Computational identification of promising therapeutics via BACE1 Targeting: Implications for Alzheimer's disease.

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a significant global healthcare challenge, particularly in the elderly population. This neurodegenerative disorder is characterized by impaired memory and progressive decline in cognitive function. BACE1, a transmembrane protein found in neurons, oligodendrocytes, and astrocytes, exhibits varying levels across different neural subtypes.

Effect of eucalyptol on matrix metalloproteinase-9 and its tissue inhibitor in hypertensive rats.

Effects of eucalyptol, a key component of eucalyptus globules, on matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) and its tissue inhibitor (TIMP-1), compared with lisinopril, were investigated in a model of hypertension induced by chronic intraperitoneal (IP) injection of low dose nicotine in rats. The hypertensive rats were randomly allocated to 4 groups (n=8): Positive control (PC, untreated), eucalyptol-treated group (1.0 mg/kg, IP), lisinopril-treated group (10 mg/kg, IP), and eucalyptol+lisinopril-treated group.

Cheminformatics approach for identification of as a novel potential ligand against RAS and renal chloride channel.

Some angiotensin receptor (AR) blockers interfere with the renal chloride channel (ClC-K), which plays an important role in urine concentration. Identifying ligands targeting this channel, whether activating or blocking, is highly desirable because it could open the way for interventions that modulate their activity. In this study, the Asinex (BioDesign) complete library was screened to identify a compound with favorable physicochemical and pharmacokinetic properties, which have both AR blocking and ClC-Ka-modulating activities to present it as a novel potential oral candidate which could be useful for treatment of salt-sensitive hypertension without major ClC-K affection.

Could Plasma CXCL12 Predict Ventricular Dysfunction in Patients with Severe Myocardial Infarction?

Plasma level of chemokine CXCL12 can predict adverse cardiovascular outcomes in patients with coronary artery disease, but data on its relationship with severity of coronary stenosis in cases of severe myocardial infarction (MI) are scarce and conflicting. The objective of this study was to investigate link between plasma CXCL12 levels and different grades of left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) in statin-treated and -untreated patients with severe MI. A total of 198 consecutive patients with first-time severe MI (ST-elevated myocardial infarction [STEMI],  = 121 and non-ST-elevated myocardial infarction [NSTEMI],  = 77) were recruited from Coronary Care Unit, King Abdulaziz University Hospital.

Case report: A novel loss of function variant in the DNA-binding domain of TBX2 causes severe osteochondrodysplasia.

T-box family members are transcription factors characterized by highly conserved residues corresponding to the DNA-binding domain known as the T-box. TBX2 has been implicated in several developmental processes, such as coordinating cell fate, patterning, and morphogenesis of a wide range of tissues and organs, including lungs, limbs, heart, kidneys, craniofacial structures, and mammary glands. In the present study, we have clinically and genetically characterized a proband showing a severe form of chondrodysplasia with developmental delay.

The Association Between Medication Non-Adherence and Early and Late Readmission Rates for Patients with Acute Coronary Syndrome.

Purpose: Unplanned hospital readmission forms costly, but preventable burdens on healthcare system. This study was designed to evaluate cardiovascular-related readmission rate after discharge of acute coronary syndrome (ACS) patients and its relationship with medication adherence at a university hospital, Saudi Arabia.

Methods: A total of 370 consecutive patients presenting with ACS were involved.

Olmesartan medoxomil self-microemulsifying drug delivery system reverses apoptosis and improves cell adhesion in trinitrobenzene sulfonic acid-induced colitis in rats.

Olmesartan medoxomil (OM) is an angiotensin receptor blocker. This study aimed to investigate the effects of OM self-microemulsifying drug delivery system (OMS) in trinitrobenzene sulfonic acid (TNBS)-induced acute colitis in rats. Besides two control groups, five TNBS-colitic-treated groups ( = 8) were given orally sulfasalazine (100 mg/kg/day), low and high doses of OM (3.

Interactions of selected cardiovascular active natural compounds with CXCR4 and CXCR7 receptors: a molecular docking, molecular dynamics, and pharmacokinetic/toxicity prediction study.

