RAAS blocker for diabetic nephropathy.

In vitro and in vivo performance modelling and optimisation of different dry powder inhalers: A complementary study of neural networks, genetic algorithms and decision trees.

Introduction: Aerosol delivery from DPIs could be affected by different factors. This study aimed to evaluate and predict the effects of different factors on drug delivery from DPIs.

Methods: Modelling and optimisation for both in vitro and in vivo data of different DPIs (Diskus, Turbohaler and Aerolizer) were carried out using neural networks associated with genetic algorithms and the results are confirmed using a decision tree (DT) and random forest regressor (RFR).

Discordance between invasive coronary flow reserve (CFR) and non-invasive myocardial flow reserve (MFR) in diffuse coronary ectasia (DCE).

Clinical use with evidence base for diagnostic and prognostic value of quantitative positron emission tomography(PET) myocardial perfusion imaging (MPI) in patients with known or suspected coronary artery disease has exponentially increased over the last decade. This case illustrates the very first time that stress myocardial blood flow(MBF) in absolute terms (ml/min/gram) and myocardial flow reserve(MFR) are augmented in three vessel diffuse coronary ectasia by N13-Ammonia PET MPI. Moreover, relative qualitative MPI demonstrated moderate-sized ischemia in right coronary artery territory with chronic total occlusion in middle segment; despite regional myocardial flow reserve remains above ischemic thresholds while regional stress myocardial blood flow is mildly reduced.

Fine-Tuning of Neuronal Ion Channels-Mapping of Residues Involved in Glucose Sensitivity of Recombinant Human Glycine Receptors.

The inhibitory glycine receptor (GlyR) mediates synaptic inhibition in the spinal cord, brain stem, and other regions of the mammalian central nervous system. Glucose was shown to potentiate α1 GlyRs by interacting with K143. Here, additional amino acids involved in glucose modulation were identified using a structure-based approach of site-directed mutagenesis followed by whole-cell patch-clamp analysis.

Applicability of American College of Clinical Pharmacy (ACCP) competencies to clinical pharmacy practice in Egypt.

Background: The American College of Clinical Pharmacy (ACCP) prepared clinical pharmacist competencies that have specific recommendations. Recently, many efforts to advance clinical pharmacy services in Egypt exist. The literature revealed that no country has assessed the extent of applicability of ACCP competencies in its current pharmacy practice setting.

The Role of Chondroitin Sulfate Proteoglycans in Nervous System Development.

The orderly development of the nervous system is characterized by phases of cell proliferation and differentiation, neural migration, axonal outgrowth and synapse formation, and stabilization. Each of these processes is a result of the modulation of genetic programs by extracellular cues. In particular, chondroitin sulfate proteoglycans (CSPGs) have been found to be involved in almost every aspect of this well-orchestrated yet delicate process.

Eight enteric-coated 50 mg diclofenac sodium tablet formulations marketed in Saudi Arabia: in vitro quality evaluation.

Objective: To evaluate in vitro quality of enteric-coated 50 mg diclofenac sodium tablet formulations on Saudi market.

Results: A reference and seven generic (G1-7) formulations were commercially available in December 2019/January 2020 and were assessed within 25-75% of manufacture-expiration period. Weight variation (range as% difference from mean, n = 20), active substance content (ASC, mean (SD) as% difference from label, n = 20), hardness (mean (SD), n = 10), and friability (% weight loss, n = 20) were 97-103%, 102.

Green synthesis of silver nanoparticles by extract alleviates diabetic neuropathy through anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects.

Green synthesis of silver nanoparticles has gained great interest among scientists. In view of this data, we conducted this study to identify the ameliorative effect of green synthesis of silver nanoparticles using extract in diabetic neuropathy induced experimentally. In this study, 50 adult male albino rats were used and they were randomly divided into five groups; the first group was the healthy control group, the second group were the diabetic neuropathy diabetic neuropathy induced, Groups (3-6) diabetic neuropathy induced group and treated with silver nanoparticles, extract and green synthesized silver nanoparticles using extract respectively.

Role of Chondroitin Sulfation Following Spinal Cord Injury.

Traumatic spinal cord injury produces long-term neurological damage, and presents a significant public health problem with nearly 18,000 new cases per year in the U.S. The injury results in both acute and chronic changes in the spinal cord, ultimately resulting in the production of a glial scar, consisting of multiple cells including fibroblasts, macrophages, microglia, and reactive astrocytes.

Solution Structure of the Detergent-Photosystem II Core Complex Investigated by Small-Angle Scattering Techniques.

Albeit achieving the X-ray diffraction structure of dimeric photosystem II core complexes (dPSIIcc) at the atomic resolution, the nature of the detergent belt surrounding dPSIIcc remains ambiguous. Therefore, the solution structure of the whole detergent-protein complex of dPSIIcc of () solubilized in -dodecyl-ß-d-maltoside (ßDM) was investigated by a combination of small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) and small-angle neutron scattering (SANS) with contrast variation. First, the structure of dPSIIcc was studied separately in SANS experiments using a contrast of 5% DO.