Background: The chemokine CXCL12 and its two receptors (CXCR4 and CXCR7) are involved in inflammation and hematopoietic cell trafficking. This study was designed to investigate molecular docking interactions of four popular cardiovascular-active natural compounds; curcumin, resveratrol, quercetin, and eucalyptol; with these receptors and to predict their drug-like properties. We hypothesize that these compounds can modify CXCL12/CXCR4/CXCR7 pathway offering benefits for coronary artery disease patients.

Development and Validation of an Arabic Version of the Drug Abuse Screening Test-10 (DAST-10) among Saudi Drug Abusers.

The Drug Abuse Screening Test-10 (DAST-10) is a valid and reliable screening tool for drug use-related problems, however there is no Arabic version. To our knowledge, this is the first study to develop and validate an Arabic DAST-10 version. Saudi young adults participated in the study as two groups; drug users (n=360) recruited from Alamal Complex for Mental Health, Jeddah, and drug non-users (n=100).

Blood Levels of Glutamine and Nitrotyrosine in Patients with Chronic Viral Hepatitis.

Purpose: Oxidative stress is involved in pathogenesis of chronic viral hepatitis. Glutamine is an antioxidant, but there is a controversy about its risk-benefits. Nitrotyrosine is an oxidative stress marker.

Effect of sequential eradication therapy on serum osteoprotegerin levels in patients with infection and co-existing inflammatory bowel disease.

Objective: To investigate the effect of sequential eradication therapy on serum osteoprotegerin levels in patients with infection and co-existing inflammatory bowel disease (IBD).

Methods: Three groups of patients were involved in this observational cross-sectional study: IBD (n = 83), infection (HP, n = 68), and infection with co-existing IBD (HP + IBD, n = 52). These groups were compared with a normal control group (NC, n = 50).

Role and implications of the CXCL12/CXCR4/CXCR7 axis in atherosclerosis: still a debate.

Atherosclerosis is one of the leading causes of mortality and morbidity worldwide. Chemokines and their receptors are implicated in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis. CXCL12 is a member of the chemokine family exerting a myriad role in atherosclerosis through its classical CXCR4 and atypical ACKR3 (CXCR7) receptors.

Protective effect of 6-paradol in acetic acid-induced ulcerative colitis in rats.

Background: Ulcerative colitis is a gut inflammatory disorder due to altered immune response to gut microbiome, with interplay of environmental and genetic factors. TNF-α activates inflammatory response through a cascade of immune responses, augmenting pro-inflammatory mediators and proteases, activating chemotaxis, and infiltration of inflammatory cells, leading to ulceration and haemorrhage through cytotoxic reactive oxygen species. 6-Paradol, a dietary component in several plants belonging to the Zingiberaceae family, has shown anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activities.

Telmisartan Self-Nanoemulsifying Drug Delivery System, Compared With Standard Telmisartan, More Effectively Improves Hepatic Fibrosis in Rats.

Background: This study was designed to examine effects of telmisartan; an angiotensin receptor blocker; self-nanoemulsifying drug delivery system (SNEDDS) in reversing already-established hepatic fibrosis.

Method: Forty rats were given thioacetamide (200 mg/kg, intraperitoneally) twice/week for 8 weeks then divided into 5 groups (n = 8), PC and 4 treated groups. Treatments were given orally for another 2 months as follows: telmisartan low and high doses (TL and TH: 1.

Pharmacotherapy of schizophrenia: toward a metabolomic-based approach.

Approximately 20%-30% of schizophrenia patients are resistant to current standard pharmacotherapies. Recent schizophrenia research aims to identify specific pathophysiological abnormalities and novel targets in the disease, with the goals of identifying at-risk individuals, facilitating diagnosis, prompting early and personalized interventions, and helping predict response to treatment. Metabolomics involves the systematic study of the profile of biochemical alterations early in the course of a given disorder.

Adaptation of child oral health education leaflets for Arabic migrants in Australia: a qualitative study.

Background: The purpose of this study was to gain an in-depth understanding of Arabic-speaking mothers views on the usefulness of existing oral health education leaflets aimed at young children and also to record their views on the tailored versions of these leaflets.

Methods: This qualitative study was nested within a large ongoing birth cohort study in South Western Sydney, Australia. Arabic-speaking mothers (n = 19) with young children were purposively selected and approached for a semi-structured interview.

Effect of genetic polymorphisms in SREBF-SCAP pathway on therapeutic response to rosuvastatin in Saudi metabolic syndrome patients.

Aim: Genetic variants contribute to statins' therapeutic variability. SREBF-SCAP pathway is a key player in lipid homeostasis. Hence, effect of SREBF-SCAP polymorphisms on therapeutic response was studied.

Cystic fibrosis: current therapeutic targets and future approaches.

Objectives: Study of currently approved drugs and exploration of future clinical development pipeline therapeutics for cystic fibrosis, and possible limitations in their use.

Methods: Extensive literature search using individual and a combination of key words related to cystic fibrosis therapeutics.

Key Findings: Cystic fibrosis is an autosomal recessive disorder due to mutations in CFTR gene leading to abnormality of chloride channels in mucus and sweat producing cells.

Co-inhalation of roflumilast, rather than formoterol, with fluticasone more effectively improves asthma in asthmatic mice.

Roflumilast is approved as an add-on therapy for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. The inflammation in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease is mainly neutrophilic, while in asthma it is mainly eosinophilic, studies addressing role of roflumilast in eosinophilic inflammation are recommended. Also in severe asthma, the dominant inflammatory cells are neutrophils.

Mentha longifolia protects against acetic-acid induced colitis in rats.

Ethnopharmacological Relevance: Mentha longifolia L (Wild Mint or Habak) (ML) is used in traditional medicine in treatment of many gastrointestinal disorders.

Aim Of The Study: This study aimed to evaluate potential protecting effect of ML and its major constituent, eucalyptol, against acetic acid-induced colitis in rats, a model of human inflammatory bowel disease (IBD).

Materials And Methods: Rats were divided into ten groups (n=8) given orally for three days (mg/kg/day) the following: normal control, acetic acid-induced colitis (un-treated, positive control), vehicle (DMSO), sulfasalazine (500), ML extract (100, 500, 1000), and eucalyptol (100, 200, 400).

L-Carnitine, but not coenzyme Q10, enhances the anti-osteoporotic effect of atorvastatin in ovariectomized rats.

Objective: Statins' therapy in osteoporosis can aggravate muscle damage. This study was designed to assess which agent, L-carnitine or coenzyme Q10, could enhance the anti-osteoporotic effect of atorvastatin while antagonizing myopathy in ovariectomized rats.

Methods: Forty-eight female Sprague Dawley rats were used; forty rats were ovariectomized while eight were sham-operated.

Co-Administration of Pioglitazone Improves Fluoxetine's Antinociceptive, Neuroprotective, and Antidepressant Effects in Chronic Constriction Injury in Rats.

Background: Chronic pain may be associated with diabetes mellitus and/or depression. Use of therapies that target both comorbidities is encouraged.

Objective: This study was designed to investigate the potential antinociceptive, neuroprotective, and antidepressant effects of combinations of pioglitazone or metformin with fluoxetine in chronic constriction injury (CCI) in rats.

Thearubigins protect against acetaminophen-induced hepatic and renal injury in mice: biochemical, histopathological, immunohistochemical, and flow cytometry study.

Context: Acetaminophen toxicity is used as a model for studying chemical toxicity. N-acetylcysteine (NAC) is used for the treatment of hepatotoxicity; however, there is no specific therapy for nephrotoxicity.

Objective: This study was designed to investigate the potential protective effect of black tea extract (BTE) and its main phenolic pigment, thearubigins (TRs), against acetaminophen (APAP)-induced hepatic and renal injury in mice.

Impaired expression of sex hormone receptors in male reproductive organs of diabetic rat in response to oral antidiabetic drugs.

Introduction: Few oral antidiabetic drugs have been evaluated for their reproductive complication. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of metformin, pioglitazone and sitagliptin on the structure of male reproductive system through an immunohistopathological study.

Material And Methods: Sprague-Dawley male rats were injected with streptozotocin.