Yoga in Burn: Role of pranayama breathing exercise on pulmonary function, respiratory muscle activity and exercise tolerance in full-thickness circumferential burns of the chest.

Background: Circumferential burn of chest (CBC) is a significant type of burn and considers as a major cause of restrictive lung disease (RLD). Patient who has CBC with RLD leads to respiratory symptoms such as breathing difficulty, airway obstruction, reduced exercise capacity and altered pulmonary functions. However, studies examining the role of pranayama breathing exercise on pulmonary function, respiratory muscle activity and exercise tolerance in full thickness circumferential burn of chest are lacking.

The Effects of Genetic and Epigenetic Alterations of BARD1 on the Development of Non-Breast and Non-Gynecological Cancers.

Breast Cancer 1 () gene is a well-characterized tumor suppressor gene, mutations of which are primarily found in women with breast and ovarian cancers. BRCA1-associated RING domain 1 () gene has also been identified as an important tumor suppressor gene in breast, ovarian, and uterine cancers. Underscoring the functional significance of the BRCA1 and BARD1 interactions, prevalent mutations in the gene are found in its RING domain, through which it binds the RING domain of BARD1.

Heterologous expression of lytic polysaccharide monooxygenases (LPMOs).

Lytic polysaccharide monooxygenases (LPMOs) are relatively new enzymes that have been discovered 10 years ago. LPMOs comprise a diverse group of enzymes which play a pivotal role in the depolymerization of sugar-based biopolymers including cellulose, hemicellulose, chitin, and starch. Their mechanism of action relies on the correct coordination of a copper ion in the active site, which is partly composed of the N-terminal histidine.

POPS case: A 30-year-old Filipino woman with fevers, lymphadenopathy, painful scalp lesions, and a neck mass.

We described a case of a 30-year-old Filipino woman who presented with fevers, night sweats, left hip pain, painful scalp lesions, and a neck mass. Symptoms began 6 months earlier, with nasal drainage, fever, cough, and occasional hemoptysis, which did not resolve with outpatient antibiotics. A further workup revealed lymphadenopathy and several lytic bone lesions.

Push and pull factors, and the role of residents in nurturing medical students' interest in surgery as a career option in a multicultural Asian context: Results of a prospective national cohort study.

Background: Studies in Caucasian populations suggest that interest among medical students in pursuing a surgical career is dwindling. We sought to investigate these trends and to evaluate the impact of resident teaching in a multiethnic Asian population.

Study Design: Between 2015 and 2017, 1780 Singaporean third- and fifth-year medical students completed a structured anonymized questionnaire following the completion of an 8-week general surgery rotation.

Medical Informatics in the Digital Personalized Health and Medicine Era: A SWOT Analysis and Actionable Strategies.

With the rapid proliferation of digital health technologies, the role of medical informatics in advancing personalized healthcare and wellbeing is emphasized. To examine the readiness of medical informatics for fostering digital health moving forward, a Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities, and Threats (SWOT) analysis was performed. As a result, actionable strategies have been identified to maximize the benefits of medical informatics and overcoming the faced challenges in the digital health era.

Author Correction: Ultra-high throughput single-cell analysis of proteins and RNAs by split-pool synthesis.

An amendment to this paper has been published and can be accessed via a link at the top of the paper.

Untangling the sequence of events during the S → S transition in photosystem II and implications for the water oxidation mechanism.

In oxygenic photosynthesis, light-driven oxidation of water to molecular oxygen is carried out by the oxygen-evolving complex (OEC) in photosystem II (PS II). Recently, we reported the room-temperature structures of PS II in the four (semi)stable S-states, S, S, S, and S, showing that a water molecule is inserted during the S → S transition, as a new bridging O(H)-ligand between Mn1 and Ca. To understand the sequence of events leading to the formation of this last stable intermediate state before O formation, we recorded diffraction and Mn X-ray emission spectroscopy (XES) data at several time points during the S → S transition.

Attenuation of Age-Related Hepatic Steatosis by Microalgae in Senescence Rats through the Regulation of Redox Status, Inflammatory Indices, and Apoptotic Biomarkers.

Background: Hepatic steatosis is the most common type of chronic liver disease and is considered an established risk factor of major chronic diseases.

Purpose: The present study aimed to investigate the effect of , a microalga and its isolated zeaxanthin on age-related hepatic steatosis as well as their underling mechanism. .

Ultra-high throughput single-cell analysis of proteins and RNAs by split-pool synthesis.

Single-cell omics provide insight into cellular heterogeneity and function. Recent technological advances have accelerated single-cell analyses, but workflows remain expensive and complex. We present a method enabling simultaneous, ultra-high throughput single-cell barcoding of millions of cells for targeted analysis of proteins and RNAs.

Nontuberculous Mycobacterial Infection in Patients with Neurosurgical Hardware: Two Cases and A Review of the Literature.

Central nervous system infections with nontuberculous mycobacteria (NTM) are rare but have been increasing in frequency. A small fraction of these infections are related to surgical hardware, with approximately 20 cases reported. Patients typically present with an indolent course but can rapidly deteriorate